910 resultados para Hemoglobin D Los Angeles
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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A variante de hemoglobina (Hb) D mais comum, Hb D Los Angeles ou D Punjab, é originada de uma transversão GAA->CAA no códon 121 da globina beta; essa mutação resulta na substituição do ácido glutâmico por glutamina na proteína. É a terceira variante de hemoglobina mais freqüente da população brasileira. Como as hemoglobinas D apresentam migração similar à hemoglobina S em pH alcalino, e com a hemoglobina A em pH ácido, são necessários vários testes para o correto diagnóstico. No presente estudo objetivou-se relacionar os diferentes procedimentos laboratoriais de rotina diagnóstica, além da análise molecular, para estabelecer o perfil de Hb D Los Angeles no Brasil. Foram analisados 47 indivíduos da população brasileira com provável Hb D Los Angeles, por vários procedimentos eletroforéticos em diferentes condições de pH, além da cromatografia líquida de alta pressão, e testes moleculares para confirmação da mutação. Foram encontrados quatro tipos de combinações de hemoglobinas: 42 indivíduos portadores de hemoglobina AD Los Angeles, dois indivíduos com doença de Hb S/D Los Angeles, dois indivíduos com Hb D Los Angeles e talassemia beta e um indivíduo com Hb D Los Angeles e Hb Lepore. Os indivíduos heterozigotos para D Los Angeles são assintomáticos, entretanto, em associação com outras variantes e talassemias podem apresentar graus variáveis de manifestações clínicas. Os resultados apresentados enfatizaram a necessidade da associação de várias metodologias para a identificação da Hb D Los Angeles, além de auxiliar na elucidação de combinações raras.
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This review discusses hemoglobin D-Punjab, also known as hemoglobin D-Los Angeles, one of the most common hemoglobin variants worldwide. It is derived from a point mutation in the beta-globin gene (HBB: c.364G>C; rs33946267) prevalent in the Punjab region, Northwestern Indian. Hemoglobin D-Punjab can be inherited in heterozygosis with hemoglobin A causing no clinical or hematological alterations, or in homozygosis, the rarest form of inheritance, a condition that is commonly not related to clinical symptomatology. Moreover, this variant can exist in association with other hemoglobinopathies, such as thalassemias; the most noticeable clinical alterations occur when hemoglobin D-Punjab is associated to hemoglobin S. The clinical manifestations of this association can be similar to homozygosis for hemoglobin S. Although hemoglobin D-Punjab is a common variant globally with clinical importance especially in cases of double heterozygosis, hemoglobin S/D-Punjab is still understudied. In Brazil, for example, hemoglobin D-Punjab is the third most common hemoglobin variant. Thus, this paper summarizes information about the origin, geographic distribution, characterization and occurrence of hemoglobin D-Punjab haplotypes to try to improve our knowledge of this variant. Moreover, a list of the main techniques used in its identification is provided emphasizing the importance of complementary molecular analysis for accurate diagnosis.
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Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias con especialidad en Genética)
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UANL
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UANL
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UANL
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UANL
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Fecha : "a dos días del mes de agosto de mil setecientos y sesenta y nueve años", tomado de final de texto
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El Mercurio christiano: oracion funeral en las exequias del Excmo. Señor Don Mercurio Antonio Lopez Pacheco... que celebró la Real Academia Española / la dixo el R.P.M. Fr. Antonio Ventura de Prado... . Elogio historico del Excmo. Señor Don Mercurio Antonio Lopez Pacheco ... / por el Doct. Don Blás Antonio Nassarre y Terriz...
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An economic air pollution control model, which determines the least cost of reaching various air quality levels, is formulated. The model takes the form of a general, nonlinear, mathematical programming problem. Primary contaminant emission levels are the independent variables. The objective function is the cost of attaining various emission levels and is to be minimized subject to constraints that given air quality levels be attained.
The model is applied to a simplified statement of the photochemical smog problem in Los Angeles County in 1975 with emissions specified by a two-dimensional vector, total reactive hydrocarbon, (RHC), and nitrogen oxide, (NOx), emissions. Air quality, also two-dimensional, is measured by the expected number of days per year that nitrogen dioxide, (NO2), and mid-day ozone, (O3), exceed standards in Central Los Angeles.
The minimum cost of reaching various emission levels is found by a linear programming model. The base or "uncontrolled" emission levels are those that will exist in 1975 with the present new car control program and with the degree of stationary source control existing in 1971. Controls, basically "add-on devices", are considered here for used cars, aircraft, and existing stationary sources. It is found that with these added controls, Los Angeles County emission levels [(1300 tons/day RHC, 1000 tons /day NOx) in 1969] and [(670 tons/day RHC, 790 tons/day NOx) at the base 1975 level], can be reduced to 260 tons/day RHC (minimum RHC program) and 460 tons/day NOx (minimum NOx program).
"Phenomenological" or statistical air quality models provide the relationship between air quality and emissions. These models estimate the relationship by using atmospheric monitoring data taken at one (yearly) emission level and by using certain simple physical assumptions, (e. g., that emissions are reduced proportionately at all points in space and time). For NO2, (concentrations assumed proportional to NOx emissions), it is found that standard violations in Central Los Angeles, (55 in 1969), can be reduced to 25, 5, and 0 days per year by controlling emissions to 800, 550, and 300 tons /day, respectively. A probabilistic model reveals that RHC control is much more effective than NOx control in reducing Central Los Angeles ozone. The 150 days per year ozone violations in 1969 can be reduced to 75, 30, 10, and 0 days per year by abating RHC emissions to 700, 450, 300, and 150 tons/day, respectively, (at the 1969 NOx emission level).
The control cost-emission level and air quality-emission level relationships are combined in a graphical solution of the complete model to find the cost of various air quality levels. Best possible air quality levels with the controls considered here are 8 O3 and 10 NO2 violations per year (minimum ozone program) or 25 O3 and 3 NO2 violations per year (minimum NO2 program) with an annualized cost of $230,000,000 (above the estimated $150,000,000 per year for the new car control program for Los Angeles County motor vehicles in 1975).
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I. Foehn winds of southern California.
An investigation of the hot, dry and dust laden winds
occurring in the late fall and early winter in the Los Angeles
Basin and attributed in the past to the influences of the desert
regions to the north revealed that these currents were of a
foehn nature. Their properties were found to be entirely due
to dynamical heating produced in the descent from the high level
areas in the interior to the lower Los Angeles Basin. Any dust
associated with the phenomenon was found to be acquired from the
Los Angeles area rather than transported from the desert. It was
found that the frequency of occurrence of a mild type foehn of this
nature during this season was sufficient to warrant its classification
as a winter monsoon. This results from the topography of
the Los Angeles region which allows an easy entrance to the air
from the interior by virtue of the low level mountain passes north
of the area. This monsoon provides the mild winter climate of
southern California since temperatures associated with the foehn
currents are far higher than those experienced when maritime air
from the adjacent Pacific Ocean occupies the region.
II. Foehn wind cyclo-genesis.
Intense anticyclones frequently build up over the high level
regions of the Great Basin and Columbia Plateau which lie between
the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Mountains to the west and the Rocky
Mountains to the east. The outflow from these anticyclones produce
extensive foehns east of the Rockies in the comparatively low
level areas of the middle west and the Canadian provinces of
Alberta and Saskatchewan. Normally at this season of the year very
cold polar continental air masses are present over this territory
and with the occurrence of these foehns marked discontinuity surfaces
arise between the warm foehn current, which is obliged to slide over
a colder mass, and the Pc air to the east. Cyclones are
easily produced from this phenomenon and take the form of unstable
waves which propagate along the discontinuity surface between the
two dissimilar masses. A continual series of such cyclones was
found to occur as long as the Great Basin anticyclone is maintained
with undiminished intensity.
III. Weather conditions associated with the Akron disaster.
This situation illustrates the speedy development and
propagation of young disturbances in the eastern United States
during the spring of the year under the influence of the conditionally
unstable tropical maritime air masses which characterise the
region. It also furnishes an excellent example of the superiority
of air mass and frontal methods of weather prediction for aircraft
operation over the older methods based upon pressure distribution.
IV. The Los Angeles storm of December 30, 1933 to January 1, 1934.
This discussion points out some of the fundamental interactions
occurring between air masses of the North Pacific Ocean in connection
with Pacific Coast storms and the value of topographic and
aerological considerations in predicting them. Estimates of rainfall
intensity and duration from analyses of this type may be made and
would prove very valuable in the Los Angeles area in connection with
flood control problems.
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No abstract.
