The extradomain a of fibronectin enhances the efficacy of lipopolysaccharide defective Salmonella bacterins as vaccines in mice

The Extradomain A from fibronectin (EDA) has an immunomodulatory role as fusion protein with viral and tumor antigens, but its effect when administered with bacteria has not been assessed. Here, we investigated the adjuvant effect of EDA in mice immunizations against Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis). Since lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor and the LPS O-polysaccharide (O-PS) is the immunodominant antigen in serological diagnostic tests, Salmonella mutants lacking O-PS (rough mutants) represent an interesting approach for developing new vaccines and diagnostic tests to differentiate infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA tests). Here, antigenic preparations (hot-saline extracts and formalin-inactivated bacterins) from two Salmonella Enteritidis rough mutants, carrying either intact (SE Delta waaL) or deep-defective (SE Delta gal) LPS-Core, were used in combination with EDA. Biotinylated bacterins, in particular SE Delta waaL bacterin, decorated with EDAvidin (EDA and streptavidin fusion protein) improved the protection conferred by hot-saline or bacterins alone and prevented significantly the virulent infection at least to the levels of live attenuated rough mutants. These findings demonstrate the adjuvant effect of EDAvidin when administered with biotinylated bacterins from Salmonella Enteritidis lacking O-PS and the usefulness of BEDA-SE Delta waaL as non-live vaccine in the mouse model.

Standards-driven reform years 1-10 : moderation an optional extra?

While externally moderated standards-based assessment has been practised in Queensland senior schooling for more than three decades, there has been no such practice in the middle years. With the introduction of standards at state and national levels in these years, teacher judgement as developed in moderation practices is now vital. This paper argues, that in this context of assessment reform, standards intended to inform teacher judgement and to build assessment capacity are necessary but not sufficient for maintaining teacher and public confidence in schooling. Teacher judgement is intrinsic to moderation, and to professional practice, and can no longer remain private. Moderation too is intrinsic to efforts by the profession to realise judgements that are defensible, dependable and open to scrutiny. Moderation can no longer be considered an optional extra and requires system-level support especially if, as intended, the standards are linked to system-wide efforts to improve student learning. In presenting this argument we draw on an Australian Research Council funded study with key industry partners (the Queensland Studies Authority and the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment of the Republic of Ireland). The data analysed included teacher interview data and additional teacher talk during moderation sessions. These were undertaken during the initial phase of policy development. The analysis identified those issues that emerge in moderation meetings that are designed to reach consistent, reliable judgements. Of interest are the different ways in which teachers talked through and interacted with one another to reach agreement about the quality of student work in the application of standards. There is evidence of differences in the way that teachers made compensations and trade-offs in their award of grades, dependent on the subject domain in which they teach. This article concludes with some empirically derived insights into moderation practices as policy and social events.

1.° Geraldi de Piscario, ordinis Fratrum Minorum, lectura in caput Cum Martha, extra, De celebratione missarum. — 2.° Ejusdem expositio super quadripartitum Joannis Papae. — 3.° Ejusdem impugnatio theorematum Aegidii, de corpore Christi. — 4.° Ejusdem dogmaticum de anima separata a corpore, et de unione Dei. — 5.° Ejusdem compendium super libros Dionysii. — 6.° Ejusdem positio circa Trinitatem. — 7.° Summa sententiarum Petri Alphonsi, ex Judaeo Christiani, a Geraldo de Piscario recollecta. — 8.° Ejusdem collectiones variae e Scriptura sacra, e Patribus et ex Aristotele

Colbertinus

Alterações neurológicas em lactentes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extra-corpórea

Objetivos: analisar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor antes e depois de cirurgia cardíaca em crianças através de dois instrumentos: exame neurológico e do teste de Denver II Métodos: foram randomicamente selecionadas os lactentes com indicação de cirurgia cardíaca com utilização de circulação extra-corpórea no período de abril de 2001 a setembro de 2002 Delineamento: coorte prospectivo não controlado Intervenções: Um dia antes da cirurgia eletiva, na alta da unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica cardíaca e entre 3 a 6 meses após a cirurgia cardíaca os pacientes incluídos no estudo eram submetidos a um exame neurológico padronizado realizado pelo mesmo neurologista pediátrico e ao teste de Denver II aplicado por 2 pediatras de maneira independente, apresentando uma concordância de resultados entre 89-100% . Estatística: O test t student para amostras pareadas para os índices de Denver II . Teste do Qui-quadrado para as categorias do exame neurológico antes e depois de cirurgia. Foi estimado um tamanho amostral de 15 crianças. Resultados: Foram incluídas 20 crianças, com idade média no momento da correção de 6,7 ± 4,2 meses e peso médio 5,3± 2,2 quilogramas. Os defeitos septais ocorreram em 11 casos (55%). O tempo médio de circulação extra-corpórea era 67± 23,6 minutos, com o uso de ultrafiltração modificada. Quinze crianças tinham atraso no desenvolvimento de neuropsicomotor no momento da cirurgia, mas em seis foi observado normalização depois de 3 a 6 meses de seguimento (p=0,11). Quando os índices de Denver II, dentro de cada domínio, foram analisados (índices motor grosseiro, motor fino, linguagem, total e pessoal-social), observou-se um aumento em todos os domínios após a cirurgia, exceto o último (p < 0.05). O percentual médio de melhora nos índices oscilou entre 17 a 23%. Um tamanho de efeito grande foi calculado para linguagem e moderado nas habilidades de motoras. Conclusão: Apesar destas crianças estarem em risco de novos achados neurológicos, os resultados sugerem uma melhora precoce nos índices de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor após cirurgia cardíaca com extra-corpórea.