Atmosfera modificada e aplicação de cloreto de cálcio em caqui Giombo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Health and medicinal benefits of persimmon fruit: A review

The anti-oxidant activity of persimmon fruit appears to be mainly due to its high-molecular-weight tannin content. Antioxidant activity is variety specific with some astringent varieties showing very high antioxidant activity, comparable to strawberry and blueberry. In vitro, and limited animal studies, have shown that condensed tannins in the fruit may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and a wide range of cancers. Persimmon has an unusual property in that it appears to alter and reduce the rate of alcohol absorption and metabolism and thus ameliorate the symptoms of a hangover. The health and medicinal benefits of persimmon are considerable and should be further researched and promoted by persimmon industries around the world.

Premature fruit softening, a major physiological problem of persimmon in subtropical Australia.

Premature or abnormal softening of persimmon fruit within 3-7 days after harvest is a major physiological problem of non-astringent persimmon cultivars grown in subtropical regions of Australia. Up to 30% of consignments may soften rapidly frequently overnight, often resulting in the flesh becoming very soft, completely translucent, and impossible to handle. Incidence of premature soft fruit can vary with season and production location. To study the incidence of this problem, we conducted surveys of fruit harvested from five environmentally-diverse regions of Australia over a two-year period. We found wide variation in the rate of both premature softening and normal softening with differences of up 37 days between orchards in percentage of fruit reaching 50% soft. We found that the rate of fruit softening was exacerbated by lower calcium concentrations at fruit set, shorter fruit development periods and heavier rainfall during the fruit development period. The implications of our findings, in terms of orchard management, export and domestic marketing strategies are discussed.

Sweet Persimmon Information Kit. Agrilink, your growing guide to better farming guide

Each Agrilink kit has been designed to be both comprehensive and practical. As the kits are arranged to answer questions of increasing complexity, they are useful references for both new and experienced producers of specific crops. Agrilink integrates the technology of horticultural production with the management of horticultural enterprises. REPRINT INFORMATION - PLEASE READ! For updated information please call 13 25 23 or visit the website www.deedi.qld.gov.au (Select: Queensland Industries – Agriculture link) This publication has been reprinted as a digital book without any changes to the content published in 2005. We advise readers to take particular note of the areas most likely to be out-of-date and so requiring further research: see detailed information on first page of the kit. Even with these limitations we believe this information kit provides important and valuable information for intending and existing growers. This publication was last revised in 2005. The information is not current and the accuracy of the information cannot be guaranteed by the State of Queensland. This information has been made available to assist users to identify issues involved in the production of sweet persimmon. This information is not to be used or relied upon by users for any purpose which may expose the user or any other person to loss or damage. Users should conduct their own inquiries and rely on their own independent professional advice. While every care has been taken in preparing this publication, the State of Queensland accepts no responsibility for decisions or actions taken as a result of any data, information, statement or advice, expressed or implied, contained in this publication.

Scoping study: management options for mealybug in persimmon

Mealybug contamination is a major hurdle for access to profitable export markets. This project seeks to review worldwide research into management options for mealybug in persimmon and other cropping systems.

First report of shoot blight of persimmon caused by Diaporthe neotheicola in Australia

Shoot blight symptom was found on persimmon (Diospyros kaki) in southern Western Australia in December 2010. The pathogen was isolated and identified as Diaporthe neotheicola on the basis of morphology, sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF). A pathogenicity test was conducted and Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re-isolation of the fungus from diseased tissues. This is the first report of D. neotheicola causing shoot blight on persimmon in Australia and worldwide. © 2012 Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc.

Activated carbon + HFC 134a based two stage thermal compression adsorption refrigeration using low grade thermal energy sources

A thermodynamic analysis is presented for the two stage thermal compression process for an adsorption refrigeration cycle with HFC-134a as the working fluid and activated carbon as the adsorbent. Three specimens of varying achievable packing densities were evaluated. The influence of evaporating, condensing/adsorption and desorption temperatures was assessed through three performance indicators, namely,the uptake efficiency, the coefficient of performance and the exergetic efficiency. Conditions under which a two stage thermal compression process performs better than the single stage unit are identified. It is concluded that two stage thermal compression will be a viable proposition when the heat source temperature is low or when adsorption characteristics are weak or when adequate packing densities are difficult to realize. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Performance studies on mechanical + adsorption hybrid compression refrigeration cycles with HFC 134a

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the efficacy of hybrid compression process for refrigerant HFC 134a in cooling applications. The conventional mechanical compression is supplemented by thermal compression using a string of adsorption compressors. Activated carbon is the adsorbent for the thermal compression segment. The alternatives of bottoming either mechanical or thermal compression stages are investigated. It is shown that almost 40% energy saving is realizable by carrying out a part of the compression in a thermal compressor compared to the case when the entire compression is carried out in a single-stage mechanical compressor. The hybrid compression is feasible even when low grade heat is available. Some performance indictors are defined and evaluated for various configurations.

Calorimetry In Vapor Absorption And Binary Mixture Vapor Compression Refrigeration And Heatpump Systems

The use of binary fluid systems in thermally driven vapour absorption and mechanically driven vapour compression refrigeration and heatpump cycles has provided an impetus for obtaining experimental date on caloric properties of such fluid mixtures. However, direct measurements of these properties are somewhat scarce in spite of the calorimetric techniques described in the literature being quite adequate. Most of the design data are derived through calculations using theoretical models and vapour-liquid equilibrium data. This article addresses the choice of working fluids and the current status on the data availability vis-a-vis engineering applications. Particular emphasis is on organic working fluid pairs.

A comparative-study of vapor-compression refrigeration working fluids, in the wake of the montreal protocal

A comparative study has been carried out of R-12, 22, 125, 134a, 152a, 218, 245, 500, 502, 507 and 717 as working fluids in a vapour-compression refrigeration system. Two performance parameters were defined, which are expressed in reduced quantities for a corresponding-states comparison of these refrigerants in the temperature range -20 to 50-degrees-C. One is based on the product of temperature drop to pressure penalty ratio and the available volumetric heat of vaporisation at the evaporator; the other considers the effect of isentropic compression in the ideal gas state. It was shown that R-125, 507 and 218 could be better alternatives to R-12 than R-134a. Among these, R-218 has a lower maximum cycle pressure.

Robust controller for an autonomous small refrigeration unit

The authors describe the constructional features of a controller for operating an autonomous refrigeration unit powered by a field of photovoltaic panels and backed up by a generator set. The controller enables three voltage levels of operation of an inverter to meet the start, run and off cycle conditions of the refrigerator compressor. The algorithm considers several input and output parameters and status signals from each subsystem of the unit to deduce a control strategy. Such units find application for storage of vaccines and life-saving medicines requiring uninterrupted refrigeration, in medical shops, rural health centres, veterinary laboratories etc.

Exergetic analysis of carbon dioxide vapour compression refrigeration cycle using the new fundamental equation of state

The purpose of this paper is to present exergy charts for carbon dioxide (CO2) based on the new fundamental equation of state and the results of a thermodynamic analysis of conventional and trans-critical vapour compression refrigeration cycles using the data thereof. The calculation scheme is anchored on the Mathematica platform. There exist upper and lower bounds for the high cycle pressure for a given set of evaporating and pre-throttling temperatures. The maximum possible exergetic efficiency for each case was determined. Empirical correlations for exergetic efficiency and COP, valid in the range of temperatures studied here, are obtained. The exergy losses have been quantified. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dilution refrigeration and a calorimetric measurement of the quadruple coupling constant in rhenium metal

A dilution refrigerator has been constructed capable of producing steady state temperatures less than .075°K. The first part of this work is concerned with the design and construction of this machine. Enough theory is presented to allow one to understand the operation and critical design factors of a dilution refrigerator. The performance of our refrigerator is compared with the operating characteristics of three other dilution refrigerators appearing in the present literature.

The dilution refrigerator constructed was used to measure the nuclear contribution to the low temperature specific heat of a pure, single-crystalline sample of rhenium metal. Measurements were made in magnetic fields from 0 to 12.5 kOe for the temperature range .13°K - .52°K. The second part of this work discusses the results of these experiments. The expected nuclear contribution is not found when the sample is in the superconducting state. This is believed to be due to the long spin-lattice relaxation times in superconductors. In the normal state, for the temperature range studied, the nuclear contribution is given by A/T² where A = .061 ± .002 millijoules-K/mole. The value of A is found to increase to A = .077 ± .004 millijoules-K/mole when the sample is located in a magnetic field of 12.5 kOe.

From the measured value of A the splitting of the energy levels of the nuclear spin system due to the interaction of the internal crystalline electric field gradients with the nuclear quadrupole moments is calculated. A comparison is made between the predicted and measured magnetic dependence of the specific heat. Finally, predictions are made of future nuclear magnetic resonance experiments which may be performed to check the results obtained by calorimetery here and further, to investigate existing theories concerning the sources of electric field gradients in metals.

Optimizing the Curie temperature of pseudo-binary RxR2-x ' Fe-17 (R, R ' = rare earth) for magnetic refrigeration

Several pseudo-binary RxR2-x'Fe-17 alloys (with R = Y, Ce, Pr, Gd and Dy) were synthesized with rhombohedral Th2Zn17-type crystal structure determined from x-ray and neutron powder diffraction. The choice of compositions was done with the aim of tuning the Curie temperature (T-C) in the 270 +/- 20 K temperature range, in order to obtain the maximum magneto-caloric effect around room temperature. The investigated compounds exhibit broad isothermal magnetic entropy changes, Delta S-M(T), with moderate values of the refrigerant capacity, even though the values of Delta S-M(Peak) are relatively low compared with those of the R2Fe17 compounds with R = Pr or Nd. The reduction on the Delta S-M(Peak) is explained in terms of the diminution in the saturation magnetization value. Furthermore, the Delta S-M(T) curves exhibit a similar caret-like behavior, suggesting that the magneto-caloric effect is mainly governed by the Fe-sublattice. A single master curve for Delta S-M/Delta S-M(Peak)(T) under different values of the magnetic field change are obtained for each compound by rescaling of the temperature axis.