Comparison of methods in oral health education from the perspective of adolescents.

To investigate whether teenagers' knowledge about oral health is influenced by educational methods and to verify the most effective method according to their perception. The study was performed in Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, with 127 teenagers from a vocational school. It was realised in 3 steps: 1. An evaluation of knowledge about oral health using a self-applied questionnaire. 2. An application of educational methods, where the students were divided into two groups (A and B). Group A participated in three educational activities that involved lectures, individual demonstration, and participatory activity. Group B was divided into three subgroups (B1, B2, B3) and each of them participated in only one of the methods. 3. The acquired knowledge was evaluated. Group A created a focus group to give their opinion about strategies. With regards to knowledge after the application of the different methods in all groups, there was a statistically significant difference concerning periodontitis, gingivitis and herpes. In group A, after the three activities, and in group B2 after the individual demonstration, an association was found between 'healthy teeth' and 'general health' (P = 0.004 and P = 0.022, respectively). After the individual demonstration, an association was shown between variables of acquired knowledge about 'harmful diet' and 'dental caries' (P = 0.002) as well as 'good diet' and 'prevention of oral diseases' (P = 0.032). The favourite method was individual demonstration, due to the contact with educational materials, followed by participatory activity because it encouraged learning in a more dynamic way. Educational methods influenced knowledge about oral health, with individual demonstration proving to be the most effective method for acquiring knowledge. In the adolescents' view, the participatory activity was the preferred method.

Equity considerations for open educational resources in the glocalization of education

Open educational resources (OER) have become new buzzwords in the glocalization of education. While OER are often espoused as enabling educational equity, the reality is not always the case. Looking only at the positives of new educational methods can mask perpetuating challenges, which makes the open aspect of OER a misnomer. Taking an alternative stance, this article critically evaluates the broader notion of OER through the lens of equity. It contends that while equity reasons often underpin the provision of OER, challenges continue to be experienced by some in accessing open digital materials for learning. This article explores some of these issues and argues that equity considerations are fundamental in OER design.

Disciplining the screen through education: The Royal Commission into the moving picture industry in Australia

In this article, we investigate the complex relationship between concerns about children and young people’s exposure to cinema in 1920s Australia and the use of film in education. In part, the Royal Commission into the Moving Picture Industry in Australia aimed to ‘ascertain the effect and the extent of the power of film upon juveniles’ and Commissioners spoke to educationalists, psychologists, medical professions, police officers and parents to gain insight into the impacts of movies on children. Numerous issues were canvassed in the Commission hearings such as exposure to sexual content, ‘excesses’ in film content, children’s inability to concentrate at school following cinema attendance and the influence of cinema on youth crime. While the Commission ultimately suggested it was parents’ role to police children’s engagements with cinema, it did make recommendations for restricting children’s access to films with inappropriate themes. Meanwhile, the Commission was very positive about film’s educational role stating that ‘the advantage to be gained by the use of the cinematograph as an adjunct to educational methods should be assisted in every possible way by the Commonwealth’. We draw on the Commission’s minutes of evidence, the Commission report and newspaper articles form the 1920s to the 1940s to argue that the Commission provides valuable insight into the beginnings of the use of screen content in formal schooling, both as a resource across the curriculum and as a specific focus of education through film appreciation and, later, broader forms of media education. The article argues debates about screen entertainment and education rehearsed in the Commission are reflected today as parents, concerned citizens and educators ponder the dangers and potential of new media technologies and media content used by children and young people such as video games, social media and interactive content.

Reflective writing: The student nurse's perspective on reflective writing and poetry writing.

Summary Background Reflective writing is a mandatory part of nurse education but how students develop their skills and use reflection as part of their experiential learning remains relatively unknown. Understanding reflective writing in all forms from the perspective of a student nurse is therefore important. Objectives To explore the use of reflective writing and the use of poetry in pre-registered nursing students. Design A qualitative design was employed to explore reflective writing in pre-registered nursing students. Setting A small university in Scotland. Participants BSc (Hons) Adult and Mental Health Pre-registration Student Nurses. Methods Two focus groups were conducted with 10 student nurses during March 2012. Data was analysed thematically using the framework of McCarthy (1999). Results Students found the process of reflective writing daunting but valued it over time. Current educational methods, such as assessing reflective accounts, often lead to the ‘narrative’ being watered down and the student feeling judged. Despite this, reflection made students feel responsible for their own learning and research on the topic. Some students felt the use of models of reflection constricting, whilst poetry freed up their expression allowing them to demonstrate the compassion for their patient under their care. Conclusions Poetry writing gives students the opportunity for freedom of expression, personal satisfaction and a closer connection with their patients, which the more formal approach to reflective writing did not offer. There is a need for students to have a safe and supportive forum in which to express and have their experiences acknowledged without the fear of being judged.

Processo integrado de reconhecimento, validação e certificação de competências : que mudanças profissionais, sociais e pessoais?

Trabalho de projecto de mestrado, Ciências da Educação (Formação de Adultos), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2010

O processo ensino-aprendizagem: relatório de estágio

I - Inserido no Concelho de Odivelas, cuja realidade e contexto sócio cultural realçam a problemática da diversidade cultural, colocando ao professor dúvidas e dificuldades emrelação às suas práticas educativas, o Conservatório de Música D. Dinis é a escola na qual leciono desde 1993. É também local de reflexão permanente quanto aos critérios e condições que devem nortear a prática pedagógica contemporânea na área da música, cujo objetivo assenta na formação integral do aluno através da utilização de estratégias de ensino que o responsabilizem na própria aprendizagem. Considerando estes desafios, o seguinte trabalho será realizado no contexto da minha classe de violino e incidirá sobre três alunos em particular, que frequentam os seguintes graus, a saber: 1 - Iniciação (1º ciclo do ensino básico); 2 - 2º grau (2º ciclo do ensino básico); 3 - 5º grau (3º ciclo do ensino básico). Apesar de acreditar nas suas capacidades de aprendizagem e ter um cuidado especial sobre as minhas ações e os efeitos destas na aprendizagem académica e social dos meus alunos, os resultados finais são reveladores da importância da motivação, do apoio parental e da responsabilidade dos alunos na obtenção do seu próprio sucesso escolar.

School funding and education policy-making models in Ontario /

The purpose of this thesis is to examine various policy implementation models, and to determine what use they are to a government. In order to insure that governmental proposals are created and exercised in an effective manner, there roust be some guidelines in place which will assist in resolving difficult situations. All governments face the challenge of responding to public demand, by delivering the type of policy responses that will attempt to answer those demands. The problem for those people in positions of policy-making responsibility is to balance the competitive forces that would influence policy. This thesis examines provincial government policy in two unique cases. The first is the revolutionary recommendations brought forth in the Hall -Dennis Report. The second is the question of extending full -funding to the end of high school in the separate school system. These two cases illustrate how divergent and problematic the policy-making duties of any government may be. In order to respond to these political challenges decision-makers must have a clear understanding of what they are attempting to do. They must also have an assortment of policy-making models that will insure a policy response effectively deals with the issue under examination. A government must make every effort to insure that all policymaking methods are considered, and that the data gathered is inserted into the most appropriate model. Currently, there is considerable debate over the benefits of the progressive individualistic education approach as proposed by the Hall -Dennis Committee. This debate is usually intensified during periods of economic uncertainty. Periodically, the province will also experience brief yet equally intense debate on the question of separate school funding. At one level, this debate centres around the efficiency of maintaining two parallel education systems, but the debate frequently has undertones of the religious animosity common in Ontario's history. As a result of the two policy cases under study we may ask ourselves these questions: a) did the policies in question improve the general quality of life in the province? and b) did the policies unite the province? In the cases of educational instruction and finance the debate is ongoing and unsettling. Currently, there is a widespread belief that provincial students at the elementary and secondary levels of education are not being educated adequately to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century. The perceived culprit is individual education which sees students progressing through the system at their own pace and not meeting adequate education standards. The question of the finance of Catholic education occasionally rears its head in a painful fashion within the province. Some public school supporters tend to take extension as a personal religious defeat, rather than an opportunity to demonstrate that educational diversity can be accommodated within Canada's most populated province. This thesis is an attempt to analyze how successful provincial policy-implementation models were in answering public demand. A majority of the public did not demand additional separate school funding, yet it was put into place. The same majority did insist on an examination of educational methods, and the government did put changes in place. It will also demonstrate how policy if wisely created may spread additional benefits to the public at large. Catholic students currently enjoy a much improved financial contribution from the province, yet these additional funds were taken from somewhere. The public system had it funds reduced with what would appear to be minimal impact. This impact indicates that government policy is still sensitive to the strongly held convictions of those people in opposition to a given policy.

Le sensemaking collectif dans une équipe virtuelle

Les équipes virtuelles font l’objet de beaucoup d’attention depuis près de deux décennies. Elles font désormais partie des organisations qui ont dû s’ajuster à l’internationalisation des marchés. Elles sont aussi de plus en plus présentes dans les universités qui mettent en place des cours en environnement virtuel pour préparer leurs étudiants aux nouvelles réalités du marché du travail. Elles sont aussi le fruit des modes nées sous l’impulsion de l’approche constructiviste de la pédagogie. Les recherches qui s’intéressent a elles ont des préoccupations principalement téléologiques et utilitaristes qui donnent le point de vue des gestionnaires et des enseignants sur le phénomène. Peu de recherches se sont penchées sur l’expérience vécue par les membres de ces équipes. Par ailleurs, la volonté de dégager les lois générales des équipes virtuelles amène les chercheurs à l’amputer d’une partie de sa complexité. Notre recherche propose d’observer la manière dont des étudiants ont vécu leur expérience de collaboration en équipe virtuelle. Nous adoptons une posture interprétative et une approche narrative pour observer leur «sensemaking». Cette perspective nous permet de tenir compte de la complexité du phénomène. Nos questions de recherche sont : comment les étudiants font-ils sens de leur collaboration? Comment le «sensemaking» individuel contribue-t-il à construire le «sensemaking» collectif? Nos résultats nous renseignent sur l’importance que revêt le «sensegiving», pour les équipes virtuelles, dans la création de «sensemaking» collectif.

L'association entre la psychopathie et les pratiques parentales dans une population non criminelle

La présente thèse avait pour but d’étudier les liens qui existaient entre la psychopathie du parent et les pratiques parentales utilisées. L’échantillon était composé de 65 parents francophones, hommes ou femmes, ayant au moins un enfant âgé entre 6 et 10 ans. Les parents ont été rencontrés à leur domicile, à l’école de leur enfant ou dans un organisme communautaire. Le Self Report Psychopathy Scale R12-III (Paulhus, Hemphill & Hare, sous presse) a été traduit en français pour la présente étude afin de mesurer la psychopathie du parent. La version francophone de l’Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (Pauzé & al., 2004) a été utilisée pour mesurer cinq pratiques parentales : les pratiques éducatives positives, le manque de supervision, l’engagement, la discipline incohérente et les punitions corporelles. La version francophone de l’échelle de désirabilité sociale abrégée de Marlowe-Crowe (Crowe-Marlowe, 1960) a été jointe aux deux autres questionnaires (Bergeron, Valla & Breton, 1992). Des régressions simples ont été effectuées entre le score global de psychopathie et chacune des cinq pratiques parentales énumérées ci-dessus. Ensuite, des régressions multiples ont été exécutées afin de vérifier quel était le meilleur facteur de la psychopathie pouvant prédire chaque pratique parentale. Les résultats ont montré que la psychopathie était associée négativement de façon significative aux pratiques éducatives positives et à l’engagement. Un lien significatif positif a été soulevé entre la psychopathie et l’utilisation des punitions corporelles. Les analyses secondaires ont démontré que le facteur interpersonnel de la psychopathie expliquait une proportion significative des pratiques éducatives positives. Le facteur antisocial a prédit, quant à lui, une petite partie significative de l’engagement au-delà de l’explication fournie par la désirabilité sociale. Le style de vie du psychopathe a contribué à une proportion significative de l’explication de la variance des punitions corporelles. Il semblerait pertinent d’intervenir le plus tôt possible auprès du parent et de l’enfant afin d’éviter que les mauvaises pratiques et les traits psychopathes ne se répètent dans les générations futures. Des méthodes d’intervention ont été suggérées. Les forces et les faiblesses de l’étude ont été discutées.

Las Medidas organizativas de atención a la diversidad en un centro de enseñanza secundaria: un estudio de casos

Sabemos que al menos un 20% del alumnado entre 12 y 16 años no manifiesta ninguna motivación para el aprendizaje en la mayoría de las áreas del currículum escolar (Marchesi, 2004) y que esa desafección, al menos en España, se gesta en la educación primaria de manera que el éxito (o el fracaso) escolar en esa etapa se convierte en el principal predictor del éxito (o del fracaso) en la ESO (Marchesi y Martín, 2002). La primera conclusión parece obvia: si queremos que los alumnos vayan bien en la educación secundaria hemos de conseguir que vayan bien en la educación primaria. Pero, ¿qué ocurre cuando nuestro alumnado llega a los institutos sin esos conocimientos mínimos sin los cuales no hay garantía posible de éxito? ¿Hemos de aceptar ese determinismo y convertirnos en meros espectadores de un fracaso anunciado? Uno de los principales indicadores de la calidad de la educación en un estado democrático es el trato que se da a aquella parte del alumnado que presenta dificultades para aprender. El hecho de que la enseñanza secundaria en el actual sistema educativo español sea obligatoria y comprensiva (es decir, que se enseñen los mismos contenidos a todos los alumnos) dificulta considerablemente la tarea del profesorado a la vez que incrementa el riesgo de fracaso escolar. Para contrarrestar dicho riesgo, los legisladores han dotado a los centros de una mayor autonomía que se pone de manifiesto en tres ámbitos fundamentales: 1. En el diseño currricular, a través del Proyecto Curricular de Centro (PCC). El currículum ha dejado de ser rígido y dictado por la administración a ser abierto y flexible, con un diseño final que ahora es responsabilidad de los claustros de profesores . 2. En la organización del centro, que toma decisiones sobre la forma de agrupar el alumnado, la adscripción del profesorado a los distintos grupos o la coordinación efectiva del profesorado. 3. En el acceso a recursos materiales y humanos que respondan a las necesidades reales del centro como consecuencia del ejercicio de su autonomía. Los diferentes decretos y resoluciones de las autoridades educativas de cada Comunidad Autónoma han delimitado el campo de actuación de los centros para que, dentro de su autonomía, puedan hacer frente a una diversidad creciente del alumnado (en capacidades, en intereses y motivación y en su condición social) con el objetivo final de garantizar el éxito 2 escolar. En Cataluña, por ejemplo, las instrucciones para la organización y el funcionamiento de los centros de secundaria, que son publicadas para cada curso escolar, regulan de manera cada vez más extensa aspectos relativos a la atención a las necesidades educativas del alumnado. Así, dichas medidas incrementan año tras año el abanico de recursos que se ponen a disposición de los centros: Aula abierta, Unidad de soporte a la educación especial, Unidad de educación especial, Unidad de escolarización compartida, Aula de acogida, etc. Todas estas medidas organizativas se complementan con puntos concretos relativos a los criterios generales sobre la distribución de grupos, la dedicación horaria del profesorado y de los diferentes órganos de coordinación, las funciones del profesorado de la especialidad de Psicología y Pedagogía y de los Maestros de Pedagogía terapéutica o las adaptaciones curriculares, así como la puesta a disposición de los equipos directivos (ED) de un número creciente de recursos humanos. Sin embargo, todo ello choca en ocasiones con una realidad que se caracteriza por : ¿ La resistencia de una parte del profesorado hacia la generalización de la educación secundaria obligatoria y comprensiva, en parte como consecuencia del deterioro que ha experimentado en sus condiciones de trabajo: un ambiente de clase poco propició al aprendizaje, una mayor exigencia de coordinación, una adaptación de sus quehaceres a una mayor diversidad de alumnado, un incremento de la burocracia administrativa docente, etc. (Fernández, 2001; Bolívar, 2004). ¿ La resistencia de una parte de los ED a la aplicación estricta de las normas en perjuicio de los principios pedagógicos y de igualdad que las impulsaban. Por ejemplo, los itinerarios escolares, que quedaron descartados en la LOGSE y posteriormente en la LOE, se han aplicado en innumerables centros a través de los criterios seguidos para agrupar a los alumnos (Cucurella, 2002; Estruch, 2002; Muñoz, 2000). ¿ Un profesorado instalado en una auténtica crisis de identidad que no acaba de asumir la enorme complejidad del proceso de educar en una sociedad incierta como la actual (pero en la que la educación es un derecho fundamental) y al que no ayuda una legislación en continuo cambio y cada vez más extensa (Fernández, 2001). ¿ Un profesorado que, a pesar de asumir la importancia de atender las necesidades educativas de todos los alumnos y alumnas, manifiesta un escaso conocimiento de las medidas destinadas a su tratamiento. Además, reconoce el escaso seguimiento y revisión que se lleva a cabo en los centros de los objetivos y de la planificación de la atención de la diversidad (Muñoz et all, 2007). El resultado de todo ello es un tira y afloja entre lo que pide la administración y lo que dan los centros escolares de secundaria. Desconocemos en qué medida la realidad del conjunto de los 3 centros de secundaria se acerca a la teoría que propugna la norma. En Cataluña, los últimos datos conocidos (los del Plan director 1997-2001, de la Inspección de educación) ponen de manifiesto una caída en picado de algunas actuaciones relacionadas con la atención de la diversidad cuando pasamos de la educación primaria a la educación secundaria, justo en el momento en el que los alumnos con menos expectativas de éxito demandan de una atención redoblada. El discurso sobre la diversidad y las teorías mejor elaboradas se estrellan a menudo sobre la organización encargada de llevarlas a la práctica. La existencia de un proyecto pedagógico realista, ajustado a las necesidades del centro y consensuado, la actuación colegiada del profesorado, la flexibilidad que sucede a la valoración crítica de los resultados, las adaptaciones curriculares, etc. son actuaciones que se han descrito como potenciadoras del tratamiento de la diversidad (Santos, 2002). Cuando se dispone de medios humanos suficientes, la adopción de una organización del centro que dé respuesta a la diversidad de su alumnado dentro de los límites legales depende sólo de la voluntad de los ED. Es cierto que dicha voluntad se haya limitada por las características del claustro y por la cultura del centro. Pero esos condicionantes ni son definitivos ni son ajenos a la acción transformadora del propio ED. El propósito de la investigación es analizar el conjunto de medidas organizativas que aplica un centro de enseñanza secundaria para dar respuesta a las necesidades educativas del alumnado que tiene dificultades para adquirir los conocimientos mínimos que le permitan pasar de curso y/o acreditar la ESO.

Gestaltpädagogische Elemente in der Berufspädagogik. Potentielle Erträge gestaltpädagogischer Ansätze für die berufliche Bildung. Konzepte, Fundierung, Realisierungsformen.

Gestaltpädagogische Elemente in der Berufspädagogik Potentielle Erträge gestaltpädagogischer Ansätze für die berufliche Bildung - Konzepte, Fundierung, Realisierungsformen - Zusammenfassung: Berufsausbilder, Berufsschullehrer und Trainer in der Aus- und Weiterbildung werden heute mit vielfältigen Veränderungen konfrontiert. Aufgrund des Technikeinsatzes zeigt sich in vie-len Unternehmen ein Wandel der beruflich organisierten Arbeit. Die wirtschaftlichen, techni-schen und sozialen Systemzusammenhänge werden zunehmend komplexer, dynamischer, enger vernetzt und normativ unbestimmter. Die technologische Entwicklung, vor allem der Kommunikationsmedien, hat eine Temposteigerung der Informationsübermittlung zur Folge, die gleichzeitig das Wissen erhöht. Mit der Forderung nach Schlüsselqualifikationen und der Wiederentdeckung ganzheitlicher Arbeitssituationen ist das Bestreben nach Bildungskonzep-ten verbunden, die mit der Herausbildung von Kompetenzen, wie vernetztes, system- und handlungsbezogenes Denken in komplexen Kontexten, Abstraktionsvermögen, systemati-sches Verständnis von Organisationsinterdependenzen, Selbstständigkeit, Selbstverantwor-tung, soziale, methodische und kommunikative Kompetenz und Innovationskraft korrespon-dieren. Unter dem Blickwinkel der Gestaltpädagogik fällt auf, dass die Berufspädagogik Methoden und Techniken in der betrieblichen Aus- und Weiterbildung nutzt, die wesentliche Elemente der Gestaltpädagogik enthalten. Eine konkrete theoretische Fundierung und Einbettung in die Berufspädagogik fehlt jedoch bisher. Die primäre Zielsetzung der Arbeit ist, die theoretischen Grundlagen der Gestaltpädagogik herauszuarbeiten und sie mit der Berufspädagogik in Verbindung zu bringen. An Beispielen wird aufgezeigt, wie gestaltpädagogische Aspekte in die betriebliche Aus- und Weiterbildung einfließen. Dabei werden unter anderem auch die Grenzen und Potentiale der Gestaltpädago-gik für die Berufspädagogik betrachtet. Die theoretische und praktische Relevanz der Arbeit ergibt sich daraus, dass erstmals berufs-pädagogische Vorgehensweisen der Praxis im Hinblick auf gestaltpädagogische Aspekte un-tersucht wurden. Die wesentlichen Forschungsergebnisse dieser Arbeit lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: In der betrieblichen Aus- und Weiterbildung kommen Methoden und Vorgehensweisen zum Einsatz, die oberflächlich betrachtet gestaltpädagogischen Charakter haben. Jedoch werden die gestaltpädagogischen Grundgedanken, wie z.B. eine ganzheitlich umfassende Persönlich-keitsentwicklung, persönlich bedeutsames Lernen, Förderung der sozialen Interaktionsfähig-keit oder die Förderung der Autonomie in der betrieblichen Bildungsarbeit auf ein Minimum reduziert. Die gestaltpädagogischen Methoden und Vorgehensweisen werden überwiegend auf ökonomische Zwecke hin ausgerichtet und funktionalisiert eingesetzt. Man kann sagen, dass sich die betriebliche Praxis mit der Aneinanderreihung von kreativen Übungen zufrieden gibt, und eine Tendenz zu erlebnisaktivierenden Vorgehensweisen zu erkennen ist.

Helpful information for parents of newly diagnosed hearing-impaired children

This paper presents an information booklet for parents of newly diagnosed hearing-impaired children. The booklet provides basic supplemental information to aid parents in understanding hearing impairment, audiologic information, and educational options. Topics covered include audiograms, educational methods, hearing aids, cochlear implants, informational resources, communication strategies, and hearing health-care specialists.

Étude des méthodes d'enseignement utilisées dans la classe de Français Langue Étrangère en Suède

Ce mémoire traite des méthodologies générales et systématisées de la didactique des langues étrangères développées à différentes périodes, ainsi que des méthodes d’enseignement (techniques, outils, matériels, exercices, activités et tâches etc.) et des théories autour de celles-ci. En utilisant une enquête, remplie par des professeurs travaillant dans certaines écoles suédoises, cette étude lie les méthodologies, les méthodes d’enseignement et les théories avec les pratiques de classe. L’étude montre quelles méthodes d’enseignement sont utilisées et la fréquence de leur utilisation, ainsi que les liens avec les méthodologies. Elle montre aussi que l’enseignement des professeurs de l’étude est principalement représentatif d’une seule méthodologie (la méthodologie cognitiviste – l’approche communicative).

The Björling 'Opera' : A children's Nursery Academy and an Italian Conservatory in Miniature

The aim in this chapter is to develop a deeper understanding about the informal Björling 'School' in Sweden. Contextually the example is related to the micro history of opera education contributing to the macro perspective illuminating a provincial example of the concept of domestic opera schooling. The specific focus was on Karl David Björling (1873-1926), the teaching parent of the Swedish tenor Jussi Björling (1911-1960) and his brothers Gösta and Olle.   The Björling family model of opera schooling belongs to the classical canon of domestic home education which was common during the epoch. The phenomenon is also within the field of opera singing an important reference to the historical context of the Nordic opera history of vocal education.   The uniqueness concerning the Björling School seems to be the rigorous and exceptionally early training. David Björling’s pedagogy was rooted in earlier German theories of musical upbringing. It's clear from his results that he was familiar with the neo-humanistic ideal on which reformed music education was based. Of a specific interest is the term Gesang als Unterricht as a concept for developing childrens musical and memorising capacities.   Conceptually the roots of the Björling model are in the eighteenth-century Romantic view of prodigies and their abilities. The extensive touring is connected to the promotion of wonder-children, and David Björling’s educational style to the conservative Master-pupil tradition.   David Björling's vocal ideal was a part of the contemporary debate about “The decadence of the singing art”, and seems to have its roots in an older Italian tradition. There are recurring similarities between his educational methods and the didactic principles of the Lamperti School: Enjoying a revival around the late 1800s and early 1900s, it has been called the natural or the national school. Nevertheless, through authentic experiences and gramophone recordings the Italian tenor Enrico Caruso became David Björling’s pedagogical role model.

Self-rated preparedness of Australian prevocational hospital doctors for emergencies

Objective: To determine perceived preparedness of Australian hospital-based prevocational doctors for resuscitation skills and management of emergencies, and to identify differences between doctors who perceive themselves well prepared and those who perceive themselves poorly prepared for emergencies, in demographics and exposure to desired learning methods.

Methods: Questionnaire consisting of a mix of graded Likert scales and free-text answers distributed to 36 Australian hospitals for secondary distribution to hospital medical officers.

Results: From 2607 questionnaires posted, 470 (18.1%) were returned. Thirty-one per cent (95% confidence interval [CI] 26–35%) felt well prepared for resuscitation and management of emergencies, 41% (CI 37–45%) felt adequately prepared and 28% (CI 24–32%) felt they were not well prepared. Those who felt well prepared reported that they had experienced more exposure to a range of educational methods, including consultant contact, supervisor feedback, clinical skills, high fidelity simulator sessions and unit meetings. Well-prepared and poorly prepared doctors had similar opinions of the usefulness of various learning methods, but the poorly prepared group more frequently expressed a desire for increased exposure to contact with registrars and consultants, clinical skills sessions and hospital and unit meetings. There were no differences in gender, age or country of origin (Australia vs international medical graduates) between those who felt well or poorly prepared.

Conclusions: Many prevocational hospital doctors feel inadequately prepared for the management of emergencies. Perceived preparedness is associated with more exposure to particular educational activities. Increasing exposure to learning of emergencies in undergraduate and prevocational years could reduce the number of junior doctors who feel poorly prepared for emergencies.