86 resultados para Gastroenterite hemorrágica
Resumo:
Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is an antineoplastic agent used for the treatment of many neoplastic and inflammatory diseases. Hemorrhagic cystitis is a frequent side effect of CYP. Several studies show that simvastatin has important pleiotropic (anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory) effects. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of simvastatin on bladder, ureter and kidney injury caused by CYP. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. The CYP/SIM group received simvastatin microemulsion by gavage during 7 days (10 mg/kg body wt) before the administration of CYP and the CYP/SAL group rats received saline 0.9%. The control rats were not treated. After that, all rats were treated with a single dose of CYP 200 mg/kg body wt intraperitoneally. The rats were killed 24 h after CYP administration. Plasma cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6) were measured by ELISA. Macro and light microscopic study was performed in the bladder, kidney and ureter. Results: In the bladders of CYP/SIMV treated rats edema of lamina propria with epithelial and sub-epithelial hemorrhage were lower than in CYP/SAL treated rats. The scores for macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of bladder and ureter were significantly lower in CYP/SIMV rats than in CYP/SAL rats. The kidney was not affected. The expression of TNF-a, IL-1b and IL-6 was significatly lower in CF/SINV rats (164.8±22, 44.8±8 and 52.4±13) than in CF/SAL rats (378.5±66, 122.9±26 e 123.6±18), respectively. Conclusion: The results of the current study suggest that simvastatin pretreatment attenuated CYP-induced urotelium inflammation and decreased the activities of cytokines
Resumo:
Escherichia coli productor de toxina Shiga (STEC) es un grupo bacteriano asociado a enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos. Algunos serotipos de STEC representan un grave problema para la Salud Pública, causando diarrea, colitis hemorrágica y síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH). En Argentina el SUH es endémico y constituye la primera causa de insuficiencia renal aguda en niños menores de 5 años. Los recientes brotes en el mundo de enfermedades causadas por E. coli no-O157, han resultado fuertemente impactantes no solo a nivel de la salud pública sino también a nivel comercial. Estos eventos han puesto en evidencia la necesidad de contar con un nuevo marco legislativo en materia alimentaria. En Argentina la reciente aprobación por parte dela Comisión Nacional de Alimentos (CONAL) respecto de la incorporación al Código Alimentario Argentino (CAA) de criterios microbiológicos que incluyen la ausencia de STEC no-O157 favorece la prevención de aquellos serogrupos prevalentes en el país. Estos criterios microbiológicos fueron establecidos para carne picada fresca, alimentos listos para consumir, chacinados, frutas, verduras y hortalizas mínimamente procesadas. Es fundamental destacar que los serogrupos (O145, O121, O26, O111 y O103) propuestos para la modificación del CAA son aquellos que exige la normativa actual de Estados Unidos, y los que indica la Norma ISO 13136, hoy por hoy, la utilizada en la Unión Europea (UE) como referencia en el tema. Esto conlleva beneficios futuros, ya que, al homologar las mismas exigencias técnicas microbiológicas se facilitara el intercambio de alimentos entre países. Teniendo en cuenta que la falta de criterios uniformes regulatorios a nivel internacional, generan discrepancias que traen aparejados, obstáculos técnicos al comercio (OTC), pudiendo llegar a ser barreras paraarancelarias encubiertas, con consiguientes perjuicios económicos que pueden ser transferidos a las naciones exportadoras de alimento.
Resumo:
Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles. En una muestra de 345 pacientes: 115 considerados como casos, por tener enfermedad cerebrovascular diagnosticado por tomografía simple de cráneo y 230 controles; se parearon por edad y sexo. El tamaño de la muestra se calculó sobre la base de menor factor de exposición en los controles del 11y en los casos del 18.4, con un nivel de confianza del 95y una potencia del 80. Los datos se obtuvieron por entrevista directa y se analizaron con el software Epi-info. Resultados El promedio de edad en los casos fue de 67.1y en los controles del 65.6; en los casos y controles el 40.9fueron del sexo masculino y el 59.1de sexo femenino. La enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica, hemorrágica y subaracnoidea según sexo da un valor de p=0.525 y según edad de 40 a 64 años y mayores de 65 años dio una p=0.528. La asociación entre enfermedad cerebrovascular con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 dio un Odds ratio (OR) de 1.8 (IC 951.1-1.3); con hipertensión arterial OR 3.8 (IC 952.1-6.1) y con la dislipidemia un OR 2.9 (IC 951.7-4.8). Conclusión: se encontró asociación significativa entre enfermedad cerebrovascular con los factores de riesgo, HTA, DM2 y dislipidemia. Palabras clave Enfermedad cerebro vascular, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia
Resumo:
Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is an antineoplastic agent used for the treatment of many neoplastic and inflammatory diseases. Hemorrhagic cystitis is a frequent side effect of CYP. Several studies show that simvastatin has important pleiotropic (anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory) effects. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of simvastatin on bladder, ureter and kidney injury caused by CYP. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. The CYP/SIM group received simvastatin microemulsion by gavage during 7 days (10 mg/kg body wt) before the administration of CYP and the CYP/SAL group rats received saline 0.9%. The control rats were not treated. After that, all rats were treated with a single dose of CYP 200 mg/kg body wt intraperitoneally. The rats were killed 24 h after CYP administration. Plasma cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6) were measured by ELISA. Macro and light microscopic study was performed in the bladder, kidney and ureter. Results: In the bladders of CYP/SIMV treated rats edema of lamina propria with epithelial and sub-epithelial hemorrhage were lower than in CYP/SAL treated rats. The scores for macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of bladder and ureter were significantly lower in CYP/SIMV rats than in CYP/SAL rats. The kidney was not affected. The expression of TNF-a, IL-1b and IL-6 was significatly lower in CF/SINV rats (164.8±22, 44.8±8 and 52.4±13) than in CF/SAL rats (378.5±66, 122.9±26 e 123.6±18), respectively. Conclusion: The results of the current study suggest that simvastatin pretreatment attenuated CYP-induced urotelium inflammation and decreased the activities of cytokines
Resumo:
Introdução: O recurso ao serviço de urgência (SU) hospitalar motivado por situações não urgentes é frequente e conduz a pior prestação de cuidados, insatisfação dos utentes e profissionais e aumento dos custos. Objectivos: Determinar os motivos para recurso a SU pediátrica hospitalar. Material e métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, entre 10/10 e 31/12/2013 em SU pediátrico hospitalar, através de análises de inquéritos preenchidos de forma anónima pelos acompanhantes e complementados com informação clínica pelo médico. Resultados: Foram analisados 481 questionários. O recurso ao SU ocorreu nas primeiras 24 horas de doença em 48% dos casos. Os principais motivos foram: noção de doença grave e urgente (33%), local de atendimento mais próximo (17%), preferência por avaliação por pediatra (17%). A maioria teve alta sem realização de exames complementares de diagnóstico ou tratamento (89%) e os principais diagnósticos de alta foram nasofaringite e gastroenterite agudas. Apenas 19,7% das idas ao SU poderiam ser consideradas como “justificadas” pelo cumprimento dos critérios de OMS para urgência hospitalar ou por orientação prévia por outra entidade de saúde. Não existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as características das crianças que recorreram ao SU de forma “justificada” e “não justificada”. Discussão e conclusão: O reconhecimento de situações clínicas que justifiquem o recurso ao SU hospitalar não parece relacionado com habilitações literárias parentais ou atribuição de médico de família. A percepção de doença grave em situação benigna com recurso precoce e injustificado ao atendimento em contexto de serviço de urgência denota falta de educação para a saúde na população geral.
Resumo:
Heparan sulfate (HS) and Heparin (Hep) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous and highly charged polysaccharides. HS is structurally related to Hep but is much less substituted with sulfo groups than heparin and has a more varied structure (or sequence). Because of structural similiarities between these two polymers, they have been described together as heparinoids . Both chains bind a variety of proteins and mediate various physiologically important processes including, blood coagulation, cell adhesion and growth factor regulation. Heparinoids with structural characteristics similar to these described from HS and/or Hep from mammalian tissues have been isolated from different species of invertebrates, although only a few heparinoids from unusual sources have been characterized. The present study describes the presence of unusual heparinoids population from Artemia franciscana, isolated after proteolysis and fractionation by ion exchange resin and named, F-3.0M. The study model in vivo were hemostasis (rat tail scarification) and inflamatoty activity. The tests in vitro were used for coagulations assays (PT and APTT). The analyse of the heparinoids eluted with 3,0M NaCl showed electrophoretic migration in different buffer systems a single band with a behaviour intermediate between those of mammalian HEP and HS. The main products obtained from Artemia heparinoids after enzymatic degradation with heparitinases I and II from F. heparinum were N-sulphated disaccharides (∆U-GlcNS,6S/ ∆U,2S-GlcNS and ∆U-GlcNS) and N-acetylated disaccharides (∆U, GlcNAc). This heparinoid had a lower hemorrhagic effect (400μg/ml) when compared to unfractiionated heparins(25μg/ml).The results also suggest a negligible APTT activity of this heparinoid (62.2s). No action was observed on PT indicating that F-3.0M haven t action on the extrinsic pathway. The results showed that the fraction F- 3.0M have inhibitory effect on migration of leukocytes, 64.5% in the concentration of 10 μg/ml (P<0.001). The search for new heparin and/or heparan sulphates analogs devoid of anticoagulant activity is an atractive alternative and may open up a wide variety of new therapeutic applications
Resumo:
Heparin is a pharmaceutical animal widely used in medicine due to its potent anticoagulant effect. Furthermore, it has the ability to inhibit the proliferation, invasion and adhesion of cancer cells to vascular endothelium. However, its clinical applicability can be compromised by side effects such as bleeding. Thus, the search for natural compounds with low bleeding risk and possible therapeutic applicability has been targeted by several research groups. From this perspective, this study aims to evaluate the hemorrhagic and anticoagulant activities and citotoxic effect for different tumor cell lines (HeLa, B16-F10, HepG2, HS-5,) and fibroblast cells (3T3) of the Heparin-like from the crab Chaceon fenneri (HEP-like). The HEP-like was purified after proteolysis, ion-exchange chromatography, fractionation with acetone and characterized by electrophoresis (agarose gel) and enzymatic degradation. Hep-like showed eletroforetic behavior similar to mammalian heparin, and high trisulfated /Nacetylated disaccharides ratio. In addition, HEP-like presented low in vitro anticoagulant activity using aPTT and a minor hemorrhagic effect when compared to mammalian heparin. Furthermore, the HEP-like showed significant cytotoxic effect (p<0.001) on HeLa, HepG2 and B16-F10 tumor cells with IC50 values of 1000 ug/mL, after incubation for 72 hours. To assess the influence of heparin-like on the cell cycle in HeLa cells, analysis was performed by flow cytometry. The results of this analysis showed that HEP-like influence on the cell cycle increasing S phase and decreasing phase G2. Thus, these properties of HEP-like make these compounds potential therapeutic agents
Resumo:
In recent years the heparin has been the subject of several studies that aim to expand its use as a therapeutic agent, due to its ability to modulate the activity of various proteins that play important roles in the regulation of pathophysiological processes. In several experiments and preclinical trials, heparin has demonstrated an anti-inflammatory role. However, its clinical use is limited, due to its strong anticoagulant activity and hemorrhagic complications. For this reason, considerable efforts have been employed in discovery of heparin analogous (heparinoid) with reduced side effects, that retain the anti-inflammatory properties of heparin. In this context, a heparinoid obtained from the head of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp, which presents a structural similarity to heparin, showed, in previous studies, anti-inflammatory activity in a model of acute peritonitis with reduced anticoagulant effect in vitro and low hemorrhagic activity. Thus, the present work had as objective to evaluate the effect the heparinoid of the cephalothorax of gray shrimp on the acute inflammatory response in different times (3 or 6 hours after the induction of inflammatory stimulus), using the model of acute peritonitis induced in mice. It was also analyzed the HL effect over the activity of elastase, an enzyme involved in leukocyte recruitment. Furthermore to check if the different doses of heparin and heparinoid change the hemostatic balance in vivo, was assessed the effect of these compounds on the plasma clotting time in animals submitted to inflammation. The results show that in 3 hours, all doses of heparinoid were able to prevent efficiently in the acute inflammatory process without any anticoagulant effects, unlike the extrapolation dose of heparin, which has induced a large hemorrhage due its high anticoagulant activity. However, 6 hours after induction of inflammation, only the dosages of 0.1 and 1.0 μg/Kg of heparin and 1.0 μg/Kg of heparinoid kept anti-migratory effect, without changing of the hemostatic balance. These results indicate that the anti-migratory effect of theses compounds depends on the dosage and time of inflammatory stimulus. The HL and heparin were also able to inhibit the activity of the enzyme elastase. The discovery of this bioactive compound in the cephalothorax of shrimps can arouse great interest in biotechnology, since this compound could be useful as a structural model interesting for the development of new therapeutic agents for peritonitis
Resumo:
Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, 2000) la fiebre por dengue y la fiebre hemorrágica 1 por dengue son un problema de salud pública a las cuales dos quintas partes de la población mundial se encuentran en riesgo. Las principales medidas de prevención y control han sido la fumigación masiva de insecticidas dirigida contra los mosquitos adultos (adulticidas) y la aplicación de larvicidas (control químico). Sin embargo, a pesar de que dichas medidas reducen rápidamente la población de mosquitos adultos y eliminan un 90% de la población de larvas en un criadero, su efecto es sólo transitorio pues no afectan la generación de nuevos mosquitos. En efecto, los registros estadísticos demuestran un avance del mosquito a pesar de las campañas de fumigación y aplicación de larvicidas (OMS, 2000). Por otra parte Hernández y García (2000) señalan que hay factores negativos asociados con el control químico de las poblaciones de mosquitos.
Resumo:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Resumo:
2015
