Ecologia populacional do coleóptero marinho Efflagitatus freudei Pacheco, 1973 (Heteroceridae) na praia de Rondinha, Arroio do Sal, RS, Brasil

A presente dissertação de mestrado teve como objetivos verificar o efeito da inundação sobre os adultos de Efflagitatus freudei Pacheco, 1973 pelas marés de ressaca; caracterizar os tipos de túneis realizados pela espécie no substrato e descrever a dinâmica populacional de E. freudei, analisando a sua distribuição espacial e temporal em função de alguns parâmetros ambientais. Para tanto, foram realizadas amostragens e observações quinzenais na praia de Rondinha, Arroio do Sal, RS (29°29’55”S - 49°50’47”O), entre junho de 1999 e julho de 2000. Também foram realizados experimentos em laboratório. Os adultos apresentaram sobrevivência de 100% à inundação, entretanto apresentaram dois tipos de comportamento: permanecer dentro dos túneis ou abandonar a área inundada através de vôo. Foram encontrados três tipos de túneis: horizontais, verticais com uma saída e verticais com duas saídas. Em relação aos túneis verticais houve diferença na profundidade dos mesmos em relação ao estágio de desenvolvimento e à localização no perfil da praia. O padrão de distribuição da espécie variou durante o ano. No inverno os animais estavam retraídos à região superior da praia. Na primavera migraram para a região central da praia e colonizaram praticamente toda a faixa praial até o verão. No outono, a população voltou a subir para a região ocupada no inverno anterior. No inverno foram encontrados apenas adultos; os estágios imaturos surgiram na primavera e ocorreram até metade do outono. As densidades máximas para posturas e larvas foram encontradas na primavera; já para adultos e pupas, os valores máximos foram registrados no outono. A espécie mostrou-se extremamente adaptada à dinâmica da praia, através da construção de túneis efetivos na proteção de inundação e da capacidade de acompanhar as modificações da faixa praial.

Ecologia populacional de Talitroides topitotum (Crustacea: Amphipoda) em uma reserva de floresta atlântica

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Ecologia populacional de Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera, Calliphoridae): aspecto do desenvolvimento em diferentes densidades larvais e seus efeitos sobre os adultos resultantes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estimativa populacional e uso do hábitat do boto-cinza (Sotalia guianensis) no litoral sul do Rio Grande do Norte

Four areas are known as of frequent usage by Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in the south coast of Rio Grande do Norte state, northeast Brazil: Tabatinga, Pipa, Lagoa de Guaraíras and Baia Formosa. This extension of 40 km of shoreline is under increasing anthropogenic impacts due to continuous development of the coastal areas and vessel traffic. The objective of this study was to investigate aspects of population biology and habitat use of the population of Sotalia guianensis in the south coast of Rio Grande do Norte. It was applied the photo-identification technique and posterior methods of capture-recapture for population estimation (POPAN extension in MARK). The distribution, movement and site fidelity of the dolphins were analyzed trough the geographic information system (GIS) and group characteristics and behavior trough non-parametric statistics. Field work was conducted on board a 10m motor vessel from March 2008 to March 2009. Photo-identification effort was 329h with 113h of direct observation of the dolphins. The population estimatives for each area: Tabatinga: 75 (63-92); Pipa 105 (88-129); Lagoa de Guaraíras: 27 (18-54) e Baia Formosa: 112 (89-129) individuals. Total population estimative was: 223 (192 a 297). High site fidelity was detected for only part of the population (<15%) as low site fidelity and transients individuals were also detected (>20%). It was observed frequent movements between Tabatinga, Lagoa de Guaraíras and Pipa, but not Baía Formosa. This suggests a division in two communities along this shore extension: one in Pipa and other in Baía Formosa. Group size was small, most groups with up to 10 dolphins. The areas were use intensively, only in Lagoa de Guaraíras dolphins were not seen in all field trips. Lagoa de Guaraíras is an area used by small groups exclusively for foraging. In Tabatinga and Pipa dolphins concentrated close to the shore, in the inner sector of the area and the main activity is also foraging. Significant larger groups were seen in socializing behavior but there was no difference in group size between the inner and external sectors of the area. The presence of calves and juveniles were significant greater in the inner areas of Tabatinga and Pipa, confirming the hypothesis that these beaches are also used for parental care. In Baia Formosa dolphins concentrated in the outer sector and foraging was also predominant. Significant larger groups were seen in the outer sector, mainly engaged in mixed behaviors of travel/foraging, possibly in some kind of group foraging. Calves and juveniles were significant more present in the outer sector where group size was also larger. In general there was no difference in area usage and period of the day. Sotalia guianensis has characteristics that make the species vulnerable to human activities such as small population concentrated in patches of suitable habitats restrict to coastal areas. We hope that this study bring new information for the species and help for the adequate management of the area in order to assure the presence of the dolphins as well as its behavior pattern and gene flow betweencommunities.

Relação entre ciclo de vida do produto turístico e estratégias de cooperação na faixa litorânea urbana do município de Natal

Tourism in the Northeast of Brazil was introduced as an alternative economic development for the Region by federal promoting policies that focused primarily in structuring the local geographic area. With the completion of these structuring actions, mass tourism expanding the area, as well as spread actions based on cooperation and formalization of governance institutions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal and the cooperation strategies in a historical perspective. Thus was submitted to the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal ; the major projects of tourism development were mapped, the existing cooperation strategies were characterized, and investigated the influence of the cooperation actions for the current stage of product. The specific theoretical support to tourism was built on the perspective of the Theory of Population Ecology, System of Tourism and Touristic Product Life Cycle. Regarding to cooperation the theoretical foundation addressed issues of strategy, New Forms and Collective Efficiency. The survey consisted of a causal descriptive study, using a case study. We used the qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches, and data collected by consulting of secondary data and semistructured interviews with twelve staff working in tourism in Natal. Results showed that the life cycle graph of product 'Coastal Cities of Natal is moving from one stage of growth to a stage of maturity, with a primary upward trend and with crises that are up over the graph. They have been mapped six of tourism development projects of relevance to the product: The Politics of Mega Projects, PRODETUR/NE, Municipalization National Program of Tourism, Regionalization Program, Urbanization Project Beach do Meio and Actions for the Promotion of Destiny. They have been identified sixty-four participating players in process of tourism development, which twenty were considered relevant to the respondents. The main strategies identified for cooperation were the consortium, collective strategy and clusters. Results indicated that co-operation strategies were adopted so that the benefits were obtained at the collective level, dedicated to the strengthening of Natal Destiny and its products. The main reasons were the need of cooperative marketing, international market entry and actions inducing the state. Finally, it was concluded that strategies for cooperation related to product life cycle 'Coastal Cities of Natal' as that work in the consolidation of projects for development of tourism, when the efficiency of collective action is achieved

Demographic aspects of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera, Calliphoridae) adults maintained under experimental conditions: reproductive rate estimates

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estrutura e distribuição espacial de Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. (Clusiaceae), em uma floresta de restinga, no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, núcleo Picinguaba, Ubatuba - SP

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) - IBRC

Aspectos demográficos de Chrysomya albiceps (W.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae): análise de sensibilidade dos fatores de mortalidade no estágio imaturo e parâmetros demográficos de adultos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Variação sazonal no recrutamento de Phragmatopoma caudata (Polychaeta, Sabellariidae) na costa sudeste do Brasil: biometria e validação de metodologia para categorização de classes etárias

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relação entre ciclo de vida do produto turístico e estratégias de cooperação na faixa litorânea urbana do município de Natal

Tourism in the Northeast of Brazil was introduced as an alternative economic development for the Region by federal promoting policies that focused primarily in structuring the local geographic area. With the completion of these structuring actions, mass tourism expanding the area, as well as spread actions based on cooperation and formalization of governance institutions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal and the cooperation strategies in a historical perspective. Thus was submitted to the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal ; the major projects of tourism development were mapped, the existing cooperation strategies were characterized, and investigated the influence of the cooperation actions for the current stage of product. The specific theoretical support to tourism was built on the perspective of the Theory of Population Ecology, System of Tourism and Touristic Product Life Cycle. Regarding to cooperation the theoretical foundation addressed issues of strategy, New Forms and Collective Efficiency. The survey consisted of a causal descriptive study, using a case study. We used the qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches, and data collected by consulting of secondary data and semistructured interviews with twelve staff working in tourism in Natal. Results showed that the life cycle graph of product 'Coastal Cities of Natal is moving from one stage of growth to a stage of maturity, with a primary upward trend and with crises that are up over the graph. They have been mapped six of tourism development projects of relevance to the product: The Politics of Mega Projects, PRODETUR/NE, Municipalization National Program of Tourism, Regionalization Program, Urbanization Project Beach do Meio and Actions for the Promotion of Destiny. They have been identified sixty-four participating players in process of tourism development, which twenty were considered relevant to the respondents. The main strategies identified for cooperation were the consortium, collective strategy and clusters. Results indicated that co-operation strategies were adopted so that the benefits were obtained at the collective level, dedicated to the strengthening of Natal Destiny and its products. The main reasons were the need of cooperative marketing, international market entry and actions inducing the state. Finally, it was concluded that strategies for cooperation related to product life cycle 'Coastal Cities of Natal' as that work in the consolidation of projects for development of tourism, when the efficiency of collective action is achieved

Estrutura e dinâmica de populações de Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766) (Rodentia) em duas áreas urbanas no norte do Paraná, Brasil

This study aimed to evaluate the population ecology of Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766) in two urban areas in the north of Paraná, an open and other protected by assessing the effects of these two different types of environments on the structure and dynamics of the population and its implications for conservation of the species. The monitoring of the populations were performed monthly between June 2014 and March 2015 in Jaboti Lake Park (Apucarana / PR) and Conservation Unit Parque Arthur Thomas (Londrina / PR). To conduct the survey population data was used the methodology of total census (direct counting of individuals).They were evaluated ecological parameters of the populations of capybaras, such as ecological density, abundance, age distribution and birth rate, as well as performed the analysis of the landscape. It was applied to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the differences between the averages of the abundance of each age group per year of observation, as well as the differences between the average ecological density over the years of observation. The standard relationship between the use of classes and land use in the landscape and the ecological parameters of the capybara populations was evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The trend of variation of average abundance over time to Thomas Arthur Park revealed abrupt decrease of the population in a short period of time (2014 16 ± 9, 14 ± 1 and 2015 7±1) as well as ecological density in 2015 (0.05 ind./ha). On the other hand, the Jaboti Lake Park, showed an increase in absolute abundance, with marked recovery of the population in the same period (2014 38±8,30 and 2015 45±1,73) and coming up with an ecological density in 2015 (2 ind ./ha). The birth rate found Lake Park Jaboti was superior to Arthur Thomas Park, which had a negative rate between 2012 and 2015. The use and land cover analysis showed significant differences from the point of view of the relative contribution of landscape elements in the spatial heterogeneity. Arthur Thomas Park shows areas of dense vegetation and urban areas relatively higher than those observed in Jaboti Lake Park that revealed relatively higher proportions of the areas of agriculture / field and exposed soil. Thus, the present study revealed that the local population structure is directly related to the spatial characteristics of both studied landscapes, as can be seen by the greater abundance and density seen in Jaboti Lake Park compared to Arthur Thomas Park in recent years of study.

Relação entre ciclo de vida do produto turístico e estratégias de cooperação na faixa litorânea urbana do município de Natal

Tourism in the Northeast of Brazil was introduced as an alternative economic development for the Region by federal promoting policies that focused primarily in structuring the local geographic area. With the completion of these structuring actions, mass tourism expanding the area, as well as spread actions based on cooperation and formalization of governance institutions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal and the cooperation strategies in a historical perspective. Thus was submitted to the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal ; the major projects of tourism development were mapped, the existing cooperation strategies were characterized, and investigated the influence of the cooperation actions for the current stage of product. The specific theoretical support to tourism was built on the perspective of the Theory of Population Ecology, System of Tourism and Touristic Product Life Cycle. Regarding to cooperation the theoretical foundation addressed issues of strategy, New Forms and Collective Efficiency. The survey consisted of a causal descriptive study, using a case study. We used the qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches, and data collected by consulting of secondary data and semistructured interviews with twelve staff working in tourism in Natal. Results showed that the life cycle graph of product 'Coastal Cities of Natal is moving from one stage of growth to a stage of maturity, with a primary upward trend and with crises that are up over the graph. They have been mapped six of tourism development projects of relevance to the product: The Politics of Mega Projects, PRODETUR/NE, Municipalization National Program of Tourism, Regionalization Program, Urbanization Project Beach do Meio and Actions for the Promotion of Destiny. They have been identified sixty-four participating players in process of tourism development, which twenty were considered relevant to the respondents. The main strategies identified for cooperation were the consortium, collective strategy and clusters. Results indicated that co-operation strategies were adopted so that the benefits were obtained at the collective level, dedicated to the strengthening of Natal Destiny and its products. The main reasons were the need of cooperative marketing, international market entry and actions inducing the state. Finally, it was concluded that strategies for cooperation related to product life cycle 'Coastal Cities of Natal' as that work in the consolidation of projects for development of tourism, when the efficiency of collective action is achieved

Aspectos biológicos do psilídeo-de-concha glycaspis brimblecombei (hemiptera:psyllidae) em condições de laboratório.

O psilídeo-de-concha Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) vêm causando consideráveis danos aos hortos de eucalipto brasileiros.Estudos da biologia do inseto vêm sendo realizados, no país e no exterior, visando determinar aspectos relacionados ao ciclo de vida, interações com outros organismos vivos e formas alternativas de controle. Entretanto aspectos relacionados à morfologia e ao registro de agrotóxicos vêm limitando ao utilização do controle químico. Para identificar técnicas mais eficientes de controle biológico do inseto torna-se necessária a definição de seu comportamento no ambiente brasileiro bem como a manutenção da criação em laboratório da praga para garantir a disponibilidade de populações de potenciais agentes de controle. Recentemente, estudos preliminares da ecologia populacional do inseto foram realizados pela Embrapa Meio Ambiente para identificar as longevidades de machos e fêmeas, e o período de aparecimento da primeira geração de adultos provenientes dos insetos introduzidos. O experimento foi realizado em sala de criação (25 ± 2 ºC, UR 60 ± 10% e fotofase de 12h), considerando duas populações de adultos distintas na razão fêmeas : machos de 1,06 e 0,60, mantidas em gaiolas contendo tubetes de plantas de Eucaliptus camaldulensis, espécie preferencial ao ataque da praga. As tabelas de esperança de vida de machos e fêmeas foram montadas considerando dois métodos. Os resultados indicaram longevidades maiores para machos, na proporção de longevidades machos : fêmeas de 1,27 e 1,47 nas gaiolas de criação avaliadas, sendo diferentes das encontradas em literatura.

Ecologia e biologia populacional do caranguejo Heptus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Aethroidea) na região de Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ecologia, pesca e dinâmica populacional do camarão-da-Amazônia - Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (Decapoda:Palaemonidae) – capturado na região das ilhas de Belém - Pará - Brasil

A partir de coletas biológicas mensais na Baía do Guajará e Ilha do Mosqueiro, foram obtidas amostragens de Macrobrachium amazonicum para estudos de reprodução, densidade, relações morfométricas e dinâmica de populações. Adicionalmente, dois outros desenhos amostrais foram utilizados para estudo da capturabilidade da espécie sobre influência de dois tipos de iscas e três tamanhos de armadilhas e de sua distribuição espacial em dois canais perenes do mesmo estuário. Os resultados apontam para diferença na captura de M. amazonicum quando se utiliza isca de farelo de babaçu, porém a diferença é unicamente na abundância sendo que a estrutura populacional não é modificada. A espécie é mais abundante no período seco, corroborando a idéia de maior capturabilidade dos recursos pesqueiros. A ilha do Combu é o local onde os espécimes são mais encontrados e ainda com maiores tamanhos. As fêmeas são significativamente maiores e mais pesadas que os machos, denotando a diferenciação no metabolismo devido à reprodução. A proporção de machos é maior nas menores classes de comprimento, o que pode indicar um aumento na predação de machos de menores tamanhos devido ao seu comportamento mais agressivo que o das fêmeas ou simplesmente por que os machos que atingem comprimentos maiores que as fêmeas sejam mais intensamente predados pela pesca, havendo o recrutamento apenas dos machos menores. O tamanho de primeira maturação (comprimento da carapaça) para ambos os sexos resultou em 11,5mm (11,5 mm nos machos e 11,2mm nas fêmeas). A reprodução em M. amazonicum é do tipo contínua ou periódica com um aumento gradativo entre os meses de outubro a março. Os locais mais abrigados, como regiões mais internas de canais de maré ou furos (comuns no estuário amazônico) são locais preferencialmente procurados por fêmeas maduras para a desova e crescimento dos juvenis. Os parâmetros de crescimento da curva de von Bertalanffy obtidos, foram bastante similares entre os sexos, sendo L∞ = 44,8mm e K = 0,35 para os machos e L∞ = 46,5 e K = 0,31 para as fêmeas. As taxas de mortalidade e explotação obtidas apontam para um estado limítrofe de explotação do recurso, neste sentido, o manejo deverá ser tratado com bastante cuidado. A taxa atual de explotação encontra-se no seu limite máximo de sustentabilidade. Nesta situação, qualquer aumento do esforço poderá ocasionar um estado de sobre-explotação de crescimento. Aliado ao estado de quase comprometimento dos estoques de M. amazonicum, a situação sócio econômica dos pescadores também não é diferente dos demais sistemas pesqueiros do litoral do Pará: baixa escolaridade, atuação deficiente das entidades de classe, cadeia produtiva complexa e que desprivilegia os seus principais atores. Sugere-se o monitoramento estatístico da produção; a delimitação do tamanho mínimo de captura em 4,5cm de comprimeto total; a proibição da pesca com matapis em áreas de cabeceira de furos e canais de maré; um censo de usuários e a utilização de modelos bioeconômicos que contemplem os principais aspectos de sua cadeia biológica e produtiva.