Development of super early genotypes for the dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) as affected by nitrogen management.

The super early genotypes (SEG) of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have a shorter life cycle (65-75 days) when compared with the season length of traditional cultivars (90-100 days). Timing of nitrogen top-dressing fertilization could be different because of this reduction in length of the SEG life cycle. This study aimed at characterizing, by using growth analysis and vegetation index, super early genotypes of dry bean development as affected by timing of nitrogen application. Field experiments were conducted in the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons in central Brazil with a randomized block experimental design with split plots scheme and four replicates. The plots comprised the dry bean genotypes (Colibri ? check cultivar, CNFC 15873, CNFC 15874, and CNFC 15875), and subplots comprised applications of N at different timings: 90 kg of N at sowing, 90 kg N at top-dressing; 45 kg of N at sowing plus 45 kg at top-dressing, with urea as the source of N. We also used a control treatment without N application. The CNFC 15874 super early genotype of dry bean had the higher grain yield (2776 kg ha-1) and differed from the CNFC 15873 genotype (2492 kg ha-1). Nitrogen fertilization allowed higher grain yield (2619 kg ha-1, when applied N at sowing, 2605 kg ha-1, when applied N at sowing and at top-dressing, and 2680 kg ha-1, when applied N at top-dressing) than the control, 2360 kg ha-1 (no N fertilization). The time of N fertilization in super early genotype of dry bean did not affect grain yield.

Genetic structure and mating type analysis of the Pyricularia oryzae population causing widespread epidemics in southern Brazil.

Blast is a major disease of rice in Brazil, the largest rice-producing country outside Asia. This study aimed to assess the genetic structure and mating-type frequency in a contemporary Pyricularia oryzae population, which caused widespread epidemics during the 2012/13 season in the Brazilian lowland subtropical region. Symptomatic leaves and panicles were sampled at flooded rice fields in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS, 34 fields) and Santa Catarina (SC, 21 fields). The polymorphism at ten simple sequence repeats (SSR or microsatellite) loci and the presence of MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 idiomorphs were assessed in a population comprised of 187 isolates. Only the MAT1-2 idiomorph was found and 162 genotypes were identified by the SSR analysis. A discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) of SSR data resolved four genetic groups, which were strongly associated with the cultivar of origin of the isolates. There was high level of genotypic diversity and moderate level of gene diversity regardless whether isolates were grouped in subpopulations based on geographic region, cultivar host or cultivar within region. While regional subpopulations were weakly differentiated, high genetic differentiation was found among subpopulations comprised of isolates from different cultivars. The data suggest that the rice blast pathogen population in southern Brazil is comprised of clonal lineages that are adapting to specific cultivar hosts. Farmers should avoid the use of susceptible cultivars over large areas and breeders should focus at enlarging the genetic basis of new cultivars.

Anais...

Neste livro de resumos será possível conhecer um pouco sobre os dez anos de contribuição da Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental aos programas de pós-graduação coordenados por instituições públicas do Estado do Amazonas, fazer um histórico dos principais programas com os quais colaboramos e uma amostra de trabalhos em andamento ou concluídos em 2015: A Parceria do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia Tropical com a Embrapa. Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental: 10 Anos de Contribuição aos Programas de Pós-Graduação. História da Criação e Funcionamento do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura no Trópico Úmido ? Inpa. Histórico e Perfil do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pesqueiras nos Trópicos (PPG-Cipet/Ufam). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais e Ambientais (PPG-Cifa/Ufam). Ontogenia de Embriões Zigóticos e Somáticos de Caiaué. Estudos Preliminares sobre o Estabelecimento de Colônias de Insetos (Conotrachelus sp.) para o Estudo de Ecologia Química. Uso de Plantas para o Tratamento da Malária em Seis Comunidades de Boca do Acre, Amazonas. Desempenho de Cultivares de Alface Roxa sob Cultivo Protegido em Duas Épocas do Ano em Iranduba, AM. Enraizamento Adventício em Estacas de Pau-Rosa. Germinação e Vigor de Sementes de Piper marginatum e Piper tuberculatum sob Diferentes Ambientes, Recipientes e Períodos de Armazenamento. Herança de Caracteres de Frutos e Sementes em Cruzamento Interespecífico entre Pimenta e Pimentão. Preparo e Pré-Condicionamento de Embriões de Sementes de Dendezeiro para Teste de Tetrazólio. Produção de Hortaliças dos Agricultores Familiares de Parintins: Uma Comparação entre Várzea e Terra Firme. Propagação Vegetativa de Piper hispidum Sw. e Piper tuberculatum Jacq. em Função de Diferentes Substratos e Tipos de Estaca. Adubação Fosfatada no Acúmulo de Nutrientes, na Produção e Qualidade Fisiológica de Sementes de Feijão-de-Metro. Avaliação de Frutos e Sementes de Pimenta-de-Cheiro (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) em Função da Nutrição Mineral. Compostagem de Resíduos Urbanos e seu Efeito na Qualidade Comercial da Alface-Americana em Manaus, AM. Densidade e Biomassa de Minhocas em Terra Preta de Índio no Amazonas Utilizando Diferentes Metodologias de Coleta. Fontes e Doses de Fósforo no Cultivo de Milho em Condições de Terra Firme em Manaus, AM. Marcha de Absorção de Nutrientes em Pimenta-de-Cheiro (Capsicum chinense Jacq.). Uso de Milheto e Sorgo como Forragem no Período Seco do Ano em Integração Lavoura e Pecuária e seu Impacto na Matéria Orgânica do Solo na Região Amazônica. Eliminação de 17?-estradiol da Água Utilizada na Técnica de Feminização de Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Análise do Padrão de Distribuição Espacial de Espécies Florestais em 8 Hectares na Amazônia Central. Caracterização de Solos em Floresta Ombrófila Densa de Terra Firme na Amazônia Central. Dinâmica do Carbono em Uma Floresta Manejada Comercialmente no Amazonas. Necromassa em Floresta Manejada e Floresta não Manejada no Amazonas. Resposta a Adubação e Espaçamento de Taxi-Branco para Produção de Energia na Amazônia Central. Volumetria, Biomassa e Qualidade da Madeira de Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. em Plantios Homogêneos na Amazônia Central. Volumetria, Biomassa e Qualidade da Madeira de Hymenaea courbaril L. Proveniente de Plantios na Amazônia Ocidental. Adaptabilidade e Estabilidade de Acessos de Feijão-Macuco (Pachyrhizus spp.) em Terra Firme e Várzea. Avaliação de Plantas Poliploides de Heliconia chartacea var. Sexy Pink. Caracteres Agronômicos e Industriais de Clones de Guaranazeiro.

Effect of the pasture supplementation strategy in the growing period on performance and carcass traits of crossbred cattle finished in feedlot

2016

Development of alternative methods for determining soil organic matter.

Soil organic matter (SOM) is important to fertility, since it performs several functions such as cycling, water and nutrient retention and soil aggregation, in addition to being an energy requirement for biological activity. This study proposes new trends to the Embrapa, Walkley-Black, and Mebius methods that allowed the determination of SOM by spectrophotometry, increasing functionality. The mass of 500 mg was reduced to 200 mg, generating a mean of 60 % saving of reagents and a decrease of 91 % in the volume of residue generated for the three methods without compromising accuracy and precision. We were able to optimize conditions for the Mebius method and establish the digestion time of maximum recovery of SOM by factorial design and response surface. The methods were validated by the estimate of figures of merits. Between the methods investigated, the optimized Mebius method was best suited for determining SOM, showing near 100 % recovery.

Caracterização dos principais solos do Município de Tracunhaém Pernambuco.

A identificação, a caracterização e a espacialização dos solos constituem informações fundamentais para avaliar o seu comportamento sob diferentes tipos de exploração. Este estudo teve como objetivos realizar o levantamento de solos do município (escala 1:25.000) e disponibilizar informações sobre as características dos principais solos, que são fundamentais nos trabalhos da assistência técnica e extensão rural e no planejamento de atividades agrícolas e pecuárias. Tracunhaém localiza-se na Microrregião Setentrional da Mata Pernambucana. A área estudada (118 km2) tem como principais atividades o cultivo de cana-de-açúcar e a agricultura familiar (milho, feijão, mandioca). A descrição dos perfis, a coleta de amostras e a classificação pedológica foram feitas de acordo com as normas do Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos. Neste estudo foram identificados e mapeados Argissolos, Gleissolos e Neossolos Litólicos. Os Argissolos ocupam relevos plano, suave ondulado e forte ondulado. Os situados em relevo variando de plano a ondulado apresentam alto potencial agrícola e devem ser cultivados usando práticas de manejo e conservação de solos e da água, para reduzir a erosão. Áreas com predomínio de relevo forte ondulado devem ser destinadas à preservação ambiental. Os Gleissolos ocorrem nas baixadas fluviais associados aos Neossolos Flúvicos. Fazendo-se a drenagem e corrigindo-se as deficiências químicas, esses solos apresentam alto potencial para produção de hortaliças, cana-de-açúcar e pastagens. Os Neossolos Litólicos são problemáticos, em função da pouca profundidade e da alta suscetibilidade à erosão. Portanto, são de uso restrito para lavouras e mais indicados para preservação ambiental.

Straw and early nitrogen fertilization affect soil properties and upland rice yield.

The presence of cover crop straw and early application of total N at sowing may provide significant changes in the microbial population, reflecting on the N dynamics in the soil and in upland rice plants. This study aimed at determining the effect of the early application of nitrogen doses as mineral N and microbial biomass carbon in the soil, as well as in the activity of nitrate reductase, and grain yield of upland rice plants cultivated under notillage system (NTS). A randomized blocks design, in a split-plot scheme, with four replications, was used. The treatments consisted of N doses (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1) and the presence or absence of U. brizantha cover straw. Maintaining the straw on the soil surface reduces the ammonium levels and increases the microbial biomass carbon content of the soil. The application of increasing doses of N in the soil provides increases in the levels of nitrate and ammonium in the soil up to 28 days after emergence. The activity of the nitrate reductase enzyme in the plants increases and the contents of ammonium and nitrate in the soil decrease with the crop development. The number of panicles and grain yield of upland rice increase with the increase of the nitrogen fertilization, but decrease in the presence of U. brizantha straw. Thus, it is recommend the use of early N fertilization in upland rice crop.

Efeito do preparo mecanizado do solo sobre alguns parâmetros físico-hidricos do solo no nordeste paraense.

Este trabalho, realizado em área de agricultor, município de Tracuateua-PA, em solo Latossolo amarelo textura média, objetivou avaliar o efeito do preparo mecanizado sobre alguns parâmetros físicos do solo. Foram selecionadas as áreas: a) citros mecanizado-capoeira com três anos, preparada mecanicamente, onde se efetuou o plantio de citros + caupi nas entrelinhas; b) capoeira-área em pousio por três anos. Os resultados mostram que o uso de mecanização de forma indisciplinada causou um processo de compactação neste solo, quando comparado à área de capoeira, a qual mostra condições físicas mais adequadas ao desenvolvimento das plantas. a baixa disponibilidade de água pode comprometer o rendimento das culturas, em caso de ocorrências de veranicos, indicando que maiores atenções devem ser dadas na efetivação de práticas de manejo, de modo a permitir a manutenção da umidade por mais tempo.

Growth, nutrient accumulation in leaves and grain yield of super early genotypes of common bean.

There is a lack of researches that evaluate the development and nutrient accumulation in super early genotypes of common bean for the elaboration of fertilization programs. This study aimed at characterizing the development; N, P, K, Ca and Mg accumulation by leaves; grain yield; and yield components of super early genotypes of common bean. Field experiments were conducted in a randomized blocks design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the IPR Colibri (control), CNFC 15873, CNFC 15874 and CNFC 15875 genotypes. Plants were sampled throughout the common bean development, being divided into leaves, stems and pods. After determining the dry matter, the contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg accumulated in leaves were estimated. At harvesting, the grain yield and yield components were evaluated. The biomass accumulation in stems and leaves occurred until the flowering stage, and then it started in the pods until harvesting. The genotypes that absorbed more nitrogen and phosphorus had a higher grain yield. The average growing season of super early genotypes was 70 days (winter) and 63 days (summer). CNFC 15874 was the most productive genotype in the winter, with grain yield similar to the IPR Colibri cultivar (control). In the summer, CNFC 15873 and CNFC 15875 achieved grain yield similar to the IPR Colibri cultivar.

BRSMG Uai: common bean cultivar with carioca grain type and upright plant architecture.

The common bean cultivar with carioca grain type, BRSMG Uai, is recommended for cultivation in Minas Gerais and stands out for its upright plant architecture, which facilitates cultivation and mechanical harvesting. This cultivar has high yield potential and is resistant to the major races of anthracnose that occur in region.

Soil attributes and grain yield of upland rice as affected by cover crops.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pearl millet intercropped with other cover crops on mineral forms of N and urease activity in soil, nitrate reductase activity in the leaves of the follow-up rice crop, as well as the yield components of this rice crop. The experiment was performed in the year 2012/2013 at two locations of the Brazilian Cerrado.

Rice affected by seed treatment, soil compaction and nitrogen at no-tillage and conventional tillage.

The objective of this study was to determine the best combination of management options for upland rice production: seed treatment, N management and soil compaction in zero and conventional tillage methods.

Rice grain yield as affected by grain-producing cover crops in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of biomass and grain cover crops, yield components, and grain yield of rice in Mozambique. The study was conducted in two sites located in the province of Cabo Delgado, in Mozambique.

Transaction costs in an association of organic farmers in Goiania, Brazil.

This study aimed to analyse the transaction costs of an association of organic farmers located in Goiania, Goias state, Brazil. We analysed the marketing and organisation relations based on data collected at the Association for the Development of Organic Farming in Goias state (ADAO/GO).

Genomic structure and marker-derived gene networks for growth and meat quality traits of brazilian nelore beef cattle.

Nelore is the major beef cattle breed in Brazil with more than 130 million heads. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are often used to associate markers and genomic regions to growth and meat quality traits that can be used to assist selection programs. An alternative methodology to traditional GWAS that involves the construction of gene network interactions, derived from results of several GWAS is the AWM (Association Weight Matrices)/PCIT (Partial Correlation and Information Theory). With the aim of evaluating the genetic architecture of Brazilian Nelore cattle, we used high-density SNP genotyping data (~770,000 SNP) from 780 Nelore animals comprising 34 half-sibling families derived from highly disseminated and unrelated sires from across Brazil. The AWM/PCIT methodology was employed to evaluate the genes that participate in a series of eight phenotypes related to growth and meat quality obtained from this Nelore sample.