Self-concept, self-esteem and psychopathological symptoms. 'Autoconcepto, autoestima y s??ntomas psicopatol??gicos'

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Self-esteem : skills to build self-work.

Recurso para trabajar los problemas personales y sociales que encuentran los alumnos de enseñanza primaria con miras a la libre creación del valor personal y el establecimiento de resiliencia, capacidad para sobreponerse a las situaciones difíciles. Los temas abordados son: habilidades de autogestión, habilidades interpersonales, toma de decisiones, establecimiento de metas, cooperación, la intimidación y el acoso y conceptos para un estilo de vida saludable. En las actividades, los alumnos aprenden a comparar las experiencias de los personajes imaginarios con su propia vida y evaluar la conveniencia y la eficacia de sus propias conductas. Las actividades son adecuadas para toda la clase, para grupos pequeños o con necesidades especiales.

Self-esteem : skills to build self-worth.

Recurso para trabajar los problemas personales y sociales que encuentran los alumnos de enseñanza primaria con miras a la libre creación del valor personal y el establecimiento de resiliencia, capacidad para sobreponerse a las situaciones difíciles. Los temas abordados son: habilidades de autogestión, habilidades interpersonales, toma de decisiones, establecimiento de metas, cooperación, la intimidación y el acoso y conceptos para un estilo de vida saludable. En las actividades, los alumnos aprenden a comparar las experiencias de los personajes imaginarios con su propia vida y evaluar la conveniencia y la eficacia de sus propias conductas. Las actividades son adecuadas para toda la clase, para grupos pequeños o con necesidades especiales.

Self-esteem :skills to build self-worth.

Recurso para trabajar los problemas personales y sociales que encuentran los alumnos de enseñanza primaria con miras a la libre creación del valor personal y el establecimiento de resiliencia, capacidad para sobreponerse a las situaciones difíciles. Los temas abordados son: habilidades de autogestión, habilidades interpersonales, toma de decisiones, establecimiento de metas, cooperación, la intimidación y el acoso y conceptos para un estilo de vida saludable. En las actividades, los alumnos aprenden a comparar las experiencias de los personajes imaginarios con su propia vida y evaluar la conveniencia y la eficacia de sus propias conductas. Las actividades son adecuadas para toda la clase, para grupos pequeños o con necesidades especiales.

Do child cochlear implant users who are perceived unfavorably as communication partners have poor self-esteem?

This paper examines self-esteem issues with children who wear a cochlear implant.

Self-esteem and coping in children with developmental coordination disorder

This study investigated self-esteem in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Fifteen children between the ages of 8 and 12 years diagnosed with DCD were compared with a typically developing group comprising 30 children with average and good motor abilities, using measures of perceived competence, social support and self-esteem. The types of coping strategy generated in response to example vignettes were also compared. There was no significant difference between the groups in global self-esteem, but the children with DCD reported lower athletic and scholastic competence than their typically developing peers. No difference was found between the groups in level of perceived social support. The DCD group generated fewer coping strategies overall, but more passive and avoidant strategies than the typically developing children. The implications of the study are discussed with regard to future research directions, such as the investigation of the effects of motor skill intervention on self-esteem and the development of strategies to protect children's self-esteem.

Cognitive behaviour therapy for low self-esteem: A preliminary randomized controlled trial in a primary care setting

Background and Objectives Low self-esteem (LSE) is associated with psychiatric disorder, and is distressing and debilitating in its own right. Hence, it is frequent target for treatment in cognitive behavioural interventions, yet it has rarely been the primary focus for intervention. This paper reports on a preliminary randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for LSE using Fennell’s (1997) cognitive conceptualisation and transdiagnostic treatment approach ( [Fennell, 1997] and [Fennell, 1999]). Methods Twenty-two participants were randomly allocated to either immediate treatment (IT) (n = 11) or to a waitlist condition (WL) (n = 11). Treatment consisted of 10 sessions of individual CBT accompanied by workbooks. Participants allocated to the WL condition received the CBT intervention once the waitlist period was completed and all participants were followed up 11 weeks after completing CBT. Results The IT group showed significantly better functioning than the WL group on measures of LSE, overall functioning and depression and had fewer psychiatric diagnoses at the end of treatment. The WL group showed the same pattern of response to CBT as the group who had received CBT immediately. All treatment gains were maintained at follow-up assessment. Limitations The sample size is small and consists mainly of women with a high level of educational attainment and the follow-up period was relatively short. Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that a focused, brief CBT intervention can be effective in treating LSE and associated symptoms and diagnoses in a clinically representative group of individuals with a range of different and co-morbid disorders.

Cognitive-behavior therapy for low self-esteem: a case example

Low self-esteem is a common, disabling, and distressing problem that has been shown to be involved in the etiology and maintenance of range of Axis I disorders. Hence, it is a priority to develop effective treatments for low self-esteem. A cognitive-behavioral conceptualization of low self-esteem has been proposed and a cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) program described (Fennell, 1997, 1999). As yet there has been no systematic evaluation of this treatment with routine clinical populations. The current case report describes the assessment, formulation, and treatment of a patient with low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety symptoms. At the end of treatment (12 sessions over 6 months), and at 1-year follow-up, the treatment showed large effect sizes on measures of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. The patient no longer met diagnostic criteria for any psychiatric disorder, and showed reliable and clinically significant change on all measures. As far as we are aware, there are no other published case studies of CBT for low self-esteem that report pre- and posttreatment evaluations, or follow-up data. Hence, this case provides an initial contribution to the evidence base for the efficacy of CBT for low self-esteem. However, further research is needed to confirm the efficacy of CBT for low self-esteem and to compare its efficacy and effectiveness to alternative treatments, including diagnosis-specific CBT protocols.

Self-esteem and negative affect as moderators of sociocultural influences on body dissatisfaction, strategies to decrease weight and strategies to increase muscles among adolescent boys and girls

The study was conducted to examine the impact of sociocultural influences and the moderating role of self-esteem and negative affect on body dissatisfaction and body change strategies for both adolescent boys and girls. Surveys designed to assess body dissatisfaction, body change strategies to decrease weight and increase muscles, perceived sociocultural pressures to lose weight and increase muscles, self-esteem and negative affect were administered to 587 boys and 598 girls aged between 11 and 15 years. The majority of respondents were from Anglo-Australian backgrounds (83%) with the remainder being from Asian and European non-English-speaking backgrounds. The sociocultural influences were found to significantly predict body dissatisfaction and body change strategies for both boys and girls. However, in the case of boys, self-esteem was found to moderate the impact of the sociocultural influences in predicting body change strategies. It was primarily the boys with low self-esteem who were more affected by the sociocultural pressures whereas the girls were affected independently of their self-esteem. Negative affect was also found to play a moderating role on some of the sociocultural influences in predicting strategies to increase muscles. Both boys and girls with higher levels of negative affect were more likely to be affected by sociocultural messages directed at increasing muscles. The results from the present study demonstrate that as well as examining the direct influence of sociocultural pressures, it is also important to examine how these may be moderated by self-esteem and negative affect.

Predicting self-esteem during unemployment: the effect of gender, financial deprivation, alternate roles, and social support

Two hundred and one unemployed men and women participated in a cross-sectional study that assessed self-esteem, financial deprivation, number of alternate roles, and use of social support. Financial deprivation, alternate roles, and social support each had a main effect on self-esteem. In addition, these variables interacted with gender to affect self-esteem. Specifically, financial deprivation had a greater negative association with self-esteem in men as compared with women. In contrast, alternate roles and social support had a stronger positive relationship to self-esteem in women than in men. The incorporation of these findings into intervention programs for unemployed persons is discussed.

Subjective quality of life and self-esteem in children: the role of primary and secondary control in coping with everyday stress

Two major predictors of subjective quality oflife (SQOL) in adults are known to beself-esteem and a sense of primary control.Moreover, secondary control is known to be animportant defence strategy when primary controlfails. This study aimed to determine whetherthese relationships also apply to children. Asample of 66 children aged from 5 to 12 yearswere compared on their use of primary andsecondary control and on their ratings of SQOLand self-esteem. SQOL was measured using theComprehensive Quality of Life Scale,self-esteem by using the CoopersmithSelf-Esteem Inventory, and primary andsecondary control were measured by codingchildren's responses to three short video clipsof children in stressful situations. It wasfound that younger children use more primarycontrol and less secondary control than olderchildren. However, five year olds were foundcapable of producing secondary controlstrategies. Contrary to expectation, primaryand secondary control did not predict eitherself-esteem or SQOL. However, self-esteempredicted SQOL as expected and no sexdifferences were found. These findingsemphasise important differences from the adultliterature and the reasons for this arediscussed.

Mood and self-esteem of persons with multiple sclerosis following an exacerbation

ObjectiveThis study was designed to determine the impact of an exacerbation in the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) on the mood and self-esteem of persons with MS over an 18-month period.MethodsParticipants were 243 (80 males and 163 females) persons with MS and 184 (56 males and 128 female) persons from the general population. Information was obtained about coping styles, mood, and self-esteem among all respondents at Time 1, Time 2 (6 months later), and Time 3 (18 months later).ResultsThe results demonstrated that both groups of persons with MS experienced poorer mood levels than the general population, with the exacerbation group showing the highest levels of anxiety and confusion. Coping strategies did not predict mood in either of the MS groups.ConclusionThe findings of this study demonstrate that persons with MS experience significant problems with their mood states. However, respondents need to be tracked over a longer period to further explore the role of coping strategies in the adjustment of persons with MS

Ignatian spirituality and the rebuilding of self-esteem

Of all the relationships in my life, one that has been among the most difficult is the relationship with myself; overcoming low self-confidence is an ongoing struggle. One might contend that self-denigration is a form of self-mutilation, and at times it has been a powerfully destructive force in my life. All too often, low self-esteem has limited the opportunities available to me, and has had an impact on the relationships with significant others in my life, including God. It has even been suggested that it has been one of the inordinateattachments from which I have needed liberating (Exx 23). While the problem is now much less severe than it has been, maintaining a functional level of self-esteem requires ongoing effort. In this paper, it is my aim to tell of my own journey into Ignatian prayer, using illustrations from my own journals, and to explain why it has become important in my efforts to preserve a sense of my own value.