34 resultados para Simbiótico


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Tese de doutoramento, Belas-Artes (Design de Equipamento), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Belas-Artes, 2014

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos da inclusão de enzima e simbiótico nas rações de frangos de corte criados nos sistemas convencional e alternativo sobre o desempenho, rendimento de carcaça, cortes e gordura abdominal e também avaliar economicamente o uso destes aditivos em ambos os sistemas de criação. Foram utilizados 720 pintos machos Cobb, com um dia de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados no esquema fatorial 2x3, com dois sistemas de criação: convencional (com promotor de crescimento) e alternativo (sem promotor de crescimento) e três aditivos: sem outro aditivo (SA), com simbiótico (SI) e com enzima + simbiótico (SIE), com 4 repetições de 30 aves cada. Aos 42 dias de idade, o fator de produção (FP) foi menor (P<0,05) para aves SA (324), quando comparadas às tratadas com SI (334) e SIE (337). Aves criadas no sistema convencional apresentaram maior (P<0,05) FP (338), quando comparadas às do sistema de criação alternativo (325). No sistema alternativo, a conversão alimentar foi melhor (P<0,05) para aves SI (1,77), quando comparadas às SIE (1,82) e SA (1,85). O uso de SI e SIE favorece o desempenho dos frangos aos 42 dias de idade e não influencia o rendimento de carcaça, cortes e gordura abdominal, tanto no sistema convencional como no alternativo, sendo que estes aditivos aumentam os custos de produção em ambos os sistemas. O sistema alternativo de criação proporciona maior retorno econômico, apesar do menor fator de produção.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The objective of this study was to assess the performance, tonic immobility time (TIT), intensity of injuries (II) and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (H:L) by the addition of the symbiotic and plant extract (Aloe vera and Symphytum officinale) to the diet of Japanese quails. Ninety quails were used, distributed in randomized blocks with 3 treatments (0-control; 250 and 750 mg symbiotic and plant extract/kg of diet), five repetitions and six birds per cage. Feed intake, feed conversion, production and weight of eggs, viability, TIT, II and H:L were evaluated. Results showed that the addition of the product to the diet did not affect the performance, however, it decreased the TIT, II and the H:L of quails which received the highest level of the product in the diet. Thus, the use of symbiotic and plant extract in the diet has been promising regarding the behavioral and physiological parameters, decreasing the stress of the animals, mainly for the level of 750 mg/kg diet.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Avaliou-se o efeito da utilização de lodo de esgoto, como fonte de fósforo, na fixação do N2 e na produção da soja. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em duas etapas: uma sob condição de casa de vegetação e outra a campo. Em casa-devegetação, oito tratamentos foram impostos: sem fertilização ou aplicação de lodo, adubação química completa, inoculação com rizóbio mais fertilização fosfatada, inoculação com rizóbio sem adição de adubos fosfatados, inoculação mais dose 1 de lodo, inoculação mais dose 2 de lodo, sem inoculação mais dose 1 de lodo, sem inoculação mais dose 2 de lodo. As doses 1 e 2 corresponderam, respectivamente, a 11.2 e 22,4 t ha-1 (base úmida). O experimento a campo foi constituído dos seguintes tratamentos: ausência de adubação química ou lodo, adubação química completa, inoculação mais dose 0 de lodo, inoculação mais dose 1 de lodo, inoculação mais dose 2 de lodo, inoculação mais dose 3 de lodo, inoculação mais adubação química, exceto a nitrogenada. As doses 1, 2 e 3 de lodo, corresponderam a 1,5, 3,0 e 6,0 t ha-1 (base seca), respectivamente. Os experimentos demonstraram que a necessidade de P na cultura da soja pode ser suprida por meio da aplicação de pequenas doses de lodo de esgoto, sem prejuízo para o processo simbiótico ou mesmo para a produção.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O presente trabalho tem como objectivo contribuir para o aprofundamento de estudos vocacionados para a evolução do mundo material enquanto factor determinante para o futuro do Planeta, do Homem e dos seus artifícios. Sendo o tema central da investigação o Design Industrial enquanto mediador incontornável dessa relação, os conceitos de Design Biónico, de Design Natural, de Biodesign e de Design Simbiótico, assim como as metodologias a si inerentes, assumem-se como protagonistas do estudo desenvolvido. A tese é composta por um primeiro capítulo introdutório onde se define o seu objecto de estudo e se apresentam as linhas condutoras da investigação. O segundo capítulo é dedicado ao enquadramento teórico dos temas a abordar, nomeadamente o conceito de “artifício” considerando os seus tradicionais e novos significados e aplicações e a História do Design Industrial numa perspectiva que considera a evolução da indústria e da disciplina nesse contexto. No terceiro capítulo desenvolve-se a análise das propostas conceptuais e metodológicas dos designers Victor Papanek, Luigi Colani e Paulo Parra, por recurso específico, respectivamente, aos pressupostos inscritos em Design Biónico, Design Natural, Biodesign e Design Simbiótico, perseguindo-se como objectivo a sua sistematização em conteúdos passíveis de contribuírem para novas investigações/aplicações, nomeadamente no âmbito daquilo que a autora designa como Inovação Tecnológica na Concepção e EcoBio-Inovação.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Coral reefs are of utmost ecological and economical importance but are currently in global decline due to climate change and anthropogenic disturbances. Corals, as well as other cnidarian species, live in symbiosis with photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium. This relationship provides the cnidarian host with alternative metabolic pathways, as the symbionts translocate photosynthetic carbon to the animal. Besides this autotrophic nutrition mode, symbiotic cnidarians also take up organic matter from the environment (heterotrophy). The nutritional balance between auto- and heterotrophy is critical for the functioning, fitness and resilience of the cnidariandinoflagellate symbiosis. New methodological approaches were developed to better understand the role of auto- and heterotrophy in the ecophysiology of cnidarians associated with Symbiodinium, and the ecological implications of this trophic plasticity. Specifically, the new approaches were developed to assess photophysiology, biomass production of the model organism Aiptasia sp. and molecular tools to investigate heterotrophy in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. Using these approaches, we were able to non-invasively assess the photophysiological spatial heterogeneity of symbiotic cnidarians and identify spatial patterns between chlorophyll fluorescence and relative content of chlorophyll a and green-fluorescent proteins. Optimal culture conditions to maximize the biomass production of Aiptasia pallida were identified, as well as their implications on the fatty acid composition of the anemones. Molecular trophic markers were used to determine prey digestion times in symbiotic cnidarians, which vary between 1-3 days depending on prey species, predator species and the feeding history of the predator. This method was also used to demonstrate that microalgae is a potential food source for symbiotic corals. By using a stable isotope approach to assess the trophic ecology of the facultative symbiotic Oculina arbuscula in situ, it was possible to demonstrate the importance of pico- and nanoplanktonic organisms, particularly autotrophic, in the nutrition of symbiotic corals. Finally, we showed the effects of functional diversity of Symbiodinium on the nutritional plasticity of the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. Symbiont identity defines this plasticity through its individual metabolic requirements, capacity to fix carbon, quantity of translocated carbon and the host’s capacity to feed and digest prey.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The utilization and management of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis may improve production and sustainability of the cropping system. For this purpose, native AM fungi (AMF) were sought and tested for their efficiency to increase plant growth by enhanced P uptake and by alleviation of drought stress. Pot experiments with safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and pea (Pisum sativum) in five soils (mostly sandy loamy Luvisols) and field experiments with peas were carried out during three years at four different sites. Host plants were grown in heated soils inoculated with AMF or the respective heat sterilized inoculum. In the case of peas, mutants resistant to AMF colonization were used as non-mycorrhizal controls. The mycorrhizal impact on yields and its components, transpiration, and P and N uptake was studied in several experiments, partly under varying P and N levels and water supply. Screening of native AMF by most probable number bioassays was not very meaningful. Soil monoliths were placed in the open to simulate field conditions. Inoculation with a native AMF mix improved grain yield, shoot and leaf growth variables as compared to control. Exposed to drought, higher soil water depletion of mycorrhizal plants resulted in a haying-off effect. The growth response to this inoculum could not be significantly reproduced in a subsequent open air pot experiment at two levels of irrigation and P fertilization, however, safflower grew better at higher P and water supply by multiples. The water use efficiency concerning biomass was improved by the AMF inoculum in the two experiments. Transpiration rates were not significantly affected by AM but as a tendency were higher in non-mycorrhizal safflower. A fundamental methodological problem in mycorrhiza field research is providing an appropriate (negative) control for the experimental factor arbuscular mycorrhiza. Soil sterilization or fungicide treatment have undesirable side effects in field and greenhouse settings. Furthermore, artificial rooting, temperature and light conditions in pot experiments may interfere with the interpretation of mycorrhiza effects. Therefore, the myc- pea mutant P2 was tested as a non-mycorrhizal control in a bioassay to evaluate AMF under field conditions in comparison to the symbiotic isogenetic wild type of var. FRISSON as a new integrative approach. However, mutant P2 is also of nod- phenotype and therefore unable to fix N2. A 3-factorial experiment was carried out in a climate chamber at high NPK fertilization to examine the two isolines under non-symbiotic and symbiotic conditions. P2 achieved the same (or higher) biomass as wild type both under good and poor water supply. However, inoculation with the AMF Glomus manihot did not improve plant growth. Differences of grain and straw yields in field trials were large (up to 80 per cent) between those isogenetic pea lines mainly due to higher P uptake under P and water limited conditions. The lacking N2 fixation in mutants was compensated for by high mineral N supply as indicated by the high N status of the pea mutant plants. This finding was corroborated by the results of a major field experiment at three sites with two levels of N fertilization. The higher N rate did not affect grain or straw yields of the non-fixing mutants. Very efficient AMF were detected in a Ferric Luvisol on pasture land as revealed by yield levels of the evaluation crop and by functional vital staining of highly colonized roots. Generally, levels of grain yield were low, at between 40 and 980 kg ha-1. An additional pot trial was carried out to elucidate the strong mycorrhizal effect in the Ferric Luvisol. A triplication of the plant equivalent field P fertilization was necessary to compensate for the mycorrhizal benefit which was with five times higher grain yield very similar to that found in the field experiment. However, the yield differences between the two isolines were not always plausible as the evaluation variable because they were also found in (small) field test trials with apparently sufficient P and N supply and in a soil of almost no AMF potential. This similarly occurred for pea lines of var. SPARKLE and its non-fixing mycorrhizal (E135) and non-symbiotic (R25) isomutants, which were tested in order to exclude experimentally undesirable benefits by N2 fixation. In contrast to var. FRISSON, SPARKLE was not a suitable variety for Mediterranean field conditions. This raises suspicion putative genetic defects other than symbiotic ones may be effective under field conditions, which would conflict with the concept of an appropriate control. It was concluded that AMF resistant plants may help to overcome fundamental problems of present research on arbuscular mycorrhiza, but may create new ones.