Melhoria energética do sector de soda leve conforme a nova metodologia manufacturing excellence solvay Portugal

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica

Bagasse Fractionation by the Soda Process

The soda process was the first chemical pulping method and was patented in 1845. Soda pulping led to kraft pulping, which involves the combined use of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide. Today, kraft pulping dominates the chemical pulping industry. However, about 10% of the total chemical pulp produced in the world is made using non-wood material, such as bagasse and wheat straw. The soda process is the preferred method of chemical pulping of non-wood materials, because it is considered to be economically viable on a small scale and for bagasse is compatible with sugarcane processing. With recent developments, the soda process can be designed to produce minimal effluent discharge and the fouling of evaporators by silica precipitation. The aim of this work is to produce bagasse fibres suitable for papermaking and allied applications and to produce sulfur-free lignin for use in specialty applications. A preliminary economic analysis of the soda process for producing commodity silica, lignin and pulp for papermaking is presented.

Chemical and thermal properties of fractionated bagasse soda lignin

A major challenge of the 21st century will be to generate transportation fuels using feedstocks such as lignocellulosic waste materials as a substitute for existing fossil and nuclear fuels. The advantages of lignocellulosics as a feedstock material are that they are abundant, sustainable and carbon-neutral. To improve the economics of producing liquid transportation fuels from lignocellulosic biomass, the development of value-added products from lignin, a major component of lignocellulosics, is necessary. Lignins produced from black liquor through the fractionation of sugarcane bagasse with soda and organic solvents have been characterised by physical, chemical and thermal means. The soda lignin fractions have different physico-chemical and thermal properties from one another. Some of these properties have been compared to bagasse lignin extracted with aqueous ethanol.

Comparison of ZnO films deposited on indium tin oxide and soda lime glass under identical conditions

ZnO films have been grown via a vapour phase transport (VPT) on soda lime glass (SLG) and indium-tin oxide (ITO) coated glass. ZnO film on ITO had traces of Zn and C which gives them a dark appearance while that appears yellowish-white on SLG. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies confirm the traces of C in the form of C-O. The photoluminescence studies reveal a prominent green luminescence band for ZnO film on ITO. (C) 2013 Author(s).

Direct correlation between non-random distribution of cations and ion transport mechanism in soda-lime silicate glasses

We report a direct correlation between dissimilar ion pair formation and alkali ion transport in soda-lime silicate glasses established via broad band conductivity spectroscopy and local structural probe techniques. The combined Raman and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques on these glasses reveal the coexistence of different anionic species and the prevalence of Na+-Ca2+ dissimilar pairs as well as their distributions. The spectroscopic results further confirm the formation of dissimilar pairs atomistically, where it increases with increasing alkaline-earth oxide content These results, are the manifestation of local structural changes in the silicate network with composition which give rise to different environments into which the alkali ions hop. The Na+ ion mobility varies inversely with dissimilar pair formation, i.e. it decreases with increase of non-random formation of dissimilar pairs. Remarkably, we found that increased degree of non-randomness leads to temperature dependent variation in number density of sodium ions. Furthermore, the present study provides the strong link between the dynamics of the alkali ions and different sites associated with it in soda-lime silicate glasses. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Estudio de la eficacia y seguridad de un dispositivo intraoral de avance mandibular en pacientes roncadores habituales con síndrome de apnea-hipopnea de carácter leve-moderado

184 p. : il.

Incidencia y factores asociados a la hemorragia intracraneal en pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico leve

198 p.

Definição de um processo de software leve.

Princípios do processo de software leve. Pouca burocracia e adaptação às características dos projetos. Diretrizes básicas de gerência de projetos e de configuaração. Gerência de projeto. Gerência de configuração. Definição das diretrizes básicas e do processo de auditoria. Disseminação de uma linguagem de definição de representações de software. Uso de ferramentas de domínio público. Teste de frequente e cedo. Ações para implantação do processo de software leve. Definição das diretrizes básicas e de auditoria do processo. Identificação das boas praticas da Embrapa Informática Agropecuária. Disseminação do processo de software leve. Trabalhos relacionados.

Adaptación curricular para el área de matemática: dificultades cognitivas (síndrome de Down con retraso mental leve)

Este trabajo incluye una propuesta de adaptación curricular para un alumno/a de 3ºESO para el área de matemáticas.Como en toda adpatación curricular, se proponen recursos,medidas metodológicas, contenidos, objetivos, criterios de evaluación para permitir el acceso al currículo a dicho alumno.

Análise dos modos de falha e seus efeitos (FMEA) aplicada a um secador industrial

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Sustentabilidade da construção de habitação social com recurso a liga metálica leve

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil - Perfil Construção