Streptomyces griseus (Krainsky) Waksman and Henrici; a taxonomic study of some strains

Bibliography: p. 29-31.

Blanchaquinone: A new anthraquinone from an Australian Streptomyces sp.

Chemical analysis of an Australian Streptomyces species yielded a range of known anthracyclines and biosynthetically related metabolites, including daunomycin (1), E-rhodomycinone (2), 11-hydroxyauramycinone (3), 11-hydroxysulfurmycinone (4), aklavinone (5), bisanhydro-gamma-rhodomycinone (6), and the anthraquinone 7, as well as the hitherto unreported blanchaquinone (8). The structure assigned to 8 was secured by detailed spectroscopic analysis and correlation to known analogues, such as the anthraquinone 7. This account also represents the first natural occurrence of 3, 4, and 7 and the first spectroscopic characterization of 11-hydroxysulfurmycinone (4).

Legonaridin, a new member of linaridin RiPP from a Ghanaian Streptomyces Isolate

Acknowledgements KK, MJ, RE and HD are grateful for financial support through the Leverhulme Trust-Royal Society Africa award (AA090088). MJ, RE, HD, JT and KH thank EU FP7 for financial support (contract no. 312184). HD thanks the School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, for a PhD scholarship to XLW. PCD gratefully acknowledges grants from the National Institute of Health (GM097509 and GMS10RR029121). We thank the Bruker Therapeutic Discovery Mass Spectrometry Center for recording the MSn spectra.

Biological fluorination from the sea : discovery of a SAM-dependent nucleophilic fluorinating enzyme from the marine-derived bacterium Streptomyces xinghaiensis NRRL B24674

We thank Prof. David O’Hagan and Dr Qingzhi Zhang (University of St Andrews, UK) for their helpful discussion and for providing the synthetic 50 -FDA sample. This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81503086), a starting funding (No. 20140520) from Tianjin University of Science & Technology, a research funding of “1000 Talents Plan” of Tianjin (to LM) and Foundation of Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology (No. 2015IM106)

Julichromes, composto bioativo isolado de Streptomyces griseorubiginosus CCMA 33 com atividade antifúngica.

2009

Streptomyces caldifontis sp. nov., isolated from a hot water spring of Tatta Pani, Kotli, Pakistan

A Gram-staining positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase positive and oxidase negative bacterium, designated NCCP-1331(T), was isolated from a hot water spring soil collected from Tatta Pani, Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The isolate grew at a temperature range of 18-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0) and with 0-6 % NaCl (optimum 2 % NaCl (w/v)). The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain NCCP-1331(T) belonged to the genus Streptomyces and is closely related to Streptomyces brevispora BK160(T) with 97.9 % nucleotide similarity, followed by Streptomyces drosdowiczii NRRL B-24297(T) with 97.8 % nucleotide similarity. The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain NCCP-1331(T) with S. brevispora KACC 21093(T) and S. drosdowiczii CBMAI 0498(T) were 42.7 and 34.7 %, respectively. LL-DAP was detected as diagnostic amino acid along with alanine, glycine, leucine and glutamic acid. The isolate contained MK-9(H8) as the predominant menaquinone. Major polar lipids detected in NCCP-1331(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and unidentified phospholipids. Major fatty acids were iso-C16: 0, summed feature 8 (18:1 ω7c/18:1 ω6c), anteiso-C15:0 and C16:0. The genomic DNA G + C content was 69.8 mol %. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, it is concluded that strain NCCP-1331(T) represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces caldifontis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NCCP-1331(T) (=KCTC 39537(T) = CPCC 204147(T)).

Structure of Ferroverdin

FERROVERDIN, a green iron-containing pigment, was isolated in 1955 by Chain, Tonolo and Carilli1 from an unidentified species of Streptomyces. It was at first assigned the formula C30H24O8N2Fe and the iron was shown by measurements of magnetic susceptibility to be in the ferrous state2. Later the ligand present was proved to be the p-vinyl phenyl ester of 3-nitroso-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid3,4. X-ray crystallographic measurements were undertaken to find the atomic arrangement in this unusual complex; they show, in two different crystal structures, that each iron atom is attached to three nitrosophenyl ligands and that the charge is balanced by sodium ions.

The structure of thiostrepton

Much of the chemical structure of thiostrepton, a sulphur containing metabolic product of the microorganism Streptomyces azureus, has been determined by X-ray crystallographic techniques.

Evolution, Homology Conservation, and Identification of Unique Sequence Signatures in GH19 Family Chitinases

The discovery of GH (Glycoside Hydrolase) 19 chitinases in Streptomyces sp. raises the possibility of the presence of these proteins in other bacterial species, since they were initially thought to be confined to higher plants. The present study mainly concentrates on the phylogenetic distribution and homology conservation in GH19 family chitinases. Extensive database searches are performed to identify the presence of GH19 family chitinases in the three major super kingdoms of life. Multiple sequence alignment of all the identified GH19 chitinase family members resulted in the identification of globally conserved residues. We further identified conserved sequence motifs across the major sub groups within the family. Estimation of evolutionary distance between the various bacterial and plant chitinases are carried out to better understand the pattern of evolution. Our study also supports the horizontal gene transfer theory, which states that GH19 chitinase genes are transferred from higher plants to bacteria. Further, the present study sheds light on the phylogenetic distribution and identifies unique sequence signatures that define GH19 chitinase family of proteins. The identified motifs could be used as markers to delineate uncharacterized GH19 family chitinases. The estimation of evolutionary distance between chitinase identified in plants and bacteria shows that the flowering plants are more related to chitinase in actinobacteria than that of identified in purple bacteria. We propose a model to elucidate the natural history of GH19 family chitinases.

Evaluación agronómica con enfoque agroecológico en un sistema diversificado de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.), nopal (Opuntia ficus L.), piña (Ananas comosus L.) y papaya (carica papaya L.) utilizando vermicompost, Managua, Nicaragua, 2009-2011

Con el propósito de responder a preguntas de orden nutricional y biológico del suelo con un enfoque agroecológico se desarrolló el presente trabajo, en un terreno calcáreo, no salino, que permaneció en barbecho cinco años antes de iniciado el estudio. Se evaluó la implementación de una diversificación de cultivos (guayaba, nopal, piña y papaya) y tres dosis de vermicompost (a 1 :10, a 2 :15 y a 3 :20 t (ha año) - 1 . La investigación se inició en mayo del 2009 hasta diciembre del 2011 y el diseño usado fue cuasiexperimental en franjas pareadas. Las características físicas - químicas de suelo analizadas fueron: pH en H 2 O, materia orgánica , N, arena, limo y arcilla en %; P disponible, Fe, Cu, Mn y Zn en ppm; K disponible, Ca y Mg en meq, conductividad eléctrica en μS/cm y la relación C/N. Desde el punto de vista biológico del suelo se determinaron presencia de hongos, bacterias y actinomicetos. Antes de iniciar el estudio en 2009, y durante el ensayo, se determinaron las variables físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo. Para la interpretación agronómica de la nutrición para cada cultivo se hizo un análisis combinado entre los resultados de las propiedades físico - químicas y los rangos definidos para cada cultivo por la metodología propuesta por Quintana (1983) . La diversificación de cultivos, influyó sobre las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo. En el cultivo de guayaba si se aplica 20 t (ha año) - 1 hay que realizar aplicaciones suplementarias de Cu. Aplicaciones de a 1 y a 2 en nopal y papaya respectivamente, además de aplicaciones complementarias de Cu, también necesitan suplemento de P. Sin efecto antropogénico los microorganismos que predominaron fueron bacterias del género Bacillus y esporádicamente Pseudomona y Sarcina . Con la diversificación de cultivos y aplicaciones de vermicompost se incrementó la diversidad de géneros de microorganismos. El total de géneros de microorganismos, al concluir el estudio fueron 13; de éstos 10 fueron diferentes (Cinco hongos: Curvularia, A spergillus, Pestalotia, Fusarium, Penicillium ; cuatro bacterias: Serratia, Erwinia, Sporolactobacillus y Caryophanon y un actinomiceto: Streptomyces). Variables del crecimiento en el cultivo de guayaba demostraron que con un mayor número de ramas terciarias existe un 70 % de probabilidad de tener más frutos comerciales. En nopal, el tratamiento con los mejores resultados para variables del crecimiento es 15 t (ha año) - 1 cosechado cada 90 días. Para piña, se encontró resultados superiores con 10 t (ha año) - 1 . Papaya obtuvo los mejores resultados con 20 t (ha año) - 1 . Con el cultivo de guayaba el mejor rendimiento se alcanzó utilizando 20 t (ha año) - 1 . En nopal un mayor número de cladodios se alcanza aplicando 15 t (ha año) - 1 cosechado cada 30 días. Un mayor peso en el cladodio se obtiene al aplicar 20 t (ha año) - 1 , cosechado cada 90 días. La piña obtiene mayor número de frutos aplicando 15 t (ha año) - 1 . En el cultivo de papaya un mayor número de frutos cosechados fue alcanzado con 15 - 20 t (ha año) - 1.

Caracterização molecular de bastonetes Gram positivos irregulares e actinomicetos aeróbios obtidos de espécimes clínicos, de ensaios de esterilidade e de áreas limpas

Os bastonetes Gram positivos irregulares (BGPIs) compõem um grupo de espécies bacterianas com ampla diversidade fenotípica e que podem estar presente no meio ambiente, na microbiota humana e de animais. A identificação acurada de BGPIs em nível de gênero e espécie empregando métodos bioquímicos convencionais é bastante limitada, sendo recomendado, portanto, o uso de técnicas moleculares. No presente estudo, foram identificadas amostras de BGPIs oriundas de espécimes clínicos de humanos, de produtos farmacêuticos e de áreas limpas através da análise de sequencias do gene 16S rRNA e de outros genes conservados (housekeeping genes). Os resultados obtidos pelo sequenciamento dos genes 16S rRNA e rpoB demonstraram C. striatum multi-resistente (MDR) como responsável por surto epidêmico em ambiente hospitalar da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Quinze cepas de C. striatum foram isoladas em cultura pura a partir de secreção traqueal de pacientes adultos submetidos a procedimentos de entubação endotraqueal. A análise por eletroforese em gel de campo pulsado (PFGE) indicou a presença de quatro perfis moleculares, incluindo dois clones relacionados com cepas MDR (PFGE I e II). Os dados demonstram a predominância de PFGE I entre cepas MDR isoladas de unidades de terapia intensiva e enfermarias cirúrgicas. Uma potencial ligação causal entre a morte e a infecção por C. striatum MDR (PFGE tipos I e II) foi observada em cinco casos. Adicionalmente, acreditamos que este seja o primeiro estudo de identificação de espécies de Nocardia relacionadas com infecções humanas pela análise da sequencia multilocus (MLSA) no Brasil. Diferente dos dados observados na literatura (1970 a 2013) e obtidos pelos testes fenotípicos convencionais, a caracterização molecular de quatro lócus (gyrB-16S-secA1-hsp65) permitiu a identificação das espécies N. nova, N. cyriacigeorgica, N. asiatica e N. exalbida/gamkensis relacionadas com quadros de nocardiose em humanos. Cepas de N. nova isoladas de diferentes materiais clínicos de um único paciente apresentaram padrões de susceptibilidade antimicrobianos idênticos e dois perfis PFGE, indicando a possibilidade de quadros de co-infecção por N. nova em humanos. Em outra etapa da investigação, amostras de BGPIs obtidos de ambientes de salas limpas que não puderam ser identificadas por critérios convencionais foram submetidas a análise da sequência do gene 16S rRNA e caracterizadas 95,83% em nível de gênero e 35,42% em espécies. Para gêneros mais encontrados no estudo, foram analisados os genes rpoB e recA de dezessete cepas de Microbacterium e utilizado o MLSA para a identificação de sete cepas identificadas como Streptomyces. Os ensaios permitiram a identificação de três cepas de Microbacterium e de uma única amostra de Streptomyces ao nível de espécie. A análise da sequencia do gene rpoB também se mostrou eficaz na identificação de espécies de cepas de Corynebacterium. Finalmente, para as cepas ambientais pertencentes à classe Actinobacteria os dados morfológicos, bioquímicos e genotípicos permitiram documentar a cepa 3117BRRJ como representante de uma nova espécie do gênero Nocardioides, para o qual o nome Nocardioides brasiliensis sp. nov. e as cepas 3712BRRJ e 3371BRRJ como representante de um novo gênero e espécie para o qual o nome Guaraldella brasiliensis nov. foi proposto.

Isolatin [sic] the bacteria produced biactive [sic] metabolits [sic] cytotoxic compound in order to prduction [sic] anticancer substance in the coral regin [sic] the Persian Gulf (Larak Island)

In the present investigation the marine bacteria isolated from corals, sponges sea water and sediments of coral regions in the larak Island located in the Persian Gulf and were examined for ability to produce cytotoxic metabolits in order to use as an anticancer compounds. Cytotoxic effect were isolated bacteria from different samples and were examined by Artemia Cytotoxic Bioassay test, in which 4.5 percent of sea waters, 12 percent of sediments and 28 percent of marine invertebrat showed cytotoxic activity, using Brine Shrimp Bioassay test. Streptomyces S-2004 isolated from soft coral specified as Sinularia erecta had LC50=0.5mg/m1 in Brine Shrimp Bioaassay test. The streptomyces S-2004 produced cytotoxic metabolits in low nutrient condition and sea water medium after 7 days on 250 rpm shaken in vitro condition. The extract partially were semipurified. Then ethyl acetate extraction from aceton extracted of bacterial plate had cytotoxic effect (LC50=4.19ktg/m1) in Human epidermoid carcinoma of mouth cells (KB) by using neutral red assay. Morphological effects of this extract on KB cells showed turgescence, cellular blebs and apoptosis which was a proof for anticancer compounds of the extract. It is seems that streptomyces S-2004 is a new strain and could be introduced as a talented bacteria, which produced cytotoxic metabolits.

Actinomycetes and earthy-musty odorous compounds in brackish fishponds in Tianjin, China

The presence of the odorous compounds, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin, as well as causative microorganisms in brackish intensive cultivation fishponds in Tianjin, China that had a severe earthy-musty odor were evaluated. The results revealed that MIB was the primary odorous compound present in the Tianjin fishponds, with a concentration ranging from 0.53-5302.7 ng.L-1. Furthermore, the concentration of MIB was found to be closely correlated with the gross biomass of actinomycetes in the water, which ranged from 10.67-1528.24 x 10(6) cfu.ml(-1). Therefore, the sequences of the 16 SrRNA and morphological characteristics of the actinomycetes in the brackish fishponds were investigated. The results revealed that the actinomycetes in the brackish fishponds included 9 species of common and dominant actinomycetes belonging to 4 genera. Of these genera, Streptomyces were the dominant species, and Streptomyces, Nocardioides and Micromonospora were the most common species in the fishponds evaluated. Next, the ability of each of the isolated Streptomyces to produce MIB was measured under laboratory culture conditions. Streptomyces Sp2 was found to have a strong ability to produce MIB, which indicates that this strain may be the primary source of the earthy-musty odor reported in brackish intensive cultivation fishponds in Tianjin, China.

四株有潜在生物活性的放线菌分类地位和产物研究

放线菌是一种重要的微生物资源，广泛分布于自然界中。已经发现的微生物来源的生物活性物质中，由放线菌产生的约占三分之二。从我国云南省不同地方的土壤样品中分离到多株有潜在生物活性的放线菌，本文对从西双版纳原绐森林土壤样品中分得的JX-47菌株着重进行了研究，用形态观察、化学分类及分子分类等多项分类的方法确定了该菌株的分类地位，为链霉菌一新种，命名为Streptomyces autolyticus sp nov.。从该菌株的发酵液中分离得到三个化合物，用各种光谱实验鉴定了它们的结构式。这三个化合物均属于Ansamycin类抗生素；其中一个为新化合物，命名为autolytimycin，并申请了国家发明专利（申请号为：00102982. 7)。初步的实验结果证明这些化合物具有细胞毒性和一定的抗病毒活性。同时，对分离到的JX-42、JX-45、JX-46菌性的分类地位和次生代谢产物进行了初步研究。根据形态特征和细胞壁的化学组成，JX-42和JX-46菌株被确定属于链霉菌属；JX-45菌株被确定属于小单孢菌属。从它们的发酵液中，共分离出10个化合物，并鉴定了结构。

中国辽宁海洋放线菌资源、生物学特性及一株新种的鉴定命名

本论文在国内外首次报导了中国辽宁海洋放线菌资源考察研究结果。结果表明中国辽宁海洋放线菌资源丰富；在分离出的海洋放线菌中以链霉菌属居绝对优势，占所分离菌株总数的90%以上，此外尚有少量的海洋小单孢菌和海洋诺卡氏菌；所获提的海洋链霉菌可分为7个类群，已鉴定出11个种和1个新种。选择生长较快的链霉菌属13株菌株，对其形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征、抗菌谱、细胞化学组分、DNA中的G+C mol%等内容进行系统研究。结果，全部13株菌株均能忍耐6%NaCl和pH13的碱性，5株菌株能耐受10%NaCl；G+C mol%均在69.5%-72.5%之间；均为细胞壁I型；但在形态特征、培养特征、生理生长特性、抗菌谱等方面各菌株之间又有差异。根据链霉菌鉴定手册，将13株菌株中的12株逐一定名：（1）将菌株H72-9定名为威德摩尔链德菌（S. wedmorensis, H72-9），（2）将菌株H73定名为细黄链霉菌（S. microflavus, H73）（3）将菌株H74-2定名为天蓝色链霉菌生天蓝亚种（S. coelicolor，subsp. coelicoferus, H74-2），（4）将菌株Hai-75定名为娄彻氏链霉菌（S. rochei, Hai-75），（5）将菌株H75-2定名为鲜黄链霉菌（S. galbus, H75-2），（6）将菌株H76定名为束丛链霉菌（S. fasciculus, H76），（7）将菌株H77定名为灰红链霉菌（S. griseoruber, H77），（8）将菌株H78-1定名为栗褐链霉菌（S. badius, H78-1），（9）将菌株J5定名为吡啶霉素链霉菌（S. pyridomyceticus, J5），（10）将菌株J7定名为锈亦链霉菌（S. rubiginosus, J7），（11）将菌株J10和J11定名为栗色浑圆链霉菌（S. castaneoglobosus）。将13株中的另一株海洋放线菌Hai-74确定为放线菌新种，它除了在形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特性等与已知近似种有明显的不同外，最主要的是在其独特的“索状”孢子丝结构，为国内外首次发现，故将此新种命名为索孢天蓝链霉菌（Strepomyces multisticho-cateniformis n. sp. Xie and Ding）。在研究中国辽宁海洋放线菌的抗菌性能中，我们还首次发现并报道了海洋细黄链霉菌H73的抗菌物质，它能显著减轻大豆连作障碍（重茬大豆根际土壤紫青霉菌及其毒素对大豆的危害），因此在今后它很有可能被用来研制一种能够减轻大豆连作障碍的新型农用抗生系。为此，我们对海洋细黄链霉菌H73的基因组DNA文库进行了构建，这将为今后研究有关抗菌基因方面的工作奠定基础。