Efecto de cuatro niveles de inclusión de follaje de guácimo (Guazuma ulmifolia) sobre la producción de leche en cabras

Con el objetivo de identificar forrajes no convencionales para la alimentación de cabras, se llevó a cabo el presente trabajo en la Escuela de Agricultura y Ganadería de Estelí, Nicaragua, utilizando 4 cabras nubias con pesos promedios de 39.5 kg, una producción promedio de leche de 0.5 kg por día, fueron sometidos 4 tratamientos de 0%, 25%, 50% y 75% de inclusión de Guácimo (Guazuma ulmifolia) en un ensayo de 48 días. Las variables estudiadas fueron: producción de leche, consumo, conversión, cambio de peso y costo de oportunidad. Las variables se analizaron a través de un diseño Cross Over Desig los cuales fueron significativos p>0.01 entre los tratamientos obteniéndose la mayor producción de leche de 0.5007 kg por día en el nivel de 75% de Guácimo y el menor rendimiento de leche de 0.3838 kg por día en el 0% de Guácimo, el mayor consumo de alimento con l.2248 kg de materia seca en el tratamiento al 25% de Guácimo y el menor consumo de 1.1348 kg de materia seca se observó en 75% de Guácimo , la mejor conversión de 2.3591 se comportó en el 75 % de Guácimo y la menor conversión de 3.1536 en 0% de Guácimo, la ganancia de peso vivo mayor fue de 32.9 gr por día en el 25 % y el menor peso fue el que se mantuvo en el 0% de Guácimo, el mayor costo de la ración 0.25 córdobas es utilizando el 0% de Guácimo y el menor costo de la ración 0.21 córdobas cuando se uso el 75% de guácimo, obteniendo ganancias brutas de 0.7603 córdobas en el 75% de Guácimo y 0.4589 córdobas en el 0% de Guácimo por litro de leche por día.

Potencial fisiológico de sementes de mutambo (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.) em diferentes procedências

The work had as objective to evaluate the provenances of seeds to verify the efficiency of different tests of vigor for identification of the physiological potential in four lots of seeds of mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.). The study it was developed in the Laboratory of Analysis of Seeds and in the Experimental Fishery of Ornamental and Forest Plants - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP. Four lots of seeds proceeding from three São Paulo localities had been used: lots I and II, collected in the city of Jaboticabal in 2000 and 2001, respectively, lot III: collected in Saint Rita do Passo Quatro and it crowds IV: collected in Luiz Antonio, both in 2001. The seeds used in all the tests had been escarificadas with sulfuric acid during 50 minutes, and washed in current water during 15 minutes. They had been evaluated: seed moisture, test of germination, test of first counting, index of germination speed, emergency in fishery, index of emergency speed. The seeds moisture of the seeds in the different lots had presented small variations (9,2 10.0%). Statistical differences for the germination percentage, emergency in fishery and index of speed of emergency in the different studied lots had not been verified. The tests of first counting and index of germination speed had revealed adequate for evaluation of the physiological potential of the lots. The seeds of lot III proceeding from the city of Santa Rita do Passo Quatro, had presented superior physiological potential to the too much studied lots.

Testes de vigor em sementes de Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.

O trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a eficiência dos testes de vigor para identificação do potencial fisiológico em sementes de Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. O estudo foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes – UNESP/Jaboticabal/SP, utilizando-se quatro lotes de sementes: sendo lotes I e II, coletados no município de Jaboticabal em 2000 e 2001, respectivamente lote III em Santa Rita do Passo Quatro e lote IV, em Luiz Antonio, ambos em 2001. Para superação da dormência, realizou-se a escarificação das sementes com ácido sulfúrico durante 50 minutos e lavagem em água corrente durante 20 minutos. Foram avaliados: teor de água, percentual de germinação, primeira contagem, índice de velocidade de germinação e condutividade elétrica, realizada com diferentes quantidades de sementes (50, 75, 100), postas para embeber em copos de plástico contendo 50 e 75mL de água deionizada, durante 72 horas à 250 C. As sementes do lote III apresentaram potencial fisiológico superior às sementes dos demais lotes estudados. Para o teste de condutividade elétrica são necessários outros estudos, visando à possibilidade de uso como teste padrão de vigor para a espécie, enquanto que os testes de primeira contagem e índice de velocidade de germinação mostraram-se adequados para avaliação do vigor dos lotes.

Antiviral effect of Guazuma ulmifolia and Stryphnodendron adstringens on poliovirus and bovine herpesvirus

Crude extract (CE) and aqueous (AqF) and ethyl acetate (EtOAcF) fractions of Guazuma ulmifolia LAM., Sterculiaceae and the corresponding AqF, EtOAcF of Stryphnodendron adstringens (MART.) COVILLE, Leguminosae were tested for their antiviral activity against poliovirus 1 (P-1) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) in HEp2 cultured cells. The antiviral activity was monitored by plaque assay and immunolluorescence assay (IFA) under virucidal and therapeutic protocols. The therapeutic protocol demonstrated statistically significant positive results with both plants and for both virus strains. The highest percentages of viral inhibition were found for G. ulmifolia EtOAcF which inhibited BHV-1 and P-1 replication by 100% and 99%, respectively (p < 0.05, Student's t-test). For S. adstringens, AqF was the most efficient, inhibiting BHV-1 and P-1 by 97% and 93%, respectively (p < 0.05). In the virucidal protocol, G. ulmifolia CE inhibited the replication of BHV-1 and P-1 by 60% and 26%, respectively (p < 0.05), while, for S. adstringens, inhibition of 62% (p < 0.05) was demonstrated only with EtOAcF for P-1. IFA demonstrated that the greatest reduction in fluorescent cell number occurred with G. ulmifolia, under the therapeutic protocol for both virus strains. However, AqF and EtOAcF of S. adstringens were most efficient with the virucidal protocol for P-1 In conclusion, we demonstrated that G. ulmifolia and S. adstringens inhibited BHV-1 and P-1 replication, as well as, blocked the synthesis of viral antigens in infected cell cultures.

Antidiarrheal activity of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Sterculiaceae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Contribuição de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares autóctones no crescimento de Guazuma ulmifolia em solo de cerrado degradado

Ensaios foram conduzidos, em casa de vegetação, com solos de pastagem degradada reflorestada e cerrado preservado (controle) visando avaliar a contribuição de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) autóctones no crescimento de mutambo (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamb.). As mudas foram transplantadas para sacos de plástico (2 kg) com substratos esterilizados na proporção 4:1 (solo:areia), e o tratamento inoculado recebeu 300 esporos de FMA por saco. A inoculação não proporcionou aumento significativo na produção da matéria seca da parte aérea, matéria fresca das raízes e altura da planta, sugerindo que a G. ulmifolia não é responsiva à micorrização.

Evidence of higher photosynthetic plasticity in the early successional Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. compared to the late successional Hymenaea courbaril L. grown in contrasting light environments

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização citogenética em Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (Mimosoideae) e Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Sterculiaceae)

Análises cariotípicas são importantes ferramentas de auxílio aos estudos de relações taxonômicas dentro dos grupos vegetais. Espécies arbóreas nativas encontradas no cerrado brasileiro têm sido pouco analisadas do ponto de vista citogenético e citotaxonômico. Com o objetivo de determinar o número cromossômico diplóide, a biometria e a morfologia cromossômica de Anadenanthera colubrina (angico-branco) e Guazuma ulmifolia (mutambo), sementes dessas espécies foram coletadas no município de Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. A utilização de 8-hidroxiquinoleína 0,003M a 36ºC, durante três horas possibilitou a separação cromossômica. Coloração Giemsa 2% por três minutos permitiu o estudo cariológico. A classificação cromossômica foi baseada no índice centromérico. Anadenanthera colubrina possui 2n = 26 cromossomos com comprimento cromossômico médio de 1,349 µm ± 0,017 e formulação cariotípica 8SM + 14M + 2T + 2AC. Guazuma ulmifolia apresenta 2n = 16 cromossomos com comprimento médio de 1,225 µm ± 0,023 e formulação cariotípica 4SM + 10M + 2T. Esses resultados podem subsidiar estudos de taxonomia, de manipulação cromossômica, bem como auxiliar na produção de progênies híbridas em programas de melhoramento.

Ontogenic development of Guazuma ulmifolia (Sterculiaceae) sapplings

Guazuma ulmifolia is as popular reforestation tree all over Latin America. It is characteristic of the initial stages of the secondary sucession and presents potential utility in the restoring of degraded areas. There is no information about fruit,seed and seedling morphology, which is of fundamental importance for identification, extraction, management and seed germination as well as for the characterization of post-seminal development and normal seedling pattern. To obtain such information, external fruit, and external and internal seed structures were studied considering shape, size, micropile and embryo localization; and tegumentar structures. All stages of this work were conduced in the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus of Jaboticabal city. The fruits were collected in a mixed plantation in Jaboticabal city, State of São Paulo, Brazil. For the bio metric study eight repetitions of ten fruits and eight repetitions of 100 seeds were utilized. For seed internal traits study, 50 seeds were drenched in a distiled water, cut, and observed with a scanning electron microscope and a stereomicroscope, For post-seminal study ten repetitions of seven seeds were scarificated chemically with sulphuric acid during 50 min, and placed to germinate ina culture medium, at 30 degrees C, and eight hours of photoperiod. We found elipsoid, woody, indehiscent, pentacarpelar fruits, with a mean lenght of 22.61 mm (diameter 24.88 mm) and 64.0 seeds per fruit. Seed shape varies, mean length is 3.07 mm (width of 2.36 mm). The seed is bitegumented, tegmic, with a continuous, axial and curved embryo. The germination is epigeal and the seedlings are fanerocotiledoneus. Drawings of all stages are included.

Desarrollo ontogénico de plántulas de Guazuma ulmifolia (Sterculiaceae)

Guazuma ulmifolia is as popular reforestation tree all over Latin America. It is characteristic of the initial stages of the secondary sucession and presents potential utility in the restoring of degraded areas. There is no information about fruit, seed and seedling morphology, which is of fundamental importance for identification, extraction, management and seed germination as well as for the characterization of post-seminal development and normal seedling pattern. To obtain such information, external fruit, and external and internal seed structures were studied considenng shape, size, micropile and embryo localization, and tegumentar structures. All stages of this work were conduced in the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus of Jaboticabal city. The fruits were collected in a mixed plantation in Jaboticabal city, State of São Paulo, Brazil. For the biometric study eight repetitions of ten fruits and eight repetitions of 100 seeds were utilized. For seed internal traits study, 50 seeds were drenched in a distiled water, cut, and observed with a scanning electron microscope and a stereomicroscope. For post-seminal study ten repetitions of seven seeds were scarificated chemically with sulphuric acid during 50 min, and placed to germinate in a culture medium, at 30°C, and eight hours of photoperiod. We found elipsoid, woody, indehiscent, pentacarpelar fruits, with a mean lenght of 22.61 mm (diameter 24.88 mm) and 64.0 seeds per fruit. Seed shape varies, mean length is 3.07 mm (width of 2.36 mm).The seed is bitegumented, tegmic, with a continuous, axial and curved embryo. The germination is epigeal and the seedlings are fanerocotiledoneus. Drawings of all stages are included.

Germinative pretreatments to dormancy break in Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. seeds

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Contribuição ao estudo farmacognóstico da mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia - Sterculiaceae)

Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Sterculiaceae, popularly known as mutamba, has a wide geographical distribution, ranging from Mexico to Southern Brazil. The interest in its chemical properties is due to its popular use for hair loss treatment. This activity can be attributed to tannins that have many pharmacological activities such anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-microbial, anti-viral, capillary protective action and radical scavenging properties. In the microscopic analysis of barks and leaves, large secretor ducts could be detected among the parenchyma cells, as well as star shaped trichoms on the epidermis. One of the aims of the anatomical study was to detect tissues with polyphenolic compounds. The results indicated two tissues rich in these compounds: the phloematic region and the periderm. Chemical analyses were carried out on the bark and showed the presence of the following chemical groups: flavonoids, tannins, saponins and mucilages.

Divergência genética entre árvores matrizes de Guazuma ulmifolia Lam

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)