A history of the papacy from the great schism to the sack of Rome /

Includes index.

A history of the papacy from the great schism to the sack of Rome.

Includes bibliographical references.

Les discours de Pierre Plaoul au Parlement de Paris (1406) : un exemple des rhétoriques française et latine au Moyen Âge tardif

Le 27 mai 1406, le théologien parisien Pierre Plaoul comparaît devant la cour du Parlement de Paris en tant que représentant de l’Université de Paris dans une affaire qui l’oppose à l’Université de Toulouse. Il y prononce un sermon en latin, ce que la cour lui reproche instantanément, lui demandant de parler en français pour la prochaine séance. Le 7 juin, lors de sa deuxième comparution, il parle cette fois en langue vernaculaire et prononce un discours extrêmement différent du premier, autant dans son genre que dans son registre de citations. Les deux discours sont conservés dans le registre X1a4787 des Archives nationales de France. L’édition des discours permet de comprendre le raisonnement derrière leurs différences, mais il permet surtout de constater que le discours français fait état d’une érudition encore plus grande que son homologue latin et que son orateur n’était nullement gêné par l’usage de la langue vernaculaire. Remis dans le contexte historiographique actuel, il en ressort que l’utilisation du français par Plaoul concorde parfaitement avec l’abandon du modèle de rapport diglossique entre latin et français pour la fin du Moyen Âge, lui préférant plutôt un rapport de langues en contacts. Ce postulat est soutenu par les nombreuses occurrences d’universitaires médiévaux démontrant une excellente maîtrise d’un registre savant de la langue vulgaire, des poètes, aux prédicateurs en passant par les practiciens du droit. Un examen plus attentif de l’utilisation de la langue française par les docteurs en théologie du règne de Charles VI vient aussi appuyer l’hypothèse selon laquelle les universitaires du bas Moyen Âge considéraient la langue vernaculaire comme un instrument approprié à la transmission de la culture savante.

A history of the papacy during the period of the reformation,

v. 1. The great schism: The Council of Constance, 1378-1418.--v. 2. The Council of Basel: The Papal resoration, 1418-1464.--v. 3. The Italian Princes, 1464-1518.--v. 4. The Italian Princes, 1464-1518.--v. 5. The German revolt, 1517-1527.

Comparing international television news : the case of violence presentation in Germany, Great Britain and Russia -- [in German : Gewalt in internationalen Fernsehnachrichten - eine komparative Analyse medialer Gewaltpräsentation in Deutschland, Großbritannien und Russland]

This is an important book that ought to launch a debate about how we research our understanding of the world, it is an innovative intervention in a vital public issue, and it is an elegant and scholarly hard look at what is actually happening. Jean Seaton, Prof of Media History, U of Westminster, UK & Official Historian of the BBC -- Summary: This book investigates the question of how comparative studies of international TV news (here: on violence presentation) can best be conceptualized in a way that allows for crossnational, comparative conclusions on an empirically validated basis. This book shows that such a conceptualization is necessary in order to overcome existing restrictions in the comparability of international analysis on violence presentation. Investigated examples include the most watched news bulletins in Great Britain (10o'clock news on the BBC), Germany (Tagesschau on ARD) and Russia (Vremja on Channel 1). This book highlights a substantial cross-national violence news flow as well as a cross-national visual violence flow (key visuals) as distinct transnational components. In addition, event-related textual analysis reveals how the historical rootedness of nations and its symbols of power are still manifested in televisual mediations of violence. In conclusion, this study lobbies for a conscientious use of comparative data/analysis both in journalism research and practice in order to understand what it may convey in the different arenas of today’s newsmaking.

Too great expectations?

Teachers have always been charged with the task of turning out the next generation of citizens—educated, healthy in mind, and healthy in body. The central question here is: how far should this responsibility extend? Just how much can we reasonably expect teachers to be responsible for? And just what should schools be responsible for? Obviously, teachers ought to be responsible for the fundamentals of learning, but should they be held accountable for what the children eat, or how they choose to behave, or for every single risk, direct or indirect, that could conceivably occur within the school grounds? These are precisely the kinds of expectation that have become part of educational life. Bit by bit, new forms of responsibility are being added to the site of the school and, more specifically, to the professional life of the teacher. The intention here is not necessarily to challenge any of these diverse changes, but rather to express concern about their cumulative effect on the ability of the school to do its primary job effectively.

Under great pressure, a diamond is being formed: The SBS over time

This article observes a paradox in the recent history of the Special Broadcasting Service. It is argued that, in contrast to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, the role and general direction of SBS were not extensively debated as part of the ‘culture wars’ that occurred during the years of the Howard government. While that made SBS a less fraught space during that period, it may now be a factor in the comparative lack of support being given by the Rudd Labor government to SBS in comparison with the ABC, as some of the ‘special’ status of SBS has been blunted by its drift towards more mainstream programming and a mixed economy of commercial advertising, as well as government funding.

Great adaptations : China's creative clusters and the new social contract

The transformation of China's urban landscape has witnessed a boom in cultural adaptation, namely the adaptation of a Western idea, the creative cluster. This chapter examines the formatting of hundreds of creative clusters-art centres, animation bases, cultural zones, and incubators. The cluster has important implications for how we understand China going forward into the second decade of the 21st century. The cluster phenomenon has resulted in to a substantive remaking of the social contract, between officials, entrepreneurs, local residents, academics-and most significantly cultural producers. However, these processes of adaption are mostly driven by real estate developers working in partnership with local government officials. Cut and paste design is the fast road to completion. In this sense, the description 'creative' may well be redundant.

A New robot for environmental monitoring on the Great Barrier Reef

A vast amount of research into autonomous underwater navigation has, and is, being conducted around the world. However, typical research and commercial platforms have limited autonomy and are generally unable to navigate efficiently within coral reef environments without tethers and significant external infrastructure. This paper outlines the development and presents experimental results into the performance evaluation of a new robotic vehicle for underwater monitoring and surveying in highly unstructured environments. The hybrid AUV design developed by the CSIRO robotic reef monitoring team realises a compromise between endurance, manoeuvrability and functionality. The vehicle represents a new era in AUV design specifically focused at providing a truly lowcost research capability that will progress environmental monitoring through unaided navigation, cooperative robotics, sensor network distribution and data harvesting.

Bringing protection home : healing the schism between international obligations and national safeguards created by extraterritorial processing

Extraterritorial processing schemes are designed to prevent and deter access to statutory and judicial safeguards in the country responsible for the interception and transfer of asylum seekers to a third country. In line with this objective, they incorporate interdiction, transfer and processing practices and standards that are deliberately isolated from the national legal and institutional protections within either the intercepting state or the third country where processing occurs. Australia's recent disbandment of its extraterritorial processing centres in third countries highlights the fact that extraterritorial processing schemes have proven unworkable as a matter of international law, as they negate the national safeguards fundamental to the satisfaction of a state's protection obligations.