528 resultados para Heurísticas da representatividade


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The Behavioral Finance develop as it is perceived anomalies in these markets efficient. This fields of study can be grouped into three major groups: heuristic bias, tying the shape and inefficient markets. The present study focuses on issues concerning the heuristics of representativeness and anchoring. This study aimed to identify the then under-reaction and over-reaction, as well as the existence of symmetry in the active first and second line of the Brazilian stock market. For this, it will be use the Fuzzy Logic and the indicators that classify groups studied from the Discriminant Analysis. The highest present, indicator in the period studied, was the Liabilities / Equity, demonstrating the importance of the moment to discriminate the assets to be considered "winners" and "losers." Note that in the MLCX biases over-reaction is concentrated in the period of financial crisis, and in the remaining periods of statistically significant biases, are obtained by sub-reactions. The latter would be in times of moderate levels of uncertainty. In the Small Caps the behavioral responses in 2005 and 2007 occur in reverse to those observed in the Mid-Large Cap. Now in times of crisis would have a marked conservatism while near the end of trading on the Bovespa speaker, accompanied by an increase of negotiations, there is an overreaction by investors. The other heuristics in SMLL occurred at the end of the period studied, this being a under-reaction and the other a over-reaction and the second occurring in a period of financial-economic more positive than the first. As regards the under / over-reactivity in both types, there is detected a predominance of either, which probably be different in the context in MLCX without crisis. For the period in which such phenomena occur in a statistically significant to note that, in most cases, such phenomena occur during the periods for MLCX while in SMLL not only biases are less present as there is no concentration of these at any time . Given the above, it is believed that while detecting the presence of bias behavior at certain times, these do not tend to appear to a specific type or heuristics and while there were some indications of a seasonal pattern in Mid- Large Caps, the same behavior does not seem to be repeated in Small Caps. The tests would then suggest that momentary failures in the Efficient Market Hypothesis when tested in semistrong form as stated by Behavioral Finance. This result confirms the theory by stating that not only rationality, but also human irrationality, is limited because it would act rationally in many circumstances

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The Behavioral Finance develop as it is perceived anomalies in these markets efficient. This fields of study can be grouped into three major groups: heuristic bias, tying the shape and inefficient markets. The present study focuses on issues concerning the heuristics of representativeness and anchoring. This study aimed to identify the then under-reaction and over-reaction, as well as the existence of symmetry in the active first and second line of the Brazilian stock market. For this, it will be use the Fuzzy Logic and the indicators that classify groups studied from the Discriminant Analysis. The highest present, indicator in the period studied, was the Liabilities / Equity, demonstrating the importance of the moment to discriminate the assets to be considered "winners" and "losers." Note that in the MLCX biases over-reaction is concentrated in the period of financial crisis, and in the remaining periods of statistically significant biases, are obtained by sub-reactions. The latter would be in times of moderate levels of uncertainty. In the Small Caps the behavioral responses in 2005 and 2007 occur in reverse to those observed in the Mid-Large Cap. Now in times of crisis would have a marked conservatism while near the end of trading on the Bovespa speaker, accompanied by an increase of negotiations, there is an overreaction by investors. The other heuristics in SMLL occurred at the end of the period studied, this being a under-reaction and the other a over-reaction and the second occurring in a period of financial-economic more positive than the first. As regards the under / over-reactivity in both types, there is detected a predominance of either, which probably be different in the context in MLCX without crisis. For the period in which such phenomena occur in a statistically significant to note that, in most cases, such phenomena occur during the periods for MLCX while in SMLL not only biases are less present as there is no concentration of these at any time . Given the above, it is believed that while detecting the presence of bias behavior at certain times, these do not tend to appear to a specific type or heuristics and while there were some indications of a seasonal pattern in Mid- Large Caps, the same behavior does not seem to be repeated in Small Caps. The tests would then suggest that momentary failures in the Efficient Market Hypothesis when tested in semistrong form as stated by Behavioral Finance. This result confirms the theory by stating that not only rationality, but also human irrationality, is limited because it would act rationally in many circumstances

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The Behavioral Finance develop as it is perceived anomalies in these markets efficient. This fields of study can be grouped into three major groups: heuristic bias, tying the shape and inefficient markets. The present study focuses on issues concerning the heuristics of representativeness and anchoring. This study aimed to identify the then under-reaction and over-reaction, as well as the existence of symmetry in the active first and second line of the Brazilian stock market. For this, it will be use the Fuzzy Logic and the indicators that classify groups studied from the Discriminant Analysis. The highest present, indicator in the period studied, was the Liabilities / Equity, demonstrating the importance of the moment to discriminate the assets to be considered "winners" and "losers." Note that in the MLCX biases over-reaction is concentrated in the period of financial crisis, and in the remaining periods of statistically significant biases, are obtained by sub-reactions. The latter would be in times of moderate levels of uncertainty. In the Small Caps the behavioral responses in 2005 and 2007 occur in reverse to those observed in the Mid-Large Cap. Now in times of crisis would have a marked conservatism while near the end of trading on the Bovespa speaker, accompanied by an increase of negotiations, there is an overreaction by investors. The other heuristics in SMLL occurred at the end of the period studied, this being a under-reaction and the other a over-reaction and the second occurring in a period of financial-economic more positive than the first. As regards the under / over-reactivity in both types, there is detected a predominance of either, which probably be different in the context in MLCX without crisis. For the period in which such phenomena occur in a statistically significant to note that, in most cases, such phenomena occur during the periods for MLCX while in SMLL not only biases are less present as there is no concentration of these at any time . Given the above, it is believed that while detecting the presence of bias behavior at certain times, these do not tend to appear to a specific type or heuristics and while there were some indications of a seasonal pattern in Mid- Large Caps, the same behavior does not seem to be repeated in Small Caps. The tests would then suggest that momentary failures in the Efficient Market Hypothesis when tested in semistrong form as stated by Behavioral Finance. This result confirms the theory by stating that not only rationality, but also human irrationality, is limited because it would act rationally in many circumstances

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Análise da relação existente entre o modelo de financiamento de campanhas eleitorais e representação política, levando em consideração a cultura patrimonialista existente no Brasil. Qualificar a relação de interesse existente entre candidatos e financiadores de campanhas eleitorais no Brasil é um dos pressupostos para identificar a relação causal que existe entre modelos de financiamento de campanhas e qualidade da representação política.

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Objetivando contribuir para o debate da judicialização da política no País, aborda os caminhos da dupla representação pública da sociedade brasileira moldados pela Constituição de 1988. Analisa o comportamento dos representantes políticos com relação ao Ministério Público, especialmente no que tange ao exercício da representação funcional da população, diante de seus reflexos no sistema representativo como um todo, no que diz respeito ao atendimento das necessidades de uma sociedade plural.

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O presente trabalho de pesquisa tem por objetivo a análise do processo coletivo no modelo representativo de interesses. Busca-se, inicialmente, além de trazer algumas considerações históricas sobre o direito de conduzir o processo coletivo, estabelecer as distinções que podem e devem ser feitas entre a representação judicial de pessoas, típica das relações interindividuais, e a representação judicial de interesses, aplicável no campo do processo coletivo. A partir desta premissa, será demonstrado que as discussões nefrálgicas incidentes sobre os institutos da legitimidade e da representatividade adequada decorrem da imprópria adoção do modelo representativo de pessoas, no campo do processo coletivo. Ao final, conclui-se que o processo coletivo só terá a utilidade, a efetividade e o alcance estabelecidos pela Carta Constitucional, até mesmo para a denominada ação coletiva passiva, quando perdermos o fascínio pelo individualismo e enfrentarmos o processo coletivo como sendo verdadeiramente um processo de massa e de representação de interesses.

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Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Informática, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2014

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O escalonamento é uma das decisões mais importantes no funcionamento de uma linha de produção. No âmbito desta dissertação foi realizada uma descrição do problema do escalonamento, identificando alguns métodos para a optimização dos problemas de escalonamento. Foi realizado um estudo ao caso do problema de máquina única através do teste de várias instâncias com o objectivo de minimizar o atraso pesado, aplicando uma Meta-Heurística baseada na Pesquisa Local e dois algoritmos baseados no SB. Os resultados obtidos reflectem que os algoritmos baseados no SB apresentaram resultados mais próximos do óptimo, em relação ao algoritmo baseado na PL. Os resultados obtidos permitem sustentar a hipótese de não existirem algoritmos específicos para os problemas de escalonamento. A melhor forma de encontrar uma solução de boa qualidade em tempo útil é experimentar diferentes algoritmos e comparar o desempenho das soluções obtidas.

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias en Ingeniería de Sistemas) UANL, 2011.

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Resumen tomado de la publicación

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El trabajo ha sido desarrollado en el Departamento de Organización y Gestión de Empresas en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universidad de Valladolid. El objetivo fundamental del libro producto del proyecto, es el de facilitar al alumno una visión integral de las técnicas metaheurísticas orientadas a la optimización. Los temas tratados se desglosan en: 1) Introducción, 2) Redes neuronales, 3) Algoritmos genéticos, 4) Recocido simulado, 5) Búsqueda Tabú, 6) Otras técnicas. El trabajo permitirá instaurar metodologías que motiven más directamente a los alumnos en su aprendizaje.

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Material creado para trabajar la heurística en la resolución de problemas en el aula. Se desarrolla una propuesta curricular en la que se pone especial énfasis en trabajar el método heurístico con el objetivo de obtener una mejor comprensión de las operaciones mentales típicamente útiles en la resolución de problemas y desarrollar hábitos y actitudes que sirvan de herramienta para facilitar la idea creativa y la confianza necesarias para la resolución de problemas. Los materiales se dividen en tres partes: en la primera se describe cada una de las cuatro fases del método de resolución de problemas de Polya y se proporcionan algunas ejemplificaciones; en la segunda se incluye una colección de 25 problemas con sus correspondientes fichas con el enunciado, las ayudas y las ampliaciones, el material, los bloques, los hechos, conceptos y principios, los procedimientos, los comentarios y observaciones y varias resoluciones; y en la tercera se propone una colección de problemas sin resolver para utilizar en los distintos cursos de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. En cuanto a la evaluación del proceso de aprendizaje del alumnado, se indican los criterios generales de evaluación y se proponen orientaciones e instrumentos para la evaluación en cada una de sus fases inicial, formativa y final. Se realiza, también, una evaluación de la propuesta curricular con diez grupos de alumnos, resultando una experiencia muyrecomendable y válida para cualquie nivel: basta cambiar los problemas, pero no el método.

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Trata sobre la UVE heurística y los mapas conceptuales propuestos, respectivamente, por D.B. Gowin y J.D. Novak en el año 1984; dos instrumentos útiles para pautar el proceso de trabajo del alumnado. Se describe cómo gestionar su utilización para obtener de ellos el máximo rendimiento, siguiendo el esquema siguiente: utilidad intrínseca y ventajas sobre otros instrumentos afines; descripción del instrumento; protocolo de introducción en el aula; forma de evaluarlos con ejemplos prácticos de evaluación y ejemplos de aplicación a diferentes disciplinas.

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Analizar diversas estrategias de solución de problemas (concretamente herramientas heurísticas) con el fin de elaborar un curso dedicado a los profesores en el que se enseñe a fomentar entre los escolares el uso de estas estrategias. Colecciones de problemas: seleccionados a partir de una encuesta a 245 estudiantes de tercero de Escuela Universitaria de Profesorado (especialidad Ciencias) que realizaron las prácticas en Valencia y provincia. En total manejan más de 9000 problemas para los cursos tercero, cuarto y quinto de EGB. Muestra de estudiantes de Escuela Universitaria que reciben un curso de entrenamiento heurístico. A.- Elaboración de un modelo teórico para enmarcar las estrategias de aprendizaje. B.- Análisis de problemas e identificación de las estrategias heurísticas: utilizan como variables de clasificación la colección, curso, tipo de problema, tema al que se refiere y herramienta heurística contenida. C.- Curso de entrenamiento heurístico. Utilizan un protocolo con preguntas dirigidas a especificar las fases de resolución y las operaciones implicadas. En la evaluación se presenta al sujeto una prueba ad hoc y se examina su desempeño. Problemas seleccionados y taxonomías de clasificación desarrolladas ad hoc. Prueba de comprensión y conocimientos ad hoc con 8 problemas y preguntas sobre ellos. En primer lugar, el modelo teórico desarrollado parte de las concepciones de Poyla (1957 y 1966). Respecto al análisis de problemas, se observa un promedio de 3 problemas diarios. Además se observa un alto porcentaje de problemas de reconocimiento en detrimento de otros aspectos más importantes (VGR comprensión). Por otro lado, se observa que un 20 por ciento de los problemas analizados tienen herramientas heurísticas implícitas. Respecto al curso diseñado, se especifican las características y programas elaborados. En primer lugar se observa que en el currículum de Matemáticas dominan las taxonomías de objetivos, lo cual los convierte en excesivamente cerrados. Además, los problemas analizados se concentran en unos pocos tipos que llevan implícitos unas pocas estrategias (en general, las menos creativas).