A Thalamic-Fronto-Parietal Structural Covariance Network Emerging in the Course of Recovery from Hand Paresis after Ischemic Stroke.

AIM To describe structural covariance networks of gray matter volume (GMV) change in 28 patients with first-ever stroke to the primary sensorimotor cortices, and to investigate their relationship to hand function recovery and local GMV change. METHODS Tensor-based morphometry maps derived from high-resolution structural images were subject to principal component analyses to identify the networks. We calculated correlations between network expression and local GMV change, sensorimotor hand function and lesion volume. To verify which of the structural covariance networks of GMV change have a significant relationship to hand function, we performed an additional multivariate regression approach. RESULTS Expression of the second network, explaining 9.1% of variance, correlated with GMV increase in the medio-dorsal (md) thalamus and hand motor skill. Patients with positive expression coefficients were distinguished by significantly higher GMV increase of this structure during stroke recovery. Significant nodes of this network were located in md thalamus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and higher order sensorimotor cortices. Parameter of hand function had a unique relationship to the network and depended on an interaction between network expression and lesion volume. Inversely, network expression is limited in patients with large lesion volumes. CONCLUSION Chronic phase of sensorimotor cortical stroke has been characterized by a large scale co-varying structural network in the ipsilesional hemisphere associated specifically with sensorimotor hand skill. Its expression is related to GMV increase of md thalamus, one constituent of the network, and correlated with the cortico-striato-thalamic loop involved in control of motor execution and higher order sensorimotor cortices. A close relation between expression of this network with degree of recovery might indicate reduced compensatory resources in the impaired subgroup.

Balthasar Graciáns Oracul : das man mit sich führen und stets bey de hand haben kan : das ist Kunst-Regeln der Klugheit

1: vormahls von Abraham Nicolas Amelot de La Houssaye unter dem titel L'Homme de cour ins Französische, anietzo aber aus dem span. Orig. - 2. f.: Aus d. Span. - 1: welches durch u. durch hinzu gefüget worden ins Deutsche übers., mit neuen Anm. 1: in welchen die maximen d. Autoris aus den Principiis d. Sittenlehre erklähret u. beurtheilet werden. - 2 f.: durch August Friedrich Müllern

System der volkswirthschaft; ein hand- und lesebuch für geschäftsmänner und studierende,

Each vol. has also special t.-p.

Reichs=stattisches hand=buch, worinn die heutiges tages noch einen ruzen zu haben scheinende urkunden...aus Herrn Lünigs Reichs=archiv extrahirt...Mit einem register...

Mode of access: Internet.

Geist der leichten Truppen im Felde nach den neuesten taktischen Grundsätzen, oder Bildung des Schützen, Jägers und Partisans; [ein praktisches Hand- und Lehrbuch für Offiziere der leichten Waffe.

Mode of access: Internet.

The importance of the last promise of Jesus Christ to Christian missionaries. A sermon, delivered at Springfield, May 10, 1826, at the ordination of the Rev. Rufus Anderson, as an evangelist, and of the Rev. Messrs. Josiah Brewer, Eli Smith, Cyrus Stone, and Jeremiah Stow, to the high and sacred office of Christian missionaries. ...

Printed buff paper covers.

The Christian Disciples of Christ Church

Inscription: The Christian Disciples of Christ Church. In a different hand: South University Avenue, later moved to Hill & Tappan; On inside cover of album: Taken by Sidney Dean Townley, Graduate Student and Instructor in Astronomy

Auszüge aus dem Buche Jad-Haghasakkah, die starke Hand : Handbuch der Religion

nach dem Thalmud zusammengestellt von Rabbi Moscheh-ben-Maimon, gen. Moses Maimonides aus Spanien ; und nach dem Gutachten der Gelehrten und Rabbinen: Israel Gordon [und 12 weiteren] revidirt und übersetzt ; [herausgegeben von Leon Mandelstamm]

Work at hand : an exploration of gesture in the context of work and everyday life to inform the design of gestural input devices

This research explores gestures used in the context of activities in the workplace and in everyday life in order to understand requirements and devise concepts for the design of gestural information applicances. A collaborative method of video interaction analysis devised to suit design explorations, the Video Card Game, was used to capture and analyse how gesture is used in the context of six different domains: the dentist's office; PDA and mobile phone use; the experimental biologist's laboratory; a city ferry service; a video cassette player repair shop; and a factory flowmeter assembly station. Findings are presented in the form of gestural themes, derived from the tradition of qualitative analysis but bearing some similarity to Alexandrian patterns. Implications for the design of gestural devices are discussed.

Mobile phone use while driving : an investigation of the beliefs influencing drivers’ hands-free and hand-held mobile phone use.

This study explored the psychological influences of hands-free and hand-held mobile phone use while driving. Participants were 796 Australian drivers aged 17 to 76 years who owned mobile phones. A cross-sectional survey assessed frequency of calling and text messaging while driving (overall, hands-free, hand-held) as well as drivers’ behavioural, normative, and control beliefs relating to mobile phone use while driving. Irrespective of handset type, 43% of drivers reported answering calls while driving on a daily basis, followed by making calls (36%), reading text messages (27%), and sending text messages (18%). In total, 63.9% of drivers did not own hands-free kits and, of the drivers that owned hand-free kits, 32% did not use it most or all of the time. Significant differences were found in the behavioural, normative, and control beliefs of frequent and infrequent users of both types of handset while driving. As expected, frequent users reported more advantages of, more approval from others for, and fewer barriers that would prevent them from, using either a hands-free or a hand-held mobile phone while driving than infrequent users. Campaigns to reduce mobile phone use while driving should attempt to minimise the perceived benefits of the behaviour and highlight the risks of this unsafe driving practice.

Prehistoric hand stencils at Fern Cave, North Queensland (Australia): environmental and chronological implications of Raman spectroscopy and FT-IR imaging results

Raman spectroscopy and FT-IR imaging analyses of cave wall pigment samples from north Queensland (Australia) indicate that some hand stencils were undertaken during a dry environmental phase indicating late Holocene age. Other, earlier painting episodes also took place during dry environmental periods of the terminal Pleistocene and/or early Holocene. These results represent a rare opportunity to attain chronological information for rock art in conditions where insufficient carbon is present for radiocarbon dating.

Contributions of vision-proprioception interactions to the estimation of time-varying hand and target locations

We investigated the relative importance of vision and proprioception in estimating target and hand locations in a dynamic environment. Subjects performed a position estimation task in which a target moved horizontally on a screen at a constant velocity and then disappeared. They were asked to estimate the position of the invisible target under two conditions: passively observing and manually tracking. The tracking trials included three visual conditions with a cursor representing the hand position: always visible, disappearing simultaneously with target disappearance, and always invisible. The target’s invisible displacement was systematically underestimated during passive observation. In active conditions, tracking with the visible cursor significantly decreased the extent of underestimation. Tracking of the invisible target became much more accurate under this condition and was not affected by cursor disappearance. In a second experiment, subjects were asked to judge the position of their unseen hand instead of the target during tracking movements. Invisible hand displacements were also underestimated when compared with the actual displacement. Continuous or brief presentation of the cursor reduced the extent of underestimation. These results suggest that vision–proprioception interactions are critical for representing exact target–hand spatial relationships, and that such sensorimotor representation of hand kinematics serves a cognitive function in predicting target position. We propose a hypothesis that the central nervous system can utilize information derived from proprioception and/or efference copy for sensorimotor prediction of dynamic target and hand positions, but that effective use of this information for conscious estimation requires that it be presented in a form that corresponds to that used for the estimations.