415 resultados para Tilápia


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Comportamento do mercado de varejo nacional. Evolução dos preços. A abertura do mercado brasileiro à tilápia chinesa. O setor externo.

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Tese dout., Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, 2006

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Dissertação mest., Biotecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2009

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The major aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the introduction of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the enrichment with nutrients (N and P) interact synergistically to change the structure of plankton communities, increase phytoplankton biomass and decrease water transparency of a semi-arid tropical reservoir. One field experiment was performed during five weeks in twenty enclosures (8m3) to where four treatments were randomly allocated: with tilapia addition (T), with nutrients addition (NP), with tilapia and nutrients addition (T+NP) and a control treatment with no tilapia or nutrients addition (C). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was done to test for time (t), tilapia (T) and nutrient (NP) effects and their interaction on water transparency, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, phytoplankton and zooplankton. The results show that there was no effect of nutrient addition on these variables but significant fish effects on the biomass of total zooplankton, nauplii, rotifers, cladocerans and calanoid copepods, on the biovolume of Bacillariophyta, Zygnemaphyceae and large algae (GALD ≥ 50 μm) and on Secchi depth. In addition, we found significant interaction effects between tilapia and nutrients on Secchi depth and rotifers. Overall, tilapia decreased the biomass of most zooplankton taxa and large algae (diatoms) and decreased the water transparency while nutrient enrichment increased the biomass of zooplankton (rotifers) but only in the absence of tilapia. In conclusion, the influence of fish on the reservoir plankton community and water transparency was greater than that of nutrient loading. This finding suggests that biomanipulation should be a greater priority in the restoration of eutrophic reservoirs in tropical semi-arid regions

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The natural raw materials acquired special importance beside the mineral raw materials with the need for using alternative sources to oil, because they can be used to produce biopolymers. Gelatin, produced from the denaturation of collagen, and starch, an abundant polysaccharide in various plants, are examples of biopolymers which have several technological applications, especially in films. The objective of this work is to produce polymeric bioblends with gelatin and corn starch using two types of gelatin: commercial bovine gelatin and gelatin produced from mechanically separated flesh of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). For the extraction of tilapia gelatin 3 distinct pretreatments, followed by extraction in distilled water under heating were performed. The properties of gelatin extracted were similar to bovine gelatin, and the differences can be explained by the difference in extraction processes and sources. Blends of commercial gelatin and starch were produced in an internal mixer from a Haake torque rheometer, to study the behavior of the gelatin mixture with starch, thus, the same compositions were processed by twin screw extrusion, to define the mixing parameters. Subsequently, the extrusion of blends of tilapia gelatin and corn starch was carried out in the same twin screw extruder. The physico-chemical, rheological and morphological properties of the blends with thermoplastic starch and gelatin were studied. It was found that various properties vary linearly with increasing concentration of the components. The blends produced are immiscible, and among the two gelatins, tilapia gelatin showed a better interfacial adhesion with the corn starch. Regarding the morphology, gelatins formed the dispersed phase in all compositions studied, even in compositions rich in starch. Can be concluded that the procedure for tilapia gelatin extraction is feasible and advantageous, and the increasing in its scale to a reactor of 30 liters is possible, with a satisfactory yield. The bioblends of bovine gelatin/corn starch and tilapia gelatin/corn starch were successfully produced, and the processing conditions were appropriate

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The dams are limnic ecosystems of great importance for its multiple uses, among them, water supply for the public and to culture of artisanal fish are most relevant. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics and the phytoplankton community in two chosen sites (Point 1 littoral zone of point source; Point 2 pelagic zone of non-point source) of the Minister João Alves dam, which is also known as Boqueirão de Parelhas/RN. This represents the spatial distribution of the phytoplankton species in order to understand any possible alterations of the water quality and the phytoplankton composition in relation to the water quality originating from the impact of the tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, culture. The study period also encompasses temporal variations exhibited in two seasons of an annual cycle, one during the dry season (Oct, Nov and Dec of 2008 and Jan of 2009), and the other rainy season (Mar, Apr, May and June of 2008) to extend the observation. The physicalchemical parameters, such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, concentration of dissolved oxygen were measured in situ and the values of the inorganic nutrients (nitrate, ammonium and orto-phosfato) and chlorophyll in the laboratory. The quali-quantitative analyses of the phytoplankton had been carried through sedimentation technique and the enumeration of the random of 400 cells, colonies and filaments counted using Sedgwick-Rafter counting chamber. The results of pH varied widely from the acidic to alkaline range with the minimum of 5.8 (± 0.8) and the maximum of 9.2 (± 0.7-0.8), at point 1 and 2. The dissolved oxygen content was higher in the rainy period than that in the dry period. The maximum electrical conductivity was of 1409 μScm-1 in point 1 and 431 minim of μScm-1, in point 2. There was a considerable alteration in the levels of inorganic nutrients such as nitrate-nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen and orthophosphate during the two cycles of study period. Phytoplankton assemblages presented a picture of alternate dominance among species Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae. The trophic state index diagnosed to the category of mesotrophic, which is based on the values of chlorophyll, total phosphorus and Secchi-disc measurements. The wind driven turbulence of the water column and the fresh inflow of water (flushing and dilution) during rainy season acted as constraint and did-not allow an exaggerated growth of the species of cyanobacteria. On the basis of the present we conclude that the culture of tilapias in cage-culture fails to produce pollution load that could compromise the quality of the water of the dam, probably be due to small dimension of the culture in relation to the size, volume of the water and the reservoir capacity support its own environment

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de resposta compensatória no desempenho produtivo de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo Oreochromis niloticus, linhagem GIFT, submetidos a diferentes estratégias alimentares. Foram utilizados 135 juvenis de tilápia, distribuídos em nove tanques de polietileno de 100L cada. As estratégias testadas foram: grupo controle (alimentado todo dia), grupo alimentado por cinco dias seguidos de dois dias de restrição de alimento (5A/2R) e grupo alimentado por quatro dias seguidos de três dias de restrição de alimento (4A/3R). Foram avaliados parâmetros físico-químicos da água e de desempenho produtivo. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. A qualidade de água, o fator de condição e a conversão alimentar não foram influenciados pela estratégia alimentar. O grupo alimentado com a estratégia 5A/2R apresentou peso final, ganho de peso e taxa de crescimento específico semelhantes ao grupo continuamente alimentado (7,8 e 9,2g; 6,4 e 7,8g e 2,7 e 3,0% dia-1, para peso final, ganho de peso e taxa de crescimento especifico, respectivamente). A estratégia 4A/3R apresentou os piores resultados de desempenho produtivo, e a estratégia 5A/2R pode ser usada na alimentação de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo sem prejuízo ao desempenho produtivo, possibilitando inclusive redução de até 22,5% na quantidade de alimento ofertada.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the processing methods (F-1 = to remove skin with pliers and then to cut in fillets; F-2 = cut in fillet and then to remove skin with knife and pliers help) and weight categories (W-1=250-300 g; W-2=301-350 g; W-3 = 351-400 g and W-4 = 401-450 g), on the carcass (CY), fillet (FY) and skin yield of Nile tilapia. Forty-eight fishes were used in a completely randomized design. There was effect for the processing method, being the F-1 mean (56.43 and 36.67 %) higher to the F-2 (53.46 and 32.89%) for CY and FY respectively. For the weight categories, W-1 (56.49 and 37.34%) and W-2 (56.34 and 36.40%) were superior as compared to W-3 (53.27 and 31.98%) and W-4 (53.71 and 33.42%), respectively for CY and FY. Crude skin percentage, clean and of fleshed were higher for F-2, but there was no effect for weight categories. The F-1 processing method promoted the best yield and skin results, and for the weight categories W-1 and W-2 higher yields.

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Neste trabalho foi realizada a análise econômica da produção de juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo em tanques-rede utilizando-se diferentes densidades de estocagem. O experimento foi desenvolvido em área aquícola, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro densidades de estocagem (100, 200, 300 e 400 peixes m-3), avaliadas com seis repetições, em dois períodos de criação: de março a abril de 2005 (52 dias - peso inicial de 43,08 ± 2,98 g e peso final de 262,14 ± 47,86 g) e de março a abril de 2006 (58 dias - peso inicial de 43,16 ± 5,34 g e peso final 314,24 ± 73,30 g). Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis econômicas: custo da ração mais custo do juvenil dividido pela biomassa, em R$ kg-1; porcentagem do custo da ração por quilo de peixe produzido sobre o preço de venda; porcentagem do custo do juvenil por quilo de peixe produzido sobre o preço de venda e; porcentagem dos custos da ração mais do juvenil por quilo de peixe produzido sobre o preço de venda. da menor densidade de estocagem (100) para a maior (400), ocorreu diminuição no ganho de peso diário e elevação do índice de conversão alimentar aparente, mas essa redução não comprometeu a taxa de sobrevivência. Entretanto, o ganho de biomassa aumentou com o adensamento de peixes. As maiores receitas líquidas foram obtidas nas densidades de estocagem de 100 e 200 peixes m-3. Os preços não remuneraram os custos operacionais (efetivo e total) em maiores densidades (300 e 400 peixes m-3). Os melhores resultados para a produção de juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo foram obtidos com densidades de até 200 peixes m-3.

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Acompanhou-se o desenvolvimento dos processos da salga em salmoura saturada (salga úmida) e salga seca de filés de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) e avaliaram-se algumas características indicativas de qualidade do produto durante a estocagem. Os processos foram acompanhados por 156 horas na salga úmida e por 96 horas na salga seca, e os filés salgados foram estocados, respectivamente, por 60 e 45 dias à temperatura ambiente. Os teores máximos de cloreto nos filés (14%) foram atingidos com 72 horas na salga úmida e com 36 horas na salga seca. Os filés de tilápia salgados em salmoura mantiveram as características próprias do produto por um período de 45 dias, e os submetidos à salga seca apresentaram baixo teor de umidade (6%) e alta concentração de extrato etéreo (4,6%). Recomenda-se somente o processo de salga em salmoura saturada como forma de conservação dos filés de tilápia-do-nilo.

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Several anesthetics are used in aquaculture to reduce the stress caused by management. In the field, the most common anesthetic is benzocaine, but several authors are researching about eugenol. The objective of this study were to compare the action of these drugs on the anesthetics stages and measure the effects of successive administration of eugenol on the anesthetics stages in Oreochromis niloticus. In the first test, fish (47.73 +/- 8.73 g and 14.23 +/- 0.81 cm) were subjected to five concentrations of eugenol (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 mg L-1) and one of benzocaine (100 mg L-1). All the anesthetic concentrations tested were able to induce fish to all stages of anesthesia, and revealed an inverse relationship between the induction times and increased concentrations. The minimum concentration of eugenol to induce anesthesia was 100 mg L-1. In the second test, the juveniles (38.07 +/- 5.00 g and 12.70 +/- 0.54 cm) were exposed to concentrations of 60, 80, 100 mg L-1 of eugenol, as determined in the first test. Evaluating the differences between successive days, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between anesthetics stages in the concentrations of eugenol tested, suggesting that the residue of eugenol was removed from the fish in less than 24 hours.

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the nourishing industry is a segment that makes use of high water consumption due to necessity of the hygienic cleaning of the establishments and the maintenance of the good quality of the food. It enters the nourishing industries with bigger water consumption we have the fishery industry which generates effluent around 5.4 m(3). t(-1) of processed fish. This work had as objective the reduction in the water consumption of the processing of Nile tilapia through the implantation of P+L techniques, for had been in such a way carried through hydraulical alterations in the filleting tables aiming at the minimum possible water consumption for two methods of filleting, eviscerated and not eviscerated, as well as the comment of the alterations in the generated quality of the effluent one. In the present study, the reduction in the water consumption in the filleting process corresponded 98.16% for method EV considering an average time of processing of 3 hours for 32.99 kg of fish, and for method NEV the reduction was of 97.97% with average time of processing of 2.1 hours for 34.96 kg of fish, thus demonstrating that the P+L techniques are efficient for the reduction of the water consumption.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da levedura desidratada de álcool (Saccharomyces cerevisae) como substituto do suplemento vitamínico, em dietas de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Trezentos alevinos machos, sexualmente revertidos, com peso médio de 1,5 g, foram distribuídos igualmente em 20 aquários de fibra de vidro, equipados com filtro biológico. Cinco dietas isoprotéicas com 32% de proteína bruta na primeira fase (40 dias) e com 28% de proteína bruta na segunda fase (74 dias) foram fornecidas ad libitum, duas vezes ao dia. A dieta-controle não conti-nha levedura, e as demais apresentavam 10% de levedura. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Não houve influência significativa dos tratamentos sobre o ganho de peso e taxa de crescimento específico. Foi observada, nos peixes alimentados com dietas sem suplemento vitamínico, alta mortalidade. Os peixes que receberam levedura apresentaram menor conteúdo corporal de proteína, e maior, de lipídeos. A levedura desidratada de álcool pode ser usada como fonte de vitaminas hidrossolúveis em dietas para alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo.