Hidrodinámica y Combustión de Biomasa Vegetal Residual en Spouted Bed Cónico

En este trabajo se ha analizado la fluidodinámica de diferentes biomasas en spouted bed ademas de la combustión de algunas de ellas. La fluidodínamica también se ha efectuado con diferentes dispositivos internos

Avances en el modelado de la combustión de biomasa en spouted bed cónico

290 p.

Evaluation of the spouted bed dried leaf extract of Bauhinia forficata for the treatment of experimental diabetes in rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Drying of Phytochemical Preparations in a Spouted Bed: Perspectives and Challenges

This article presents an overview of relevant issues to be considered in the development of standardized phytochemical preparations, focusing on the use of the spouted bed as a drying method. Aspects related to the effects of feed composition properties and processing parameters on system performance and product quality are addressed. From the information presented, it can be concluded that the spouted bed technology can be successfully applied for production of high-quality phytochemical preparations suitable for food and pharmaceutical purposes, considering the requirements for product safety, quality, and efficacy. Nevertheless, it should be emphasized that, at this time, the proposed technology is appropriate for small-scale production, mainly due to difficulties concerning scale-up, modeling, and the simulation of spouted bed systems, and also for predicting product properties and system behavior during operation.

Simulation of Oil Shale Semi-Coke Particle Cold Transportation in a Spouted Bed Using CPFD Method

The spouted bed was widely used due to its good mixing of particles and effective phase transferability between the gas and solid phase. In this paper, the transportation process of particles in a 3D spouted bed was studied using the Computational Particle Fluid Dynamics (CPFD) numerical method. Experiments were conducted to verify the validity of the simulation results. Distributions of the pressure, velocities and particle concentration of transportation devices were investigated. The motion state and characteristics of multiphase flows in the transportation device were demonstrated under various operating conditions. The results showed that a good consistency was obtained between the simulated results and the experimental results. The motion characteristics of the gas-solid two-phase flow in the device was effectively predicted, which could assist the optimal operating condition estimation for the spouted transportation process.

Evaluation of molecular weight of Chitosan in thin-layer and spouted bed drying

Chitosan is chitin in deacetylated form and is the main constituent of crustacean exoskeletons. Commercially, chitosan is dried in tray driers, and during the operation, polymerization may occur as the chitosan is composed of carbohydrates. The aim of this work was to analyze chitosan in spouted bed and thin-layer drying, considering viscosity average molecular weight of the chitosan samples in the process. Results showed that spouted bed-dried chitosan presented a molecular weight value similar (160 kDa) to that of the raw one (150 kDa). However, when dried on tray dryers, the molecular weight was 300 kDa, indicating that molecule polymerization occurred.

Modelling of void initiation and breaking phenomena in a packed bed

Void breaking and formation in a packed bed are important phenomena in stabilising and optimising the performance of reactors such as the blast furnace, spouted bed and catalytic regenerator. These phenomena have been studied using a mathematical model. The model is based on a previously published force balance approach to predict the cavity size. Limited numbers of experiments, at room temperature, have been carried out in order to compare the experimental results with theory. A good agreement has been found between the experimental and theoretical results. In addition, the predictions have been compared with published data, which give reasonable agreement. The role of various forces (friction, pressure and bed weight) on void initiation and breaking has been investigated. The effect of bed height, particle diameter and density, void fraction, as well as gas flow rate on void formation and breaking has also been studied.

Nutritional potential of green banana flour obtained by drying in spouted be

Este estudo avaliou a composição química da farinha de banana verde sem casca e com casca, obtido por secagem em leito de jorro, com o objetivo de agregar valor nutricional a produtos alimentícios. As bananas foram cortadas e trituradas para a obtenção de uma pasta, sendo esta alimentada no secador leito de jorro (12 cm de altura e T = 80 º C), a fim de obter uma farinha. As farinhas obtidas foram submetidas a análise da umidade, proteína, cinzas, Carboidratos totais, amido total, amido resistente, e fibras. As farinhas de banana verde, principalmente com casca, são boas fontes de fibras e amido resistente, com uma média de 21,91g/100g e 68,02g/100g respectivamente. O teor médio de proteína encontrado foi para 4,76g/100g, sendo classificada como uma proteína de baixo valor biológico, tendo a lisina como o primeiro aminoácido limitante. Os resultados mostraram que a farinha de banana verde com casca obtida por secagem em leito de jorro pode ser uma ferramenta valiosa para agregação de valor nutricional aos produtos, a fim de aumentar a sua fracção não digerível.

Prediction of minimum spouting velocity in two-dimensional flat bottom spouted beds

Spouted beds have been used in industry for operations such as drying, catalytic reactions, and granulation. Conventional cylindrical spouted beds suffer from the disadvantage of scaleup. Two-dimensional beds have been proposed by other authors as a solution for this problem. Minimum spouting velocity has been studied for such two-dimensional beds. A force balance model has been developed to predict the minimum spouting velocity and the maximum pressure drop. Effect of porosity on minimum spouting velocity and maximum pressure drop has been studied using the model. The predictions are in good agreement with the experiments as well as with the experimental results of other investigators.

Solids mixing and segregation in a gas spout-fluid bed-effect of the distributor design

This work is concerned with the assessment of a newer version of the spout-fluid bed where the gas is supplied from a common plenum and the distributor controls the operational phenomenon. Thus the main body of the work deals with the effect of the distributor design on the mixing and segregation of solids in a spout-filled bed. The effect of distributor design in the conventional fluidised bed and of variation of the gas inlet diameter in a spouted bed were also briefly investigated for purpose of comparison. Large particles were selected for study because they are becoming increasingly important in industrial fluidised beds but have not been thoroughly investigated. The mean particle diameters of the fraction ranged from 550 to 2400 mm, and their specific gravity from 0.97 to 2.45. Only work carried out with binary systems is reported here. The effect of air velocity, particle properties, bed height, the relative amount of jetsam and flotsam and initial conditions on the steady-state concentration profiles were assessed with selected distributors. The work is divided into three sections. Sections I and II deal with the fluidised bed and spouted bed systems. Section III covers the development of the spout-filled bed and its behaviour with reference to distributor design and it is shown how benefits of both spouting and fluidising phenomena can be exploited. In the fluidisation zone, better mixing is achieved by distributors which produce a large initial bubble diameter. Some common features exist between the behaviour of unidensity jetsam-rich systems and different density flotsam-rich systems. The shape factor does not seem to have an affect as long as it is only restricted to the minor component. However, in the case of the major component, particle shape significantly affects the final results. Studies of aspect ratio showed that there is a maximum (1.5) above which slugging occurs and the effect of the distributor design is nullified. A mixing number was developed for unidensity spherical rich systems, which proved to be extremely useful in quantifying the variation in mixing and segregation with changes in distributor design.

Producción de hidrógeno a partir de biomasa en un proceso en dos etapas, pirólisis y reformado en línea

El consumo acelerado de unos recursos energéticos finitos, el impacto ambiental asociado a la producción y uso de las energías tradicionales, la distribución de las reservas de energía , y los precios de las materias primas energéticas , confieren a las fuentes renovables de energía una importancia creciente en la política energética de la mayor í a de los países desarrollados. Además , la valorizació n energética de residuos representa un reto de la sociedad de consumo, por una parte para dar respuest a a los requerimientos de desarrollo sostenible y tamb ié n para fomentar el uso de fuentes de energí a renovables. Entre estos, una de las fuente s más importantes es la biomasa. Es evidente que, un desarrollo de las tecnologías y una planificación adecuada de los aprovechamientos de biomasa, permitiría contrarrestar los efectos perniciosos del excesivo uso de la energía , además de generar empleo, mejoras ambientales y el correspondiente desarrollo rural de zonas degradadas. Las previsiones establec en que antes de 2100 la cuota de participación de la biomasa en la producción mundial de energía debería estar entre el 25 y el 46 %. La producción de hidró geno a partir de biomasa es un proceso interesante y viable, teniendo en cuenta el aumento significa tivo del actual consumo de hidró geno. La producción actual se obtiene mayoritariamente a partir de fuentes fósiles , que emiten grandes cantidades de CO 2 y por lo tanto, surge la necesidad de reducir estas emisiones utilizando materias primas renovables. Por ello, en este sentido, el objetivo principal de este Proyecto Fin de Grado es avanzar en el aprovechamiento de la biomasa vegetal a través de la piró lisis flash y posterior reformado con vapor en línea para la obtención de hidró geno. Para ello, se ha p ropuesto una primera e tapa de piró lisis rápida a 500 º C en un reactor spouted bed cónico y una segunda etapa catal í tica de r eformado con vapor en lí nea en un lecho fluidizado, con el fin de optimizar la temperatura y el tiempo espacial de la segunda etapa

Valoración de bio-oil completo por craqueo catalítico en condiciones de la unidad FCC de refinería

351 p.

Valorización catalítica del liquido de pirólisis de neumáticos para la producción de combustibles

Desarrollo de modelos cinéticos para las reacciones de hidrodesulfuración del líquido de pirólisis de neumáticos.

Proceso de pirólisis y reformado en línea para la producción de H2 a partir de residuos plásticos

266 p.