930 resultados para Saliva


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The monitoring of oral disease is important, not alone for oral health, but for the detection and prevention of
systemic disease. The link between oral health and systemic disease is the focus of many studies, with
indications emerging of a causal link [1]. For disease diagnostics, blood has typically been the fluid of choice
for analysis, the retrieval of which is invasive and therefore unsuitable for wearable technology. Analysis of
saliva, however, is less invasive than that of blood, requires little or no pre-treatment and is abundantly
available. A strong correlation has been found between the analytes of blood and saliva [2] with saliva
containing biomarkers for diseases such as diabetes, oral cancer and cardiovascular disease. The development of
an implantable multi-parametric wireless sensor, to monitor both salivary analytes and changes in gingival
temperature, is the aim of this research project.
The aim of our current study is to detect changes in salivary pH, using a gold electrode with a pHsensitive
iridium oxide layer, and an Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor probe. Characterisation studies were
carried out in artificial saliva (AS). A salivary pH of between 4.5pH-7.5pH [3], and gingival temperature
between 35°C-38°C [4], were identified as the target range of interest for the human oral environment. Sensor
measurements were recorded in solutions of varying pH and temperature. An ISFET probe was then implanted
into a prototype denture and characterised in AS. This study demonstrates the suitability of ISFET and gold
electrode pH sensors for incorporation into implantable oral sensors.
[1] G. Taylor and W. Borgnakke, “Periodontal disease: associations with diabetes, glycemic control and
complications,” Oral Dis., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 191–203, Apr. 2008.
[2] E. Tékus, M. Kaj, E. Szabó, N. L. Szénási, I. Kerepesi, M. Figler, R. Gábriel, and M. Wilhelm,
“Comparison of blood and saliva lactate level after maximum intensity exercise,” Acta Biol. Hung., vol. 63
Suppl 1, pp. 89–98, 2012.
[3] S. Naveen, M. L. Asha, G. Shubha, A. Bajoria, and A. Jose, “Salivary Flow Rate, pH and Buffering
Capacity in Pregnant and Non Pregnant Women - A Comparative Study,” JMED Res., pp. 1–8, Feb. 2014.
[4] A. F. Holthuis and F. S. Chebib, “Observations on temperature and temperature patterns of the gingiva. I.
The effect of arch, region and health,” J. Periodontol., vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 624–628, Oct. 1983

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Animal models have been developed for the study of rickettsial pathogenesis. However, to understand what occurs during the natural route of rickettsial transmission via the tick bite, the role of tick saliva should be considered in these models. To address this, we analysed the role of tick saliva in the transmission of Rickettsia conorii (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) in a murine host by intradermally (i.d.) inoculating two groups of susceptible C3H/HeJ mice with this Rickettsia, and infesting one group with nymphal Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Ixodida: Ixodidae) ticks. Quantification of bacterial loads and mRNA levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-10 and NF-κB was performed in C3H/HeJ lung samples by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, respectively. Lung histology was examined to evaluate the pathological manifestations of infection. No statistically significant difference in bacterial load in the lungs of mice was observed between these two groups; however, a statistically significant difference was observed in levels of IL-1β and NF-κB, both of which were higher in the group inoculated with rickettsiae but not infected with ticks. Lung histology in both groups of animals revealed infiltration of inflammatory cells. Overall, this study showed that i.d. inoculation of R. conorii caused infection in the lungs of C3H/HeJ mice and tick saliva inhibited proinflammatory effects.

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas con Especialidad en Periodoncia) U.A.N.L. Facultad de Odontología, 2001.

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas con Especialidad en Periodoncia) UANL, 2012.

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We present a comparative study between LC/MALDI/MS/MS and LC/ESI/MS/MS. Diagnostic biomarkers in saliva have been identified for monitoring caries, periodontitis, oral cancer, salivary gland diseases, and systemic disorders e.g. hepatitis and HIV[1]. Saliva is similar to serum in that there are a small number of highly abundant proteins and many low abundance proteins. There are 35 previously identified salivary proteins [1-4]. We prepared a representative sample of cysteine containing peptides and oxidised them to improve their fragmentation under MALDI conditions. In total 20 proteins were identified with 6 been identified by both methods. Surprisingly there was little overlap in the peptides used to identify the proteins between the two methods

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As leishmanioses caracterizam-se por um espectro de doenças distribuídas endemicamente em regiões tropicais e subtropicais do mundo. A obtenção de material biológico para análise diagnóstica apresenta cuidados cruciais ao paciente, por se tratar de um processo invasivo, passível de inflamação, e podendo haver reativação da doença, em alguns casos. Diante do avanço das técnicas moleculares e da utilização de alguns fluidos biológicos para o diagnóstico da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA), cogitou-se a possibilidade da identificação de DNA de Leishmania spp. em saliva através do método de coleta de swab, sendo contribuinte para o avanço no diagnóstico laboratorial. Assim, o propósito do estudo foi a identificação de DNA de Leishmania spp. a partir do diagnóstico molecular. Foram incluídos no estudo os pacientes que apresentaram lesões ativas, diagnósticos clínicos para LTA, antecedentes epidemiológicos compatíveis e não possuíam lesões cutâneo mucosas. O diagnóstico laboratorial envolveu a abordagem parasitológica através da pesquisa direta do parasito em amostras escarificadas de lesões, enquanto que o molecular compreendeu a extração do DNA das amostras de biópsia e swab salivar, seguidas da reação de PCR convencional (cPCR) e PCR em tempo real (qPCR). Foram investigados 40 pacientes com LTA havendo ocorrência de DNA do parasito em 10 amostras de saliva com cPCR, e 36 amostras utilizando qPCR. Em 28 amostras de biópsias também foi possível a detecção do DNA de Leishmania spp. e em 35 amostras de escarificado de lesão foram encontradas formas amastigotas do parasito, através de pesquisa direta. Na comparação entre os métodos propostos, a biópsia apresentou uma média de 50 por cento de compatibilidade em relação a cPCR e 67,5 por cento para a qPCR. A análise comparativa observou entre o diagnóstico parasitológico e os diagnósticos moleculares uma concordância de 32,5 por cento (14/40) em relação a cPCR, enquanto que a qPCR obteve 75,5 por cento (31/40) de concordância. Considerando a sensibilidade das técnicas de PCR utilizadas e o procedimento de coleta, através de swab advindo de fluidos salivares, os resultados demonstram a viabilidade do método de coleta de Leishmania spp. como uma nova abordagem diagnóstica auxiliar para a LTA, com benefícios à saúde do paciente

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Introduction: Orthodontic tooth movement uses mechanical forces that result in inflammation in the first days. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme found in polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) granules, and it is used to estimate the number of PMN granules in tissues. So far, MPO has not been used to study the inflammatory alterations after the application of orthodontic tooth movement forces. The aim of this study was to determine MPO activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva (whole stimulated saliva) of orthodontic patients at different time points after fixed appliance activation. Methods: MPO was determined in the GCF and collected by means of periopaper from the saliva of 14 patients with orthodontic fixed appliances. GCF and saliva samples were collected at baseline, 2 hours, and 7 and 14 days after application of the orthodontic force. Results: Mean MPO activity was increased in both the GCF and saliva of orthodontic patients at 2 hours after appliance activation (P<0.02 for all comparisons). At 2 hours, PMN infiltration into the periodontal ligament from the orthodontic force probably results in the increased MPO level observed at this time point. Conclusions: MPO might be a good marker to assess inflammation in orthodontic movement; it deserves further studies in orthodontic therapy. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138:613-6)

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The biocompatibility of commercially pure (cp) titanium stems from its chemical stability within an organism, due to a fine film of impermeable titanium oxide covering the metal surface, which guarantees its resistance to corrosion. Despite its biocompatible characteristic, this material does not promote the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer, therefore, many research groups have sought to alter the material`s surface, introducing modifications that might influence corrosion resistance. The electrochemical behavior of cp Ti, with hydroxyapatite coating and without hydroxyapatite coating, commonly used in implant materials, was investigated using an artificial saliva solution at 25 degrees C and pH=7.4. In the conditions of the study it was observed that the hydroxyapatite layer influences the properties of corrosion resistance. This study of the behavior of cp Ti with and without hydroxyapatite coating, in naturally aerated artificial saliva solution at 25 degrees C, was based on open circuit potential measurements and potentiodynamic polarization curves. At approximately 1x10(-6) A/cm(2) the potential for cp Ti with and without hydroxyapatite coating begins to increase at a faster rate, but at -74mV (SCE) for coated cp Ti and at 180mV (SCE) for uncoated cp Ti the increase in potential begins to slow. This behavior, characterized by a partial stabilization of current density, indicates that in those potential ranges a protective passive film is formed.

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The objective of the study was to evaluate saliva flow rate, buffer capacity, pH levels, and dental caries experience (DCE) in autistic individuals, comparing the results with a control group (CG). The study was performed on 25 noninstitutionalized autistic boys, divided in two groups. G1 composed of ten children, ages 3-8. G2 composed of 15 adolescents ages 9-13. The CG was composed of 25 healthy boys, randomly selected and also divided in two groups: CG3 composed of 14 children ages 4-8, and CG4 composed of 11 adolescents ages 9-14. Whole saliva was collected under slight suction, and pH and buffer capacity were determined using a digital pHmeter. Buffer capacity was measured by titration using 0.01 N HCl, and the flow rate expressed in ml/min, and the DCE was expressed by decayed, missing, and filled teeth (permanent dentition [DMFT] and primary dentition [dmft]). Data were plotted and submitted to nonparametric (Kruskal-Wallis) and parametric (Student`s t test) statistical tests with a significance level less than 0.05. When comparing G1 and CG3, groups did not differ in flow rate, pH levels, buffer capacity, or DMFT. Groups G2 and CG4 differ significantly in pH (p = 0.007) and pHi = 7.0 (p = 0.001), with lower scores for G2. In autistic individuals aged 3-8 and 9-13, medicated or not, there was no significant statistical difference in flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity. The comparison of DCE among autistic children and CG children with deciduous (dmft) and mixed/permanent decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) did not show statistical difference (p = 0.743). Data suggest that autistic individuals have neither a higher flow rate nor a better buffer capacity. Similar DCE was observed in both groups studied.

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The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of purified Salvia miltiorrhiza extract (PSME) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts. Hearts were excised and perfused at constant flow (7 – 9 ml · min−1) via the aorta. Non-recirculating perfusion with Krebs-Henseleit (KH) solution was maintained at 37°C and continuously gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. KH solution with or without PSME (100 mg per liter solution) was used after 30-min zero-flow ischemia for the PSME and control group, respectively. Left ventricular (LV) developed pressure; its derivatives, diastolic pressure, and so on were continuously recorded via a pressure transducer attached to a polyvinylchloride balloon that was placed in the left ventricle through an incision in the left atrium. PSME treated hearts showed significant postischemic contractile function recovery (developed pressure recovered to 44.2 ± 4.9% versus 17.1 ± 5.7%, P<0.05; maximum contraction recovered to 57.2 ± 5.9% versus 15.1 ± 6.3%, P<0.001; maximum relaxation restored to 69.3 ± 7.3% versus 15.4 ± 6.3%, P<0.001 in the PSME and control group, respectively). Significant elevation in end-diastolic pressure, which indicated LV stiffening in PSME hearts might have resulted from the excess high dose of PSME used. Further study will be conducted on the potential therapeutic value with lower dose of PSME on prevention of ischemic heart disease.

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In the current study, we compared purified Salvia miltiorrhiza extract (PSME) with Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, Ramipril, in in vitro experiments and also in vivo using animal model of myocardial infarction. PSME was found to have a significantly higher trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity which indicated a great capacity for scavenging free radicals. PSME could also prevent pyrogallo red bleaching and DNA damage.

After 2 weeks treatment with PSME or Ramipril, survival rates of rats with experimental myocardial infarction were marginally increased (68.2% and 71.4%) compared with saline (61.5%). The ratios of infarct size to left ventricular size in both PSME-and Ramipril-treated rats were significantly less than that in the saline-treated group. Activity of cardiac antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significant higher while level of Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) was lower in the PSME treated group. Purified and standardized Chinese herb could provide an alternative regimen for the prevention of ischemic heart disease.

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The nature of intestinal absorption of most herbal medicine is unknown. Cryptotanshinone (CTS) is the principal active constituent of the widely used cardiovascular herb Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen). We investigated the oral bioavailability of CTS in rats and the mechanism for its intestinal absorption using several in vitro and in vivo models:1) Caco-2 cell monolayers; 2) monolayers of MDCKII cells overexpressing P-glycoprotein
(PgP); and 3) single-pass rat intestinal perfusion with mesenteric vein cannulation. The systemic bioavailabilities of CTS after oral and intraperitoneal administration at 100 mg/kg were 2.05 and 10.60%, respectively. In the perfused rat intestinal model, permeability coefficients based on CTS disappearance from the luminal perfusate (Plumen) were 6.7- to 10.3-fold higher than permeability coefficients based on drug appearance in venous blood (Pblood). Pblood significantly increased in the presence of the P-gP inhibitor, verapamil. CTS transport across Caco-2 monolayers was pH-, temperature- and ATP-dependent. The transport from the apical (AP) to the basolateral (BL) side was 3- to 9-fold lower than that from the BL to the AP side. Inclusion of verapamil (50 µM) in both AP and BL sides abolished the polarized CTS transport across Caco-2 cells. Moreover, CTS was significantly more permeable in the BL to AP than in the AP to BL direction in MDCKII and MDR1-MDCKII cells. The permeability coefficients in the BL to AP direction were significantly higher in MDCKII cells overexpressing PgP. These findings indicate that CTS is a substrate for PgP that can pump CTS into the luminal side.