Detecção e ação antimicrobiana e antiendotóxica do extrato glicólico de gengibre utilizado como substância química auxiliar durante o retratamento endodôntico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência da radioterapia para tratamento de lesões malignas de cabeça e pescoço sobre a ocorrência de microrganismos bucais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sífilis congênita: incidência em recém-nascidos

A sífilis congênita (SC) vem ocupando um lugar de destaque no mundo todo, desde que se observou um aumento no número de casos a partir dos meados de 1980. Apesar do fato de ser uma doença perfeitamente prevenível, a SC permanece como um importante problema de saúde pública. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a incidência de SC em neonatos. A pesquisa foi realizada na Maternidade da Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará (FSCMPA), no período de maio a setembro de 1996. Foram entrevistadas 361 mães e realizado o exame físico de seus recém-nascidos (RN). Os soros das puérperas e neonatos foram testados através de 3 métodos: um não treponêmico, Veneral Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) e dois treponêmicos, Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption (FTA-Abs) e Enzime-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Imunoglobina M (IgM). Foi dado o diagnóstico de SC em 9,1% dos conceptos; no que diz respeito a outros fatores relacionados com a doença, encontrou-se que 39,4% dos recém natos com sífilis apresentaram algum sinal sugestivo da infecção; 36,4% das puérperas com sífilis não realizaram o pré-natal; 12,1% dessas puérperas confessaram consumir drogas e a maioria tinha história pregressa de natimortalidade e aborto; a bissexualidade paterna foi significativamente maior no que diz respeito aos recém natos com sífilis em comparação aos sem a moléstia. Investigações mais amplas devem ser realizadas para melhor compreensão das características epidemiológicas da infecção na região amazônica, e para adoção de medidas adequadas para controle e erradicação.

Soroepidemiologia da sífilis em gestantes e seus recém-nascidos

A sífilis é uma doença infecto-contagiosa sistêmica causada pelo Treponema pallidum, parasita exclusivo do homem, cuja transmissão se faz essencialmente pelo contato sexual. A incidência desífilis congênita tem atingido proporções de verdadeira epidemia, apesar do conhecimento de medidas que poderiam controlar esta doença. A investigação caracterizou gestantes com sífilis internadas na FSCMPA no período de janeiro de 2001 até junho de 2003, quanto às características sócio-demográficas, comportamento para promoção da saúde sexual e reprodutiva, dados sorológicos e clínicos relacionados à sífilis no binômio mãe/recém-nascido. O estudo é de natureza analítico-descritivo, de corte transversal, com 245 gestantes, a partir da revisão de prontuários destes pacientes, com sorologia positiva para sífilis e do recém-nascido, testados pelo método de VDRL. A incidência de sífilis em gestantes foi de 1,73% do total de pacientes internadas nos últimos 2 anos e meio. O perfil epidemiológico demonstrou que os principais fatores de risco para aquisição da sífilis na gestação foram: ausência de acompanhamento pré-natal e de tratamento, inclusive do parceiro sexual. De acordo com a soropositividade materna no pós-natal, verificou-se que a possibilidade de um recém-nascido ter sífilis, se VDRL positivo, foi de 98,68%. A icterícia e o baixo peso foram os sinais clinícos de maior ocorrência, a prematuridade também foi sinal clínico observado. Estas análises revelam a necessidade de campanhas educativas mais abrangentes, sobre os fatores de risco para aquisição desta enfermidade e um melhor atendimento às gestantes no pré-natal, com acompanhamento e diagnóstico controle das gestantes.

Avaliação clínica e microbiológica periodontal de crianças e adolescentes sob terapia ortodôntica com aparelhos fixos ou removíveis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Saúde bucal de pacientes com desordens neurológicas e nutrição enteral: análise microbiológica, bioquímica e protocolo de prevenção

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Subgingival biodiversity in subjects with uncontrolled type-2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Clinical investigation of bacterial species and endotoxin in endodontic infection and evaluation of root canal content activity against macrophages by cytokine production

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Microbiological changes after periodontal therapy in diabetic patients with inadequate metabolic control

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Oral syphilis: report of three cases and characterization of the inflammatory cells

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum. This study reports 3 cases of syphilis and highlights the importance of identifying oral lesions for its final diagnosis. Case 1: a 48-year-old male patient presented with a bleeding ulcer in the lower lip. Overall clinical examination revealed patchy alopecia and skin target lesions. Case 2: a 61-year-old male patient presented with white spots on the lateral tongue and nodules on the dorsum of the tongue. Overall clinical examination showed erythematous target lesions on the abdomen, forearm, palms of the hand, and soles of the feet. Case 3: a 17-year-old male patient presented with an ulcerated lesion on the tongue and lymph node involvement. The following serologic tests were requested: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory, fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption, anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2, and anti-hepatitis C virus. An incisional biopsy revealed epithelial hyperplasia associated with intense and diffuse mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration consisting mainly of plasma cells, in a perivascular and perineural distribution. The final diagnosis in the 3 patients was syphilis. Treatment consisted of 1 weekly dose of penicillin (2.4 million units, intramuscular) for 2 or 3 weeks. Immunohistochemical reactions for XIIIa, CD3, CD20, CD68, CD163, S100, CD1a, CD11c, CD83, CD138, and CD208 were performed. Clinicians should be familiarized with oral syphilis lesions in order to be able to diagnose this emerging infectious disease of variable clinical presentation.

Non-inflammatory destructive periodontal disease: a clinical, microbiological, immunological and genetic investigation

Periodontitis comprises a group of multifactorial diseases in which periodontopathogens accumulate in dental plaque and trigger host chronic inflammatory and immune responses against periodontal structures, which are determinant to the disease outcome. Although unusual cases of non-inflammatory destructive periodontal disease (NIDPD) are described, their pathogenesis remains unknown. A unique NIDPD case was investigated by clinical, microbiological, immunological and genetic tools. The patient, a non-smoking dental surgeon with excessive oral hygiene practice, presented a generalized bone resorption and tooth mobility, but not gingival inflammation or occlusion problems. No hematological, immunological or endocrine alterations were found. No periodontopathogens (A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum and T. denticola) or viruses (HCMV, EBV-1 and HSV-1) were detected, along with levels of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha in GCF compatible with healthy tissues. Conversely ALP, ACP and RANKL GCF levels were similar to diseased periodontal sites. Genetic investigation demonstrated that the patient carried some SNPs, as well HLA-DR4 (*0404) and HLA-B27 alleles, considered risk factors for bone loss. Then, a less vigorous and diminished frequency of toothbrushing was recommended to the patient, resulting in the arrest of alveolar bone loss, associated with the return of ALP, ACP and RANKL in GCF to normality levels. In conclusion, the unusual case presented here is compatible with the previous description of NIDPD, and the results that a possible combination of excessive force and frequency of mechanical stimulation with a potentially bone loss prone genotype could result in the alveolar bone loss seen in NIDPD.

Isolierung und Charakterisierung von Spirochaeten aus dem Termitendarm

Termiten beherbergen in ihrem Darm eine einzigartige Flora aus Bakterien, Archaeen, Flagellaten und Hefen. Diese symbiontische mikrobielle Gemeinschaft ist am Abbau von komplexen organischen Verbindungen beteiligt und ermöglicht es den Termiten schwer abbaubares Material wie Holz als Nahrungsquelle zu nutzen. Spirochaeten, eine Gruppe beweglicher Bakterien die sich durch ihre besondere Morphologie und Art der Fortbewegung von allen anderen Mikroorganismen abgrenzen lassen, gehören zu den häufigsten Bakterien im Termitendarm. Ziel der Arbeit war die Isolierung und Charakterisierung bislang unbekannter Spirochaeten aus Termitendärmen. Aus drei niederen Termitenarten konnten sechs spirochaetale Stämme gewonnen und identifiziert werden. Die Isolate ließen sich anhand der 16S rRNA Gensequenzen den Gattungen Treponema und Spirochaeta zuordnen. Im Gegensatz zu allen bislang charakterisierten Spirochaeten zeigte der Stamm SPN1 aus der Termite Neotermes castaneus eine kokkoide Zellform und war unbeweglich. Der Organismus wurde daher als neue Art, Spirochaeta coccoides sp. nov., beschrieben. Bei allen gewonnenen Isolaten handelt es sich um strikt anaerobe Organismen die verschiedene Mono-, Di- und Oligosaccharide fermentieren. Als wesentliche Stoffwechselprodukte konnten Acetat und Ethanol (sowie Formiat bei einem Stamm) identifiziert werden. Weiterhin konnten bei den untersuchten Stämmen eine Reihe von enzymatischen Aktivitäten nachgewiesen werden, die für den Abbau von Lignocellulose im Termitendarm von Bedeutung sind. Die Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass die Spirochaeten eine wichtige Rolle bei der Fermentation von Abbauprodukten der Lignocellulose im Termitendarm spielen.

Oropharyngeal lesions and cervical lymphadenopathy: syphilis is a differential diagnosis that is still relevant

Syphilis (lues), a chronic infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum, has been increasing in incidence during the last few years. Therefore, while clinically it is often not suspected, syphilis is increasingly becoming a differential diagnosis in routine pathology.

Occurrence, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of syphilis in the prospective observational Swiss HIV Cohort Study

Background: Annual syphilis testing was reintroduced in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) in 2004. We prospectively studied occurrence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches and treatment of syphilis. Methods: Over a period of 33 months, participants with positive test results for Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay were studied using the SHCS database and an additional structured case report form. Results: Of 7244 cohort participants, 909 (12.5%) had positive syphilis serology. Among these, 633 had previously been treated and had no current signs or symptoms of syphilis at time of testing. Of 218 patients with newly detected untreated syphilis, 20% reported genitooral contacts as only risk behavior and 60% were asymptomatic. Newly detected syphilis was more frequent among men who have sex with men (MSM) [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.8, P < 0.001], in persons reporting casual sexual partners (adjusted OR 2.8, P < 0.001) and in MSM of younger age (P = 0.05). Only 35% of recommended cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) examinations were performed. Neurosyphilis was diagnosed in four neurologically asymptomatic patients; all of them had a Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) titer of 1:≥32. Ninety-one percent of the patients responded to treatment with at least a four-fold decline in VDRL titer. Conclusion: Syphilis remains an important coinfection in the SHCS justifying reintroduction of routine screening. Genitooral contact is a significant way of transmission and young MSM are at high risk for syphilis. Current guidelines to rule out neurosyphilis by CSF analysis are inconsistently followed in clinical practice. Serologic treatment response is above 90% in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy.

Immediate bacterial colonization of titanium implants

Background: The information on bacterial colonization immediately after dental implant insertion is limited. Aims: (1) to assess the early colonization on titanium implants immediately post placement through the first12 post-surgical weeks , (2) to compare the microflora at interproximal subgingival implant and adjacent tooth sites. Material and Methods: Subgingival plaque samples from implant and neighbouring teeth were studied by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization before, 30 min. after implant placement , 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weerks after surgery. Results: Comparing bacterial loads at implant sites between 30 min. after placement with one week data showed that only the levels of V.parvula (p<0.05) differed with higher loads at week 1. Week 12 data demonstrated significantly higher bacterial loads for 15/40 species at tooth sites compared to pre-surgery (p < values varying between 0.05 and 0.01). Between immediately post-surgery and week 12 at implant sites 29/40 species were more commonly found at week 12. Included among these bacteria at implant sites were P.gingivalis (p< 0.05), T.forsythia, (p < 0.01), and T denticola (p<0.001). Immediately post-surgery 5.9% of implants, and 26.2% of teeth and at week 12, 15.0 % of implants, and 39.1% of teeth harbored S.aureus. Comparing tooth and implant sites, significantly higher bacterial loads were found at tooth sites for 27/40 species at the 30 minutes after placement interval. This difference increased to 35/40 species at week 12. Conclusions: The colonization of bacteria occurs within 30 minutes. Colonization patterns differed between implants and tooth surfaces.