Impacto do racionamento nos resultados das empresas concessionárias do serviço público de distribuição de energia elétrica: um estudo nas empresas privadas da Região Nordeste

This work verifies the impact caused by the Emergencial Program of Reduction of Consumption of Electric Energy (energy-rationing program) in the results of the concessionary private companies of the public service of electric energy distribution localized in the Northeast Area. As the rationing invigorated from June 2001 to February 2002, its effects are diluted in the results presented by these companies in the second semester of 2001 and first quarter of 2002, with prominence for the last quarter of 2001, when the revenue of extraordinary tariff restore was instituted by the National Agency of Electric Energy (ANEEL), consequence of the so-called General Agreement of the Electric Sector made between the federal government and the companies of the electric sector. The structure of a generic electric sector and a historical review of the Brazilian electric sector from the time it was controlled by the private enterprises, including the State control period, about 1960, and returning to the control of the private enterprises in 1990, under a new regulation structure are presented. An explanation of the models of economic regulation that Brazil used for the electric sector is made, with prominence for the price cap that is the actual effective model. The process of tariff revision foreseen in the concession contracts signed by the federal government and the concessionary companies is presented, highlighting its two stages: the tariff rebalancing that defines the new price cap and the calculation of the factor X that establishes the efficiency goals for the companies. There is made a presentation of the Emergencial Program of Reduction of Consumption of Electric Energy and of the consequent General Agreement of the Electric Sector, which created the revenue of extraordinary tariff restore. A conceptual revision on reviews is presented, regarding to concepts, accomplishment and recognition. A brief review of the six companies that made part of the worked sample is also presented. Analyzing the quarters historical review and of amount of sold energy, it was possible to conclude that the energy-rationing altered the results of the studied companies significantly and that alteration was masked by the accounting process of the revenue of extraordinary tariff restore

Aplicação de inversor de freqüência para economia de energia elétrica, em sistema de irrigação por aspersão

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

Técnicas de energia elétrica sustentável aplicadas em edificações

One of the majors concerns in society today is to decrease the environmental impact caused by human activities and natural resource exploration. From this need to be more careful with the environment arose, in the field of civil construction, the term sustainable building. Projects that use natural resources rationally, without ceasing to bring comfort and functionality for customers, are becoming more a reality. This paper presents the share of electric energy in a sustainable building, with the analysis of the available renewable energies used in a project, presentation of new constructive techniques and technologies that are constantly emerging to achieve greater energy efficiency, with an appropriate use of energy received, also a decrease of the energy consumed by some devices present in a residence or business

O campo de energia elétrica no Brasil - de 1880 a 2002

Since electric power is an essential element in modern society, this paper analyzes the historic and institutional factors that have contributed to the formation and organization of the Brazilian electric sector, from the time when it started to be used in this country until the end of year 2002. This analysis is based on a linear description of historic facts, giving emphasis to crucial events ¿ or critical incidents, as they were called for the purpose of this paper. As to these happenings, the social actors who played an important role in the development of the Brazilian electric power sector were analyzed. An analytical model based on the theoretical references offered by the Institutional Theory was used. The study also highlights the elements that comprehend the development of the phenomenon in face of the ambivalence existing in a developing country, which is the case of the Brazilian electric power sector. The organizational fields that were established at the time determined by the main crucial incidents presented throughout the length of time covered by this study. The resources that the main social actors involved in the electric power sector may use by are also identified, as well as their main interests and level of influence these actors may have. Several documents were analyzed. The qualitative methodology was used. Also, many semi-structured in-depth interviews of the people who have made the history of this sector for reliability were conducted. Finally, this study includes the main elements that have shaped the institutional model of the Brazilian electric sector. It also characterizes the external environment as the element which has most influenced the sector and has also led its way throughout the different developmental phases, especially with respect to funding. The growing rates of power consumption indicate the need for a constant increase in the supply of electric power to meet the needs of society and economic development. This requires constant investment. Lack of investment is a limiting factor. Not only does it hinder the development of the country but it may also result in very unfortunate mishaps such as electric power rationing, such as the kind we had to endure a while ago.

A (des) construção dos modelos regulatórios no setor de energia elétrica do Brasil: instabilidades, incertezas e a reforma institucional de 2004

Nos últimos anos, a indústria elétrica brasileira passou, basicamente, por duas reestruturações setoriais, implantadas segundo políticas e ideologias divergentes, mas que convergiram para o mesmo objetivo final: a busca por investimentos privados para dar suporte à expansão do sistema. Esse é o grande desafio do novo modelo institucional de 2004, que surge em um ambiente conturbado, de forte percepção de riscos e incertezas. A própria instabilidade regulatória é a grande responsável pelo recuo e ponderação na hora de investir. Contudo, a pergunta que se faz na presente pesquisa objetiva identificar os fatores motivadores da nova reestruturação setorial. Só assim, pode-se correlacionar os fatos do passado com a recente reforma, identificando possíveis deficiências e fatores críticos de sucesso. Para tanto, o presente estudo recorreu à literatura existente, assim como a entrevistas semi-estruturadas com especialistas do setor elétrico brasileiro. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente, por meio de categorias estabelecidas a posteriori, buscando-se aceitar ou refutar suposições. As evidências sugerem que, apesar de a nova reforma institucional ter realizado avanços, ao introduzir mecanismos absorvidos, principalmente, a partir das experiências regulatórias dos últimos anos, dificuldades ainda permanecem e devem ser enfrentadas, especialmente no que tange à mitigação dos riscos ambientais e regulatórios, este último, percebido com maior intensidade a partir de 2004. Sendo assim, cabe ao governo federal, representado pelo Ministério de Minas e Energia (MME), conseguir atrair investimentos e proporcionar estabilidade regulatória, a fim de afastar o “fantasma” do racionamento.

Perspectivas de inserção da energia solar fotovoltaica na geração de energia elétrica no Rio Grande do Norte

The generation of electricity in Brazil is predominantly renewable, with internal hydraulic generation being more than 70% of its energy matrix. The electricity rationing occurred in 2001 due to lack of rain, led the country to increase the participation of alternative energy sources. This need for new sources of energy makes the regional potential to be exploited, which configures the change of generation model from centralized generation to distributed generation. Among the alternative sources of energy, the solar energy is presented as very promising for Brazil, given that most of its territory is located near to the equator line, which implies days with greater number of hours of solar radiation. The state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) has one of the highest levels of solar irradiation of the Brazilian territory, making it eligible to receive investments for the installation of photovoltaic solar plants. This thesis will present the state-of-the-art in solar photovoltaic power generation and will examine the potential for generation of solar photovoltaic power in Brazil and RN, based on solarimetrics measurements conducted by various institutions and also measurements performed in Natal, the state capital

A comercialização da energia elétrica cogerada pelo setor sucroalcooleiro em regiões do estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Programa computacional para análise do faturamento do consumo de energia elétrica através do k-hiperbolóide de carga e potência em empresas frigoríficas abatedoras de bovinos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Potencial de redução de consumo de energia elétrica em entreposto frigorífico: um estudo de caso

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEB

Aplicação e análise do uso racional de energia elétrica na Fazenda Experimental Lageado-UNESP, Botucatu-SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

A evolução das tarifas de energia elétrica e do salário mínimo

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.

ICMS sobre energia elétrica

Consultoria Legislativa - Área III - Tributação e Direito Tributário.

Políticas públicas para fontes alternativas e renováveis para geração de energia elétrica

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.

A subvenção econômica aos consumidores de energia elétrica de baixa renda

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.