Efficacy of Sakacin on Selected Food Pathogenic Microorganisms Isolated from Fermented Milk Products

The efficacy of sakacin on selected food pathogenic microorganisms isolated from fermented milk products was investigated. The L. sake was isolated using the pour plate technique and was characterized based on it colony, cell morphology and some biochemical tests. This isolate was identified using standard scheme. The L. sake FCF 33 was propagated in De Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) broth for bacteriocin (sakacin) production. The sakacin had inhibitory effects on all test microorganisms (ranging from +5mm to +6mm) except Shigella dysenteriae N11, Salmonella typhimurium N8, Klebsiella ozaenae W24 and Proteus mirabilis N16a). Bacteriocins are antimicrobial substances of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have gained tremendous attention as potential bio preservatives in the food and dairy industries. The LAB can serve as probiotics, which are products aimed at delivering living, potentially beneficial bacterial cells to the gut ecosystem of humans and other animals.

Demonstration of the interactions between aromatic compound-loaded lipid nanocapsules and Acinetobacter baumannii bacterial membrane

International audience

Septic Shock Sera Containing Circulating Histones Induce Dendritic Cell–Regulated Necrosis in Fatal Septic Shock Patients

International audience

Identificación del agente etiológico y sensibilidad a antimicrobianos en muestras de orina de los habitantes con infección urinaria de la comunidad de Chuichún-Tambo -Cañar agosto - enero 2015-2016.

ANTECEDENTES: Las infecciones urinarias (ITU) son una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en el país. Las enterobacterias son los principales uropatógenos que por vía ascendente colonizan el tracto urinario. (1) OBJETIVO: Fue identificar el agente etiológico y sensibilidad a antimicrobianos en muestras de orina de los habitantes con infección urinaria de la comunidad de Chuichún-Tambo-Cañar. Agosto-Enero 2015-2016. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal compuesto por 1037 habitantes, cuya muestra representativa fue de 281 personas. Se realizó urocultivo y antibiograma previa detección de ITU mediante el Examen Elemental y Microscópico de Orina (EMO). Los participantes con su firma/huella en el consentimiento informado aceptaron colaborar en el proyecto, llenaron una encuesta con datos de filiación y variables de estudio, luego entregaron la muestra de orina para su respectivo análisis. Para procesar y tabular la información obtenida, se utilizaron los programas SPSS v22 y Microsoft Excel 2010 para la estadística descriptiva y gráfica. RESULTADOS: De 281 habitantes el 16,0% presentó infección urinaria según el EMO, de los cuales el 66,7% resultó urocultivo positivo. De los pacientes con ITU el 64,4% son mujeres entre 15–64 años. Escherichia coli resultó ser el microorganismo más frecuente (63,3%), seguido de Proteus spp, (16,7%), Enterococo (10,0%), Klebsiella spp (6,7%) y Estafilococo aureus (3,3%). CONCLUSIÓN: Las ITU afectan principalmente a mujeres, relacionándose con infecciones recurrentes, actividad sexual y mala práctica de hábitos de higiene.

Predictores de riesgo para desarrollo de infección por Clostridium difficile

Clostridium diffícile (CD) es el agente responsable de la mayoría de los episodios de diarrea de origen nosocomial. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a la infección por C. difficile (ICD) en los pacientes con diarrea de origen nosocomial en el Hospital Universitario Dr. Manuel Quintela. Para ello se llevó adelante un estudio observacional, analítico, de casos y controles no pareados. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años que instalaron diarrea posterior a las 72 horas del ingreso al hospital y en quienes se solicitó investigación de CD durante el período abril a diciembre de 2013. Veintisiete pacientes (18,6%) cumplieron con la definición de caso, 105 (72,4%) cumplieron con la definición de control y 13 (9,0%) se excluyeron por presentar solo la prueba de glutamato deshidrogenasa (GDH) positiva. En relación con la presentación clínica, se destaca la asociación significativa de la ICD con la presencia de fiebre. En el análisis univariado el haber recibido antibióticos por más de 30 días y el uso previo de clindamicina estuvieron significativamente asociados a ICD. En el análisis multivariante solo el uso previo de clindamicina (p = 0,004 OR 5,881; IC95% 1,743-19,841) se mantuvo como factor de riesgo independiente. Este hallazgo pone en evidencia que en situación de endemia la implementación de una política de uso racional de clindamicina es una de las medidas necesarias para disminuir la frecuencia de ICD.

Identificacción de infecciones de vías urinarias, agente etiológico, sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos y factores asociados en los habitantes de la Comunidad de San Francisco de Cuchocorral. El Tambo-Cañar 2015

ANTECEDENTES.- Las infecciones urinarias representan un grave problema de salud que afecta a la población en general. En El Tambo representan una de las principales causas de consulta externa y hospitalización. OBJETIVO.- Identificar la prevalencia de infecciones de vías urinarias, agente etiológico, sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos y factores asociados en los habitantes de la comunidad de San Francisco de Cuchocorral, El Tambo 2015. METODOLOGÍA.- El estudio fue descriptivo de corte transversal. El universo fue de 208 habitantes y la muestra de 160 personas de la comunidad. Se realizó el examen elemental y microscópico de orina, el urocultivo y el antibiograma. Previo a la recolección de las muestras, los participantes firmaron el consentimiento o asentimiento informado y llenaron una encuesta. Se analizaron las muestras en el laboratorio de Microbiología de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Para relacionar los resultados obtenidos y las variables de estudio se utilizó el programa SPSS V22 y Excel para la estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS.- La prevalencia de infección urinaria fue del 10%, siendo el 100% de personas con infección del sexo femenino y de ellas el 44% mujeres de 19 – 45 años. Escherichia coli fue el microorganismo más frecuente con el 87,5% y mostró resistencia para Trimetoprim sulfametoxazol y Gentamicina en un 28,6%. Proteus y Klebsiella presentaron resistencia para Ampicilina sulbactam y Fosfomicina en un 100%. CONCLUSIÓN.- Contribuimos con datos epidemiológicos sobre prevalencia de infecciones de vías urinarias, agente etiológico y sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos en los habitantes de la comunidad de San Francisco de Cuchocorral

The identification and differentiation of the Candida parapsilosis complex species by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA

Currently, it is accepted that there are three species that were formerly grouped under Candida parapsilosis : C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis , and Candida metapsilosis . In fact, the antifungal susceptibility profiles and distinct virulence attributes demonstrate the differences in these nosocomial pathogens. An accurate, fast, and economical identification of fungal species has been the main goal in mycology. In the present study, we searched sequences that were available in the GenBank database in order to identify the complete sequence for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-5.8S-ITS2 region, which is comprised of the forward and reverse primers ITS1 and ITS4. Subsequently, an in silico polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to differentiate the C. parapsilosis complex species. Ninety-eight clinical isolates from patients with fungaemia were submitted for analysis, where 59 isolates were identified as C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 37 were identified as C. orthopsilosis, and two were identified as C. metapsilosis. PCR-RFLP quickly and accurately identified C. parapsilosis complex species, making this method an alternative and routine identification system for use in clinical mycology laboratories.

Estrategias de supervivencia de Acinetobacter baumannii en el ámbito hospitalario.

209 p.

Sweet syndrome presenting late after non Hodgkin’s lymphoma and dermatomyositis

Abstract Sweet syndrome is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis consisting in the onset of high fever, neutrophilia, and typical painful skin lesions including erythematous papules, nodules, and plaques on the face, trunk, and extremities, with a bilateral and asymmetrical pattern. Sweet syndrome is classiied as idiopathic, predominating in women; malignancy-associated, mainly with hematological cancer, and drug-induced. The diagnosis is based on clinical history and skin manifestations, being conirmed by a complete blood count showing neutrophilic leukocytosis, and speciic indings in the skin biopsy. We report the case of a 68 year-old man with a 10-year evolution of dermatomyositis complicated by lung ibrosis, followed 8 years later by non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accompanied by worsening of his ibrosis. Two years after the successful treatment of NHL the patient developed an acute episode of severe dyspnea, multiple skin lesions, and 95% neutrophilia. At that time the patient had a severe lung function impairment complicated by nosocomial pneumonia that led to his death, a few days after the diagnosis of Sweet syndrome was established by histopathology examination. Sweet syndrome is a rare dermatologic entity that can appear several years after diseases characterized by immune dysfunction such as dermatomyositis and NHL.

Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Colistin in Neonates With Culture Proven Sepsis

Background: Although it is well described among adults, intravenous colistin use and its associated toxicities in newborns are poorly understood. Objectives: We present our experience of efficacy and safety of intravenous colistin in the treatment of sepsis in term and preterm neonates. Patients and Methods: The records of neonates who received colistin between January 2013 and February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. All neonates with culture proven nosocomial infections due to multidrug resistant organisms and treated continuously with colistin for more than 72 hours were included in the study. Results: Patients were evaluated for clinical and microbiological response to the drug and its and side effects. Twelve newborn infants with mean 31.8 ± 3.5 weeks gestational age and median 1482 (810 - 3200) gram birth weight were included. 11/12 (91.7%) patients showed microbiological clearance with intravenous colistin. One patient who had recurrent cerebrospinal fluid positive culture was treated with intraventricular colistin. The major side effects observed was hyponatremia and hypokalemia in 2 (16.6%) patients, all infants required magnesium supplementation. Conclusions: Intravenous colistin administration appears to be safe and efficacious for multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections in neonates, including preterm infants. However, we believe that large prospective controlled studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety in neonates.

The Outcome of Infantile Onset Pompe Disease in South of Iran

Background: Infantile Onset Pompe Disease (IOPD) is a rare autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder. It is associated with cardiomegaly, hypotonia, paresis, and death in the first year of life. Since 2006, following the use of Alglucosidase alfa as Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT), the patients’ survival is improved to a noticeable extent. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the outcome of IOPD patients in South of Iran and the degree of responsiveness to ERT. Patients and Methods: All patients who were diagnosed with IOPD on the bases of clinical symptoms, and enzyme assay on dried blood spot, were included in the study; and were followed up regarding cardiac function, locomotor activity, and cognition. Results: Six patients with IOPD were identified. All these six patients suffered from Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM). Four (67%) of them also had generalized hypotonia. Three patients expired during the first weeks due to severe respiratory infection. One of them also got involved with Acute Cardiopulmonary Failure while receiving the fifth dose of ERT; and expired. However, the remaining two patients had a significant improvement after the maximum of 117 weeks of following up both cardiac and locomotor findings. These two patients were the same patients who showed cardiac symptoms from the beginning but did not have generalized hypotonia. Conclusions: Although ERT has a significant effect on enhancing the survival of IOPD patients, it should be associated with meticulous heart-respiratory cares during the first months of treatment and preventing infection especially nosocomial infections.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Arbutus andrachne leaf extract and its antimicrobial activity

Purpose: To synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of Arbutus andrachne leaf water extract (LE) and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of both LE and AgNPs. Methods: The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using the following techniques: ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and analysis of particle size (PS) and zeta potential (ZP). The antimicrobial activities of LE and NPs were assessed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion (DD) and broth microdilution (MD) methods according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). LE and AgNPs were examined against fresh cultures of four Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria, and three yeast strains. Results: AgNPs were successfully synthesized and characterized using Arbutus andrachne LE. The AgNPs showed moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538p, S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 29998, Klebsiella pnemoniae ATCC 13883 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and also antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10239 and C. krusei ATCC 6258. Conclusions: Due to the potent activity of AgNPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast strains, it is suggested that AgNPs are potential broad spectrum antimicrobial agents.

Bioprospecting for culturable actinobacteria with antimicrobial properties isolated from rivers in Colombian Orinoquia

Purpose: To Isolate and characterize Actinobacteria with antimicrobial activity from Guaviare River (Colombia). Methods: Water and sediment samples were collected from Guaviare River. Direct plating, heat and CaCO3 methods were used to isolate Actinobacteria. Six bacterial strains were tested using T-Streak method: Escherichia coli ATCC 23724, Staphylococus aureus ATCC 25923, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21556, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 31532. Strains of Fusarium sp. H24, Trichoderma harzianum H5 and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were tested using Kirby-Bauer method. Isolates with high antimicrobial activity were selected for further taxonomic identification. Results: A total of 374 actinobacteria isolates were obtained. Seven isolates exhibited high antimicrobial activity (p < 0.05) and were confirmed as members of Streptomycetaceae family. Of these, three isolates showed differential phenotypic and genotypic profiles, indicating that they may represent new species. Conclusions: To date, this is the first study of this type in Colombian Orinoquia and indicates that this promising source of Actinobacteria from aquatic sediments with the ability to produce antimicrobial secondary metabolites.

Complications associated with malnutrition in elective surgical patients in a Malaysian setting

Purpose: To identify the level of malnutrition and complications observed in Malaysia. Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted with the objectives of identifying the degree of malnutrition, complications and the need for nutritional support in elective surgical patients. Collection of data was performed in local tertiary hospitals using a Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG - SGA) nutritional screening tool and medical records. Results: A total of 50 patients electively admitted for surgery were included. The results demonstrated that there was a significant increase in malnourished patients post-surgery compared to pre-surgery (p = 0.0001). Most interesting was the significant number of complications observed post-surgery compared to pre-surgery (p = 0.035) which was associated to the poor level of nutrition. The most common type of complications noted post-surgery were nosocomial infection, wound infection and readmission. Conclusion: Malnutrition is prevalent pre- and post-operatively in Malaysia. Therefore, focus on the outcome of these malnourished patients should be performed to reduce complications associated with poor nutrition.

Prevalencia de bacterias productoras de beta-lactamasas en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso periodo enero-diciembre del 2014

Antecedentes: la adaptación de las bacterias a los tratamientos antibióticos ha ido mejorando, hasta el punto de llegar a presentar resistencia a los tratamientos más agresivos, esto se debe a la evolución constante que han sufrido estas con la aparición de nuevas especies, por mecanismos como la conjugación o trasmisión de plásmidos, con la producción de diferentes tipos de beta-lactamasas, estas características nuevas les han permitido mejorar su capacidad de evadir los mecanismos de acción farmacológicos. Objetivo general: establecer la prevalencia de bacterias productoras de beta-lactamasas en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, durante el periodo de enero a diciembre del 2014, Cuenca - Ecuador. Metodología: Tipo de estudio: se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, observacional; Universo y muestra: historias clínicas de todos los pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, a los que se había realizado cultivo y antibiograma con reporte de producción de beta-lactamasas, durante el periodo enero a diciembre del 2014; Método de recolección de datos: observación y revisión de historias clínicas que fueron registrados en el formulario de recolección de datos; Tabulación y análisis de los resultados: Todos los datos fueron tabulados y procesados en el programa SPSS Versión 15.0, elaborando tablas simples, compuestas. Resultados: de un total de 160 bacterias aisladas, la prevalencia de bacterias productoras de betalactamasas fue 13,1%, 74,4%, 12,5% para BLEA, BLEE y carbapenemasas respectivamente. El sexo femenino fue el más afectado por las bacterias productoras de BLEA, y carbapenemasas, pero el sexo masculino fue el más afectado por bacterias productoras de BLEE. La E. coli representa el 74,79% de bacterias productoras de BLEE, representando la Klebsiella pneumoniae el 50% de todas las bacterias productoras de carbapenemasas. Al analizar la mortalidad se observa que al incrementar la resistencia incrementa el riesgo de mortalidad: BLEA 5%, BLEE 15% y Carbapenemasa 25%