945 resultados para Moringa oleifera seeds


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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This work aims to investigate the process of Dissolved air Flotation (DAF) for clarifying water samples with low turbidity using aluminum sulphate and Moringa oleifera seeds as coagulants. The experimental procedure was carried out in a bench scale flotation unit. The influences on the pre-treatment conditions (coagulant dosage and flocculation time) and flotation parameters (superficial application rate and recirculation rate) were evaluated considering the efficiency of the process. The efficiency was evaluated by determining the turbidity of the untreated and treated water samples. The results obtained showed that turbidity reduction can be obtained very efficiently by using DAF and the latter coagulant in low turbidity water. Using aluminum sulphate in pH´s 5.0 and 6.0 better efficiencies were obtained with low concentrations (15 mg/L), achieving values of 92% of turbidity reduction. In the case of use of Moringa oleifera better efficiencies of reduction of turbidity were reported when using a concentration of 50 mg/L in all range of pH´s, achieving 86% of reduction. The zeta potential was also determined, in an attempt to aid comprehension of the coagulation mechanisms involved. The coagulation mechanisms with Moringa oleifera seeds were shown to be adsorption and charge neutralization, as well as adsorption and bridging. Concerning aluminum sulphate, the predominant mechanisms are adsorption and charge neutralization and enmeshment in a precipitate. The results indicate that for low turbidity water, Moringa oleifera seeds could potentially be a viable substitute for aluminum sulphate

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Protease inhibitors are well known to have several applications in medicine and biotechnology. Several plant sources are known to return potential protease inhibitors. In this study plants belonging to different families of Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae, Graminae and Moringaceae were screened for the protease inhibitor. Among them Moringa oleifera, belonging to the family Moringaceae, recorded high level of protease inhibitor activity after ammonium sulfate fractionation. M. oleifera, which grows throughout most of the tropics and having several industrial and medicinal uses, was selected as a source of protease inhibitor since so far no reports were made on isolation of the protease inhibitor. Among the different parts of M. oleifera tested, the crude extract isolated from the mature leaves and seeds showed the highest level of inhibition against trypsin. Among the various extraction media evaluated, the crude extract prepared in phosphate buffer showed maximum recovery of the protease inhibitor. The protease inhibitor recorded high inhibitory activity toward the serine proteases thrombin, elastase, chymotrypsin and the cysteine

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The current environmental crisis demands transformations in the relations among society, nature and development, considering sustainability. In this context, an important theme is replacing fossil fuels with biofuels, such as biodiesel. Moringa oleifera Lam. is a species that can be used as a raw material to produce biodiesel. Besides, it is a multiple purposes plant, which can be used also in water treatment. Thus, the aims of this work were to analyze the anatomical adaptations found in the stem and in the leaf and the seed s oil stores of M. oleifera., to investigate chemical characteristics of M. oleifera s seed oil, considering biodiesel production, and to evaluate the coagulation activity of these seeds in water treatment. Semipermanent histological laminas were made and it follows that the stem has thick cuticle, stomata whose cells guard are below the epidermis line, hollow medulla, druses and tector trichomes as adaptations to climate and soil conditions in which the species is found and the leaf is dorsiventral and it has thick cuticle, tector trichomes and druses. The seed has great reserves of oil. These features favor the use of Moringa oleifera Lam. as a raw material to produce biodiesel in Brazil s Northeast semiarid region. Chemical analysis were made through oil solvent extraction using mechanic stirrer. The oil was analyzed in UV spectrophotometer. A transesterification was made and biodiesel was analyzed in gas chromatography. Oil yield was high and good quality biodiesel was obtained. To evaluate seeds coagulantion activity, coagulation and flocculation essays in jartest were made, using seed extract to treat raw water. Seeds were efficient in cogulation process to treat water. So, they can be used in rudimentary systems or as a raw material to coagulant proteins extraction, as an alternative to traditional coagulants. M. oleifera has characteristics that favor its use to biodiesel production and water treatment

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The objective of this work was to characterize external and internal morphologic aspects of the fruit, seed, and plant of Moringa oleifera Lam. The fruits were collected in the forest garden of Falculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. It was observed that the Moringa fruits are brown simple darkness, dry of the type capsule, tends on average: 28.50 cm of length, 2.21 cm of width, 9.91 g of mass and with 12 seeds by fruit, it considerated fruits of medium and small size. The seeds are brown dark and they present three lines clear chestnut tree. The embryo is oleaginous, has a pair of cotyledons and the germination is hypogeal-cryptocotyledonary. The seed has1.037 cm of length and 1.0 cm of thickness of average and have a considerate medium and light weight (197g/1000 seeds). The germination began eight days after the planting and in the 25th day they left the primary leaves.

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Several tests that evaluate the quality of seeds are destructive and require time, which is considered long and expensive in the processes that involves the production and marketing of seed. Thus, techniques that allow reducing the time related to assess the quality of seed lots is very favorable, considering the technical, economic and scientific point of view. The techniques images of seed analyzed both by X-ray such as digital images, represent alternative for this sector, and are considered reproducible and fast, giving greater flexibility and autonomy to the activities of production systems. Summarily, the objective was to analyze the internal morphology of seeds of this species through x-rayed images and the efficiency of weed seed area increased during soaking through image analysis and compare them with the results of germination tests and force the evaluation of physiological seed quality. For X-ray tests, the seeds were exposed for 0.14 seconds at radiation 40kV and 2.0 mAs. Were analyzed images using the ImageJ program and subsequently put to germinate in B.O.D chamber at 27 ° C, in which there was the comparison of results for germination. To determine the test area increase (% IA), seeds were used with and without seed coat, maintained the B.O.D chamber at 15 ° to 20 ° C, the seeds were photographed before and after the soaking period, the results were compared to the germination rates. For the X-ray test, it was observed that seeds with empty area greater than 20%, showed a higher percentage of abnormal seedlings. And the area increment analysis showed that it is possible to rank the batch after 8 hours of imbibition at 15 ° C according to the germination and vigor tests

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The evaluation of seed vigor is an important factor for detection of lots of high quality seeds, so that development of procedures to evaluate the physiological potential has been an important tool in quality control programs seeds. In this sense the study aimed to adapt the methodologies of accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and potassium leaching to evaluate Moringa oleifera seed vigor LAM.. Therefore, four lots of moringa seeds were subjected to the germination tests, seedling emergence, speed of emergence index, emergence first count, length and dry mass of seedlings and cold test for their physiological characterization, in addition to accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and potassium leaching. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications of 50 seeds and the means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. For accelerated aging the periods were studied aging 12, 24 and 72 hours at 40, 42 and 45°C. For the electrical conductivity test was used to a temperature of 25°C for periods of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 hours of immersion in 75 to 125 mL of distilled water, using 25 to 50 seeds, and for potassium leaching test samples were used 25 to 50 seeds, placed in plastic cups containing 70 and 100 mL of distilled water at 25°C for periods of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours. From the results obtained, it can be inferred that the methods best fit for the accelerated aging test Moringa seeds were a temperature of 40°C for 12 to 72 hours, 42°C 72 hours 45°C 24 hours . In the electrical conductivity test Moringa seeds, the combination of 50 seeds in 75 mL distilled water for a period of immersion of 4 hours and 50 seeds in 125 mL of 4 hours were efficient for the differentiation of lots of Moringa seeds as to vigor and for potassium leaching test moringa seeds, the combination of 50 seeds in 100mL of distilled water allowed the separation of lots of four levels of vigor, at 2 hours of immersion, showing promise in evaluate the quality of moringa seeds.

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The evaluation of seed vigor is an important factor for detection of lots of high quality seeds, so that development of procedures to evaluate the physiological potential has been an important tool in quality control programs seeds. In this sense the study aimed to adapt the methodologies of accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and potassium leaching to evaluate Moringa oleifera seed vigor LAM.. Therefore, four lots of moringa seeds were subjected to the germination tests, seedling emergence, speed of emergence index, emergence first count, length and dry mass of seedlings and cold test for their physiological characterization, in addition to accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and potassium leaching. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications of 50 seeds and the means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. For accelerated aging the periods were studied aging 12, 24 and 72 hours at 40, 42 and 45°C. For the electrical conductivity test was used to a temperature of 25°C for periods of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 hours of immersion in 75 to 125 mL of distilled water, using 25 to 50 seeds, and for potassium leaching test samples were used 25 to 50 seeds, placed in plastic cups containing 70 and 100 mL of distilled water at 25°C for periods of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours. From the results obtained, it can be inferred that the methods best fit for the accelerated aging test Moringa seeds were a temperature of 40°C for 12 to 72 hours, 42°C 72 hours 45°C 24 hours . In the electrical conductivity test Moringa seeds, the combination of 50 seeds in 75 mL distilled water for a period of immersion of 4 hours and 50 seeds in 125 mL of 4 hours were efficient for the differentiation of lots of Moringa seeds as to vigor and for potassium leaching test moringa seeds, the combination of 50 seeds in 100mL of distilled water allowed the separation of lots of four levels of vigor, at 2 hours of immersion, showing promise in evaluate the quality of moringa seeds.

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This paper reports, the Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) studies and structure elucidation of compounds isolated from the fruit extract of Moringa oleifera and also deals with their possible effects on some bacterial strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extract was found to be active against all four microorganisms used. Extent of inhibitory effect of extract was assessed at different concentrations of 25, 50, 75 mg/ml by measuring diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ). Our results clearly showed that the 75 mg/ml concentration of the extract had 14, 12 and 18 mm of the DIZ against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 14 mm with 50 mg/ml concentration against Escherichia coli. The results were compared with the standard antibiotic `ampicillin' of 1 mg/ml concentration. LIBS was recorded with high power pulsed laser beam from Nd: YAG Laser (Continuum Surelite III-10), focused on the surface of the material, which was in liquid form, to generate plasma on the surface of the sample. LIBS data clearly demonstrate the presence of trace elements, magnesium and iron, in high concentration in the extract. Whereas, from the phytochemical profile reveals the presence of two new compounds, S-ethyl-N-{4-[(alpha-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl]} thiocarbamate and 2-acetoxy {4-[(2',3',4'-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl]} acetonitrile as the major constituents. This study is the first report on synergetic effect of the phytoconstituents and certain set of elements present in their defined role in bacterial management against different bacterial strains.

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El presente estudio se realizo en la granja porcina de la Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA), ubicada en el kilometro 13 carretera Norte desvío a Sabana Grande, Managua, Nicaragua. Este estudio duró 28 semanas comprendidas entre el 15 de Agosto del año 2000 al 8 de Marzo del año 2001. El objetivo general de estudio fue: contribuir a definir la calidad de la canal de cerdos a través de procesos de engorda utilizando dietas no convencionales para establecer las potencialidades o viabilidad de éstas en producción, utilizando diferentes raciones: (T1) Concentrado 100%, (T2) Marango 30% + 70% Concentrado, (T3) Marango 48% + 52% de Concentrado. Se utilizaron 36 cerdos híbridos, formándose grupos de 12 cerdos por tratamiento. los cerdos se pesaron al inicio y luego cada 15 días hasta el momento de su sacrificio: 1er sacrificio y 2do sacrificio. En el primer sacrificio el T1 presento el mayor rendimiento en canal con un 71.28%, superando en un 9.32% al T2 y en un 17.53% al T3. En el segundo sacrificio el T2 presento el mayor rendimiento en canal con un 75.79%, superando en un 4.19% al T3 y en un 4.51% al T1. En el primer sacrificio se obtuvo una distribución similar entre los puntos de grasa dorsal de cada tratamiento, sin embargo el T1 alcanzo el mayor espesor de grasa dorsal con un promedio de 32.6 mm con una diferencia respecto al T2 de 10 mm y de 17 mm respecto al T3. En el segundo sacrificio se obtuvo una distribución variada entre los diferentes puntos de grasa dorsal de cada tratamiento, aquí el T1 siempre mantuvo el mayor espesor de grasa dorsal con promedio entre puntos de 32,6 mm con una diferencia respecto al T2 de 9.4 mm y de 12.2 mm respecto al T3. Se utilizó un análisis descriptivo, siendo las variables principales: rendimiento en canal (RC), peso vivo (PV), peso canal (PC), composición de la canal (CC), composición de la grasa (CG) y espesor de la grasa dorsal (EGD). los cerdos del T2 en el 1er sacrificio obtuvieron un mayor porcentaje de carne en comparación con los otros tratamientos, mientras que los cerdos del T3 obtuvieron el mayor porcentaje de costilla y hueso en comparación con los otros tratamientos. los cerdos del 2do sacrificio del T3 obtuvieron el mayor porcentaje de carne en comparación con los otros tratamientos, mientras que los cerdos del T1 obtuvieron el mayor porcentaje de costilla y el T2 obtuvo el mayor porcentaje de hueso y el menor porcentaje de grasa. El análisis estadístico demostró que para el primer sacrificio existieron diferencias altamente significativas con respecto al peso final, peso canal, rendimiento y significativo en el hueso. En el segundo sacrificio existieron diferencias significativas en grasa, costilla y en el porcentaje de carne. Se realizo un análisis de separación de medias según Tukey al 5% para los casos en que se encontraron diferencias significativas. Esta prueba se realizó con el fin de categorízar los tratamientos.

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El presente trabajo se realizó en la Finca "Santa Rosa" propiedad de las UNA, ubicada en Sabana Grande, Managua. El objetivo general del estudio fue: Evaluar el uso del Marango <Moringa Oleífera lam.) como una fuente no tradicional de alimento, para el engorde de cerdos en Nicaragua. Los objetivos específicos fueron: 1. Evaluar el comportamiento productivo (Ganancia Media Diaria, Conversión alimenticia y Peso vivo final promedio) de cerdos en engorde alimentados con raciones conteniendo diferentes niveles de inclusión de marango en su composición; 2. Evaluar desde el punto de vista financiero los Tratamientos en estudio, utilizando la metodología de presupuestos parciales. El experimento tuvo una duración de 137 días. Se evaluaron tres Tratamientos, (TI) Concentrado comercial, (TII) Marango 30%+ Fórmula 1 70%, (TIII) Marango 48% + Fórmula 2 52%. Se utilizaron 36 cerdos divididos en tres grupos de 12 animales cada uno con un peso inicial promedio de 12 kg. Los animales se pesaron cada 14 días. Las variables evaluadas fueron: Ganancia Media Diaria (GMD), conversión alimenticia (Conv) y Peso vivo final promedio (PVFP). El modelo estadístico utilizado fue un DCA. Se realizó el ANDEVA y pruebas de separación de medias para las variables significativamente diferentes. Se realizó un análisis financiero por Presupuestos Parciales. La variable GMD presentó los mejores resultados en el Tratamiento I con 0.603 kg, seguida por el Tratamiento ll con 0.376 kg y el Tratamiento 111 con 0.272 kg. La Conversión alimenticia fue de 3.71, 8.97, 12.04 para los Tratamientos 1, III y III respectivamente. El Peso vivo final obtenido por Tratamiento fue de 94.92 kg para TI, de 63.42 kg. para T III y 49.09 kg. para T III. Se concluye que el marango puede ser utilizado como una alternativa de alimentación para cerdos de engorde con niveles de inclusión de hasta 30% de materia seca. Debido a que a este porcentaje se obtuvieron buenos resultados al ofrecer el marango fresco y picado, mezclado con la fórmula 1. El Tratamiento II obtuvo mayores beneficios económicos que los otros Tratamientos. Utilizar marango para alimentar cerdos de engorde constituye una alternativa para pequeños y medianos productores.

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El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de tres densidades de siembra y frecuencias de corte sobre la producción de Moringa Oleífera. El ensayo se llevó a cabo en la hacienda "Santa Rosa", localizada geográficamente a 12°08'15" de latitud Norte y 86°09'36" de longitud Este, Municipio de Managua, de Octubre 2001 a Noviembre 2002. Se utilizó un diseño de BCA, en un arreglo de parcelas divididas donde las densidades de siembras (25, 50 y 75 plantas/m2) eran para las parcelas grandes y las frecuencias de cortes (45, 60 y 75 días) eran para las parcelas pequeñas. Las variables de estudio fueron: porcentaje de la materia seca (% MS), porcentaje de Ceniza(% Ceniza), Altura promedio, Tasa de Crecimiento (TC), Rendimiento de materia fresca total (RMFT), Rendimiento de materia fresca fracción fina (RMFFF), Rendimiento de la materia fresca fracción gruesa (RMFFG), Rendimiento de Materia Seca Total (RMST) y Rendimiento de Materia Seca Fracción Fina (RMSFF). Se realizó análisis de varianza y comparaciones con la Prueba de Tukey utilizando MINITAB, versión 13.0. Los resultados en el análisis de varianza mostraron que las densidades de siembras no presentaron efecto significativo (P<0,05) sobre las variables evaluadas, no así las frecuencias de corte que si presentaron efecto significativo (P<0,05) para la mayoría de las variables, excepto para RMFFF y la RMSFF, la frecuencia de corte a los 75 días presentó los mejores resultados para las variables %MS (17.97%), % Ceniza (9.15%), Altura (149.78cm), TC (34.70 kg MS/ha/día), RMFT (81.03 ton/ha/año), RMFFF (34.34 ton/ha/año), RMFFG (43.68 ton/ha/año), RMST (14.44 ton/ha/año) y RMSFF (6.13 ton/ha/año) respectivamente. Con relación a las épocas, durante la lluvia se obtuvieron los mejores valores (P<0,05) en Altura (148.57 cm), TC (44.23 kg MS/ha/día), RMFT (53.75 ton/ha/año), RMFFF (28.80 ton/ha/año), RMFFG (22.82 ton/ha/año), RMST (8.68 ton/ha/año) y RMSFF (4.58 ton/ha/año), excepto para %MS (18.21%) y % Ceniza (9.12%) cuyos mejores resultados fueron en la época seca.

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El presente estudio se realizó en la finca "Santa Rosa" propiedad de la Universidad Nacional Agraria, localizada geográficamente a los 12°08'15" latitud Norte y a los 86°09'36" longitud Este, en el departamento de Managua, en los meses de mayo a agosto del 2003, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de diferentes niveles de Moringa oleífera en la ración de vacas lecheras criollas sobre el consumo, producción y composición de la leche. Se utilizaron 6 vacas de la raza Reyna con un peso promedio de 387 ± 48 kg entre la 2 y 3 lactancia, las que fueron pesadas, desparasitadas, vitaminadas y alojadas individualmente. El diseño experimental utilizado fue un Doble Cuadrado Latino 3 x 3. Cada período experimental tuvo una duración de 5 semanas de las cuales las 3 primeras semanas eran de adaptación a los tratamientos y las otras 2 semanas de evaluación y recolección de datos. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: Tl (Heno de Brachiaria brizantha + melaza+ 3 kg MS Moringa oleífera), T2 (Heno de Brachiaria brizantha +melaza+ 2 kg MS Moringa oleífera) y T3 (Heno de Brachiaria brizantha + melaza). Las variables estudiadas fueron: consumo de MS, producción de leche, % de grasa, % de proteína y % de sólidos totales en la leche, así como sus características organolépticas (color, sabor y olor). Se realizó análisis de varianza y comparaciones de medias con la Prueba de Tukey utilizando MINITAB, versión 12.0. Los resultados en el análisis de varianza (P<0,05) mostraron que el mayor consumo y la mayor producción de leche se obtiene con el T1 (6.71 kgMS/vaca/día y 3.09 kg de leche/vaca/día) el que difiere estadísticamente (P< 0.01) del T3 (3.27 kgMS/vaca/día y 1.80 kg de leche/vaca/día) pero no difiere significativamente (P> 0.05) del T2 (5.78 kgMS /vaca/día y 2.83 kg de leche/vaca/día). No se encontró efecto significativo de los tratamientos sobre la composición química de la leche (% de grasa, % de proteína y % de sólidos totales) y sus características organolépticas (olor, sabor, color).

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Este experimento se llevó a cabo en la hacienda Santa Rosa localizada geográficamente a 12,08,15 de latitud Norte y 86,09,36 longitud Este en la comunidad de sabana grande municipio de Managua, entre el periodo de octubre 2002 a octubre 2003.Tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de diferentes densidades de siembra y frecuencias de corte en la producción de biomasa de Moringa oleifera Lam bajo condiciones de trópico seco. Se utilizó el diseño de bloques completo al azar (BCA) con cuatro repeticiones en un arreglo de parcelas divididas donde las densidades de siembra (250, 500 y 750 mil plantas /ha) eran para las parcelas principales y las frecuencias de corte (45, 60 y 75 días) para las subparcelas. Las variables evaluadas fueron: Rendimiento de materia fresca total (RMFT), Rendimiento de materia fresca fracción fina (RMFFF), Rendimiento de materia fresca fracción gruesa (RMFFG), Rendimiento de materia seca total (RMST), Tasa de crecimiento (TC), Altura promedio de la planta (APP), Porcentaje de materia seca (% MS), Porcentaje de cenizas (% C). Se realizó análisis de varianza y comparación de medias por la prueba simultanea de Tukey utilizando el paquete estadístico MINITAB versión 13. para PC 2000. Los resultados en el análisis de varianza mostraron que las densidades de siembra no presentaron efectos significativos importantes (p<0.05) en las variables evaluadas en Moringa oleifera, la frecuencia de corte que presento efectos significativos a un (p<0.05) para la mayoría de las variables fué la frecuencia de corte a los 75 días que mostró los mejores resultados para las variables: RMFT (41.18 ton/ha/año), RMFFG (20.11ton/ha/año), RMST (7.34ton/ha/año), APP(109.02cms), TC (19.61Kgs MS/ha/dia), %C (9.84%), excepto para el RMSFF (4.51ton/ha/año), cuyos mejores resultados fueron encontrados en la frecuencia de corte a los 60 días.