The main-sequence rotation-colour relation in the Coma Berenices open cluster

We present the results of a photometric survey of rotation rates in the Coma Berenices (Melotte 111) open cluster, using data obtained as part of the SuperWASP exoplanetary transit-search programme. The goal of the Coma survey was to measure precise rotation periods for main-sequence F, G and K dwarfs in this intermediate-age (~600 Myr) cluster, and to determine the extent to which magnetic braking has caused the stellar spin periods to converge. We find a tight, almost linear relationship between rotation period and J - K colour with an rms scatter of only 2 per cent. The relation is similar to that seen among F, G and K stars in the Hyades. Such strong convergence can only be explained if angular momentum is not at present being transferred from a reservoir in the deep stellar interiors to the surface layers. We conclude that the coupling time-scale for angular momentum transport from a rapidly spinning radiative core to the outer convective zone must be substantially shorter than the cluster age, and that from the age of Coma onwards stars rotate effectively as solid bodies. The existence of a tight relationship between stellar mass and rotation period at a given age supports the use of stellar rotation period as an age indicator in F, G and K stars of Hyades age and older. We demonstrate that individual stellar ages can be determined within the Coma population with an internal precision of the order of 9 per cent (rms), using a standard magnetic braking law in which rotation period increases with the square root of stellar age. We find that a slight modification to the magnetic-braking power law, P ~ t0.56, yields rotational and asteroseismological ages in good agreement for the Sun and other stars of solar age for which p-mode studies and photometric rotation periods have been published.

Evaluation of hepatic changes and local and systemic immune responses in goats immunized with recombinant Peroxiredoxin (Prx) and challenged with Fasciola hepatica

Protection against Fasciola hepatica in goats immunized with Peroxiredoxin (Prx) was assessed. The experimental trial consisted of three groups of seven animals: group 1 were unimmunized and uninfected, group 2 were immunized with adjuvant only and group 3 were immunized with recombinant Prx in adjuvant (immunized and infected). Immunization with Prx in Quil A adjuvant, group 3, induced a reduction in fluke burden of 33.04% when compared to adjuvant control, group 2, although this difference was not significant. The hepatic gross and microscopical morphometric study revealed lower damage in the Prx-immunized compared to group 2 (p

Immunovirological Correlates in Human Rabies Treated With Therapeutic Coma

A 37-year-old woman was admitted to hospital and over the next 5 days developed a progressive encephalitis. Nuchal skin biopsy, analyzed using a Rabies TaqMan(C) PCR, demonstrated rabies virus RNA. She had a history in keeping with exposure to rabies whilst in South Africa, but had not received pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis. She was treated with a therapeutic coma according to the

Vitamin B-6 deficiency in rats reduces hepatic serine hydroxymethyltransferase and cystathionine beta-synthase activities and rates of in vivo protein turnover, homocysteine remethylation and transsulfuration

Vitamin B-6 deficiency causes mild elevation in plasma homocysteine, but the mechanism has not been clearly established. Serine is a substrate in one-carbon metabolism and in the transsulfuration pathway of homocysteine catabolism, and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) plays a key role as coenzyme for serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) and enzymes of transsulfuration. In this study we used [H-2(3)]serine as a primary tracer to examine the remethylation pathway in adequately nourished and vitamin B-6-deficient rats pi and 0.1 mg pyridoxine (PN)/kg diet]. [H-2(3)]Leucine and [1-C-13]methionine were also used to examine turnover of protein and methionine pools, respectively, All tracers were injected intraperitoneally as a bolus dose, and then rats were killed (n = 4/time point) after 30, 60 and 120 min. Rats fed the low-PN diet had significantly lower growth and plasma and liver PLP concentrations, reduced liver SHMT activity, greater plasma and liver total homocysteine concentration, and reduced liver S-adenosylmethionine concentration. Hepatic and whole body protein turnover were reduced in vitamin B-6-deficient rats as evidenced by greater isotopic enrichment of [H-2(3)]leucine. Hepatic [H-2(2)]methionine production from [H-2(3)]serine via cytosolic SHMT and the remethylation pathway was reduced by 80.6% in vitamin B-6 deficiency. The deficiency did not significantly reduce hepatic cystathionine-beta-synthase activity, and in vivo hepatic transsulfuration flux shown by production of [H-2(3)]cysteine from the [H-2(3)]serine increased over twofold. In contrast, plasma appearance of [H-2(3)]cysteine was decreased by 89% in vitamin B-6 deficiency. The rate of hepatic homocysteine production shown by the ratio of [1-C-13]homocysteine/[1-C-13]methionine areas under enrichment vs. time curves was not affected by vitamin B-6 deficiency. Overall, these results indicate that vitamin B-6 deficiency substantially affects one-carbon metabolism by impairing both methyl group production for homocysteine remethylation and flux through whole-body transsulfuration.

A proposed mechanism for chlorpromazine jaundice--defective hepatic sulphoxidation combined with rapid hydroxylation

On the basis of previous experimental studies we postulated that individuals who were phenotypically good hydroxylators but poor sulphoxidisers would be susceptible to chlorpromazine jaundice. Sulphoxidation capacity was assessed in 12 subjects with a history of chlorpromazine jaundice, using S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine as an in vivo probe. Following an oral dose of 750 mg, unchanged compound and sulphoxide metabolites were measured in urine. All 12 subjects (100%) were shown to be poor sulphoxidisers compared to 22% of normal controls (P less than 0.001) and 23.8% of liver disease controls (P less than 0.001). No subjects with a history of chlorpromazine jaundice had an impaired hydroxylation capacity as assessed by recovery of 4-hydroxydebrisoquine in urine following oral debrisoquine. The results support the hypothesis and demonstrate an inherent metabolic basis of susceptibility to chlorpromazine jaundice.

Tissue plasminogen activator for hepatic vein thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal disorder thought to arise in a multipotent haemopoietic stem cell. A distinct clinical feature is a tendency to thrombosis, with a particular predilection for the hepatic veins (Budd-Chiari syndrome). We report here on two patients with PNH who developed hepatic vein thrombosis (HVT) and who were treated with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Both patients had a marked clinical and radiological improvement following the t-PA treatment and remain well over 2 years and 6 years after the treatment. This method of thrombolysis for HVT occurring in PNH has only been reported in two previous patients with limited follow-up. We suggest that this therapy is a useful first-line treatment for PNH patients who develop HVT.

Fulminant hepatic failure: a Portuguese experience

BACKGROUND: Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a rare condition. Several series have been reported either by individual centres or in multicentre studies but, to our knowledge, this is the first report from a Portuguese population and might be a good example of FHF cases in a SouthWestern European population. AIMS: To present the experience in FHF of a Portuguese Hepatogastroenterological Intensive Care Unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 61 cases of FHF consecutively admitted between February 1992 and October 2006. Definition and classification of FHF were those suggested by Trey and Davidson (1970) and O'Grady et al. (1993), respectively. Criteria and contraindications for hepatic transplantation (HT) were those proposed by Bernuau et al. (1991) and Muñoz (1993), respectively. RESULTS: Fifty-seven per cent of patients were women and median age was 37 years (range: 8-73). Most common cause of FHF was indeterminate (26%) followed by viral (23%) and drug-induced (23%), with 51% of cases with a hyperacute evolution. Global HT rate was 54% with criteria for HT present in 87% of the patients resulting in an applicability rate of 62%. Overall survival was 69% and transplant-free survival was 15%; transplanted patients had survival rates of 70 and 68% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Drug-induced and viral agents were responsible for almost half of FHF cases with a clear predominance of hyperacute presentation. The HT rate was 54% and the applicability rate was 62%. The overall 1 year survival of 69% might reflect the adequacy of the HT criteria used.

A influência da estimulação auditiva na pessoa em coma

Este estudo teve como finalidade compreender os efeitos da estimulação auditiva com uma voz desconhecida e familiar, na pessoa em coma nos parâmetros e curvas monitorizados em ambiente de cuidados intensivos. A revisão da literatura acerca da comunicação verbal em cuidados intensivos e consequente análise de conteúdo foi utilizada para construir a mensagem estímulo, que foi refinada e validada por um grupo de peritos. Esta mensagem é constituída por três partes: apresentação e orientação, informação e avaliação funcional e estimulação, e serviu como referência para a gravação das mensagens no estudo que se seguiu. Neste estudo também foi traduzida, adaptada para a realidade Portuguesa e convertida em linguagem CIPE® a Coma Recovery Scale – Revised, que deu origem ao Instrumento de Avaliação da Recuperação do Coma da Universidade de Aveiro (IARCUA), que foi sujeito a testes de fiabilidade.Os resultados da análise sugerem que o referido instrumento pode ser utilizado com fiabilidade, mesmo quando existem algumas flutuações no estado clínico das pessoas. A correlação dos scores das subescalas foi elevada e superior aos resultados apresentados para a escala original, indicando que esta escala é um instrumento indicado para a avaliação da função neuro-comportamental. O estudo da influência da estimulação auditiva foi realizado com uma amostra de 10 pessoas em coma internadas no Serviço de Cuidados Intensivos do Hospital de Santo António, no ano de 2009, com total autorização da Comissão de Ética do referido Hospital, sendo a selecção baseada numa avaliação preliminar através do instrumento referido e avaliação dos potenciais evocados auditivos do tronco cerebral. A pessoa significativa foi seleccionada através da aplicação de testes sociométricos. A todos os participantes foram dadas informações escritas acerca do estudo e foi concedido um período de tempo para reflexão e posterior decisão acerca da autorização ou não da aplicação do estudo. O tempo total de recolha de dados foi de 45 minutos distribuídos equitativamente por três períodos: pré-estimulação, estimulação e pós-estimulação. Os valores recolhidos foram os das curvas de ECG, das pressões arteriais e pletismografia de pulso e dos parâmetros de frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média, temperatura corporal periférica e saturação parcial de oxigénio, utilizando-se o programa Datex-Ohmeda S/5 Collect para o efeito. A análise estatística e clínica dos dados, foi realizada por períodos de estimulação e fases da mensagem estímulo, aplicando-se testes estatísticos e uma análise baseada em critérios de relevância clínica.Os resultados demonstraram que na estimulação com uma voz desconhecida se verificou um aumento dos valores da frequência cardíaca, dos valores das pressões arteriais sistólicas, diastólicas e médias, na transição entre os períodos de préestimulação e estimulação e que estes valores tendem a normalizar quando termina a estimulação. Estas alterações foram corroboradas pela análise dos intervalos RR e da curva de pressões arteriais. Em relação à estimulação com uma voz familiar, as pessoas também reagiram aquando da estimulação com aumento dos valores da frequência cardíaca e dos valores das pressões arteriais sistólicas, diastólicas e médias. No entanto em alguns casos verificámos que os valores destes parâmetros continuaram a aumentar no período de pós-estimulação, o que revela que os utentes desenvolveram episódios de ansiedade de separação. Relativamente à temperatura corporal periférica e saturação parcial de oxigénio, em ambos os casos, não verificámos alterações aquando da estimulação. Relativamente às fases da mensagem estímulo, durante a estimulação com uma voz desconhecida, os participantes apresentaram uma maior variabilidade nos valores da frequência cardíaca, pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média na fase de avaliação funcional e estimulação. Esta constatação é corroborada pela análise das curvas monitorizadas. Em relação à estimulação com uma voz familiar, além de reagirem nos mesmos parâmetros com maior intensidade na fase de avaliação funcional e estimulação, os participantes também reagiram de forma relevante na fase de apresentação e orientação. Este estudo contribui para a reflexão sobre a prática comunicacional com as pessoas inconscientes, no sentido de sensibilizar os enfermeiros e outros profissionais de saúde para a importância da comunicação nas unidades de cuidados intensivos e contribuir igualmente para a melhoria da qualidade de cuidados.