Experimental candidosis and recovery of Candida albicans from the oral cavity of ovariectomized rats

The aim of this study was to analyze the development of candidosis and the recovery of C. albicans from the oral cavity of ovariectomized and sham-ovariectomized rats. One hundred aiid twenty-four rats originally negative for Candida spp. in the oral cavity were divided into two groups: ovariectomized and sham-ovariectomized. Fifty-eight ovariectomized and the same quantity of sham-ovariectomized rats were inoculated with C. albicans for the study of candidosis development and recovery of yeast. Four animals from each group were not inoculated with yeast suspension and were submitted to tongue dorsum morphologic analysis by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The development of candidosis in the tongue dorsum was observed by optical and scanning electron microscopy in the periods of 6 hr, 24 hr, 7 days and 15 days after the last inoculation. Recovery of C. albicans was performed by oral samples plating on Sabouraud agar after 1,2, 5 and 7 days and progressively at each 15-day interval until negative cultures for yeasts were obtained. The results were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Student's t tests. The tongue dorsum of sham-ovariectomized and ovariectomized rats, not infected by Candida, presented normal aspect. Among the infected rats, the ovariectomized group showed less occurrence of candidosis lesions and lower recovery of C. albicans from the oral cavity in relation to the sham-ovariectomized group. It could be concluded that candidosis was less frequent from the oral cavities of ovariectomized rats in relation to sham-ovariectomized.

Presence of Candida spp. in infants oral cavity and its association with early childhood caries

Candida spp., mainly C. albicans, colonizes oral cavity of infants. Transmission by mother to childbirth, pacifier use, feeding habits and caries are factors related to Candida oral colonization. Some researches related that early childhood caries favor the oral colonization of C. albicans. The present literature review described the presence of Candida spp. in oral cavity of infants and its association with early childhood caries (ECC). The literature was searched for original papers relating Candida, pacifier and baby bottle usage and ECC.The articles, were selected using Bireme and Medline databases. Manual tracing of references cited in key papers was also elicited It can be concluded that Candida spp. colonization in the infants'oral cavity especially C. albicans, can be related to the pacifier usage, feeding habits caries lesion. The early childhood caries favor the C. albicans colonization, although it's role in the carious process need further studies to be elucidate scientifically.

Effects of probiotic bacteria on Candida presence and IgA anti-Candida in the oral cavity of elderly

Imbalance in the resident microbiota may promote the growth of opportunistic microorganisms, such as yeasts of Candida genus and the development of diseases, especially in aged people. This study evaluated whether the consumption of the probiotic Yakult LB® (Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium breve) was able to influence on the specific immunological response against Candida and on the presence of these yeasts in the oral cavity of 42 healthy aged individuals. Saliva samples were collected before and after the probiotic use for 30 days, 3 times a week. The samples were plated in Dextrose Saboraud Agar with chloramphenicol, the colony-forming units (CFU/mL) were counted and the Candida species were identified. Anti-Candida IgA analysis was conducted using the ELISA technique. ANOVA and Student's t-test were used for normally distributed data and the Wilcoxon test was used for data with non-normal distribution (α=0.05). The results showed a statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) in Candida prevalence (from 92.9% to 85.7%), in CFU/mL counts of Candida and in the number of non-albicans species after consumption of the probiotic. Immunological analysis demonstrated a significant increase (p<0.05) in anti-Candida IgA levels. In conclusion, probiotic bacteria reduced Candida numbers in the oral cavity of the elderly and increased specific secretory immune response against these yeasts, suggesting its possible use in controlling oral candidosis.

Evaluation of the microbial diversity of denitrifying bacteria in batch reactor

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Plasmacytoma in the oral cavity: a case report

The plasma cell neoplasms may present in soft tissue as extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP), in bone as a solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB), or as part of the multifocal disseminated disease multiple myeloma (MM). The EMP is rare, comprising around 3% of all plasma cell neoplasm. The majority (80%) occurs in the head and neck region. In this study we report a case of a man, 70 years old, melanoderm, with a lesion of the oral cavity. Upon physical examination, a lesion was found that extended throughout the posterior upper alveolar ridge, as far as the maxillary tuber on the left side, extending towards the palate. Radiographic examination, complementary laboratory exams were performed. Based on the conclusive symptoms of plasmacytoma, the patient was referred to the hematology service for treatment with local radiotherapy. The patient responded satisfactorily to the treatment, and after 15 months, all clinical symptoms of the lesion in the oral cavity had disappeared.

How do titanium and Ti6A14V corrode in fluoridated medium as found in the oral cavity? an in vitro study

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the corrosion of commercially pure (CP) titanium and Ti6Al4V in vitro at different F- concentrations regularly found in the oral cavity by using different electrochemical tests and surface analysis techniques. electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), open circuit potential (OCP) and potentio-dynamic polarization tests were associated to advanced characterization techniques such as SEM, EDS, AFM, ICP-MS and XPS. OCP tests revealed a higher reactivity of both CP titanium and Ti6Al4V at 12,300 ppm F- concentration than that recorded at 227 ppm F-. Also, a significant decrease of the corrosion resistance of both materials was noticed by EIS in fluoride solutions. Material loss caused by corrosion was noticed on titanium surfaces by SEM and AFM in the presence of high F- concentration. CP titanium degraded by pitting corrosion while Ti6Al4V suffered from general corrosion showing micro-cracks on surface. Furthermore, a high release of metallic ions from the test samples after immersion at high F concentrations was detected by ICP-MS, that can be potentially toxic to oral tissues. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Autogenous bone grafts contamination after exposure to the oral cavity

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

In vitro evaluation, in vivo quantification, and microbial diversity studies of nutritional strategies for reducing enteric methane production

The main objective of the present work was to study nutritive strategies for lessening the CH4 formation associated to ruminant tropical diets. In vitro gas production technique was used for evaluating the effect of tannin-rich plants, essential oils, and biodiesel co-products on CH4 formation in three individual studies and a small chamber system to measure CH4 released by sheep for in vivo studies was developed. Microbial rumen population diversity from in vitro assays was studied using qPCR. In vitro studies with tanniniferous plants, herbal plant essential oils derived from thyme, fennel, ginger, black seed, and Eucalyptus oil (EuO) added to the basal diet and cakes of oleaginous plants (cotton, palm, castor plant, turnip, and lupine), which were included in the basal diet to replace soybean meal, presented significant differences regarding fermentation gas production and CH4 formation. In vivo assays were performed according to the results of the in vitro assays. , when supplemented to a basal diet (Tifton-85 hay sp, corn grain, soybean meal, cotton seed meal, and mineral mixture) fed to adult Santa Ines sheep reduced enteric CH4 emission but the supplementation of the basal diet with EuO did not affect ( > 0.05) methane released. Regarding the microbial studies of rumen population diversity using qPCR with DNA samples collected from the in vitro trials, the results showed shifts in microbial communities of the tannin-rich plants in relation to control plant. This research demonstrated that tannin-rich , essential oil from eucalyptus, and biodiesel co-products either in vitro or in vivo assays showed potential to mitigate CH4 emission in ruminants. The microbial community study suggested that the reduction in CH4 production may be attributed to a decrease in fermentable substrate rather than to a direct effect on methanogenesis.

Amino acids in squamous cell carcinomas and adjacent normal tissues from patients with larynx and oral cavity lesions

Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)

Revisiting a medical case of "stinging" in the human oral cavity caused by ingestion of raw squid (Cephalopoda: Teuthida): new data on the functioning of squid's spermatophores

Male squid produce intricate spermatophores that, when transferred to the female, undergo the spermatophoric reaction, a complex process of evagination that leads to the attachment of the spermatangium, that is, the everted spermatophore containing the sperm mass. While this process is still not completely understood, the medical literature includes several reports of "oral stinging" (i.e., punctured wounds in the human oral cavity) following consumption of raw male squid, which contains undischarged spermatophores able to inflict such wounds. Here, we revisit a recent medical report of oral stinging by Shiraki et al. (Pathol Int 61:749-751, 2011), providing an in-depth reanalysis of their histological biopsies and revealing vital information on the functioning of squid spermatophores. The morphology of the spermatangia attached within the oral cavity is similar to the condition found in spermatangia naturally attached to female squids. The spermatangia were able to superficially puncture the superficial layers of the oral stratified squamous epithelium, and numerous, minute stellate particles from the squid spermatophore were found adhered to the oral epithelium. These findings corroborate previous hypotheses on the functioning of squid spermatophores, namely that spermatophore attachment generally involves tissue scarification, and that stellate particles play a vital role in the attachment process. Moreover, spermatophore attachment is confirmed to be autonomous (i.e., performed by the spermatophore itself) in another squid species (possibly a loliginid), and the results strongly indicate that the attachment mechanism is not dependent upon a specialized epithelium, nor a mate's specific chemical stimulus. From the pathological point of view, the best prophylactic measure at present is the removal of the internal organs of the raw squid prior to its consumption.

Global gene expression profiling of oral cavity cancers suggests molecular heterogeneity within anatomic subsites

Abstract Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a frequent neoplasm, which is usually aggressive and has unpredictable biological behavior and unfavorable prognosis. The comprehension of the molecular basis of this variability should lead to the development of targeted therapies as well as to improvements in specificity and sensitivity of diagnosis. Results Samples of primary OSCCs and their corresponding surgical margins were obtained from male patients during surgery and their gene expression profiles were screened using whole-genome microarray technology. Hierarchical clustering and Principal Components Analysis were used for data visualization and One-way Analysis of Variance was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Samples clustered mostly according to disease subsite, suggesting molecular heterogeneity within tumor stages. In order to corroborate our results, two publicly available datasets of microarray experiments were assessed. We found significant molecular differences between OSCC anatomic subsites concerning groups of genes presently or potentially important for drug development, including mRNA processing, cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis, metabolic process, cell cycle and apoptosis. Conclusion Our results corroborate literature data on molecular heterogeneity of OSCCs. Differences between disease subsites and among samples belonging to the same TNM class highlight the importance of gene expression-based classification and challenge the development of targeted therapies.

Vascular leiomyoma in the oral cavity

The aim of this study was to examine a case report of vascular leiomyoma located in the oral mucosa of the oral cavity. Vascular leiomyoma is a benign tumor arising from smooth muscle. One factor that makes vascular leiomyomas in the oral cavity rare is that there is little smooth muscle in the mouth. The most common histological subtype in the oral cavity is the vascular subtype. The greatest difficulty in histological diagnosis of this entity is the similarity in morphology with other malignancies, particularly of neural or fibroblastic lineage. Wide surgical resection is the only treatment reported in the literature with good results. The recurrence rate is very low if complete resection is achieved. The study of rare or unusual lesions is very important for the clinical diagnosis of vascular leiomyoma

Understanding of stuck fermentations : investigations on the relationship between the microbial diversity and chemical composition of must

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, mehr Informationen über unkonventionelle Gründe für Gärstockungen zu gewinnen und neue Wege zu finden, diese zu überwinden. Mikrobielle Sukzession und die chemische Zusammensetzung bei der Gärung wurden in zwei aufeinander folgenden Jahren in einem Weingut von der oberen Mosel in Deutschland studiert. Es gab keinen Hinweis darauf, dass die isolierten Bakterienspezies oder chemischen Komponenten von Most und Jungwein an schleppenden oder stockenden Gärungen beteiligt waren. Ferner konnte während dieser Arbeit gezeigt werden, dass Saccharomyces bayanus die dominierende Weinhefe in diesem Weingut war statt der klassischen und bekannten Weinhefe Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Während der Gärstockung konnte ein Dreifach-Hybrid Saccharomyces cerevisiae x Saccharomyces kudriavzevii x Saccharomyces bayanus wachsen, Saccharomyces bayanus ersetzen und die Gärung beenden. Beide isolierten Hefestämme Saccharomyces bayanus Stamm HL 77 und der Dreifach-Hybrid Saccharomyces cerevisiae x Saccharomyces kudriavzevii x Saccharomyces bayanus Stamm HL 78 konnten Glucose und Fructose von Anfang an verwerten und konnten bei niedrigen Temperaturen von 15 °C und in der Abwesenheit von Hefe-verwertbarem Stickstoff in Form von Ammonium wachsen, solange Aminosäuren im Medium vorhanden waren, im Gegensatz zu einer kommerziellen Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Starterkultur. Chemische Untersuchungen ergaben, dass Hefe-verwertbarer Stickstoff in dem kooperierenden Weingut mit einem Maximum von 160 mg/l zu Beginn der Gärung vorhanden war und auf 40 mg/L verringert war nach zwei Wochen. Aus diesem Grund sind beide isolierten Hefestämme interessant als Starterkulturen in diesem Weingut und dies kann neben der niedrigen Temperatur im Keller auch ein Grund sein, warum Saccharomyces cerevisiae nicht die dominierende Weinhefe in diesem Fall ist. Der Dreifach-Hybrid Saccharomyces cerevisiae x Saccharomyces kudriavzevii x Saccharomyces bayanus Stamm HL 78 ist in der Lage, Fructose noch effizienter zu nutzen als Saccharomyces bayanus Stamm HL 77 und ist weniger abhängig von der Aminosäurekonzentration. Dieser Stamm wurde bereits erfolgreich bei diesem Projekt eingesetzt, um eine Gärstockung in dem kooperierenden Weingut zu beheben. Es ist bekannt, dass Saccharomyces-Hybride in der Weinherstellung vorkommen aber ihre Rolle bei der Überwindung von Gärstockungen wurde bisher noch nicht beschrieben. Diese Ergebnisse sind nützlich, um Gärstockungen zu vermeiden oder zu überwinden mit der selektiven Verwendung dieser Hefestämme in verschiedenen Stadien der Gärung. Das kooperierende Weingut, welches im oberen Qualitätssegment platziert ist, hatte jedes Jahr Probleme mit Gärstockungen. Daher ist die Anwendung der Dreifach-Hybriden Saccharomyces cerevisiae x Saccharomyces kudriavzevii x Saccharomyces bayanus Stamm HL 78 eine große Chance, Gärstockungen und finanzielle Verluste ohne kommerzielle Starterkulturen oder andere übliche Praktiken, die zu einer Veränderung des Aromaprofils führen können, zu vermeiden. Die beschriebenen Untersuchungen stellen ein Modell dar, um Gärstockungen auch in anderen Weingütern, die Spontangärungen anwenden, zu überwinden.