Health and prevention among East African women in the U.S.

African-born individuals in the U.S. face significant health challenges, including low utilization of preventive screening services. Using a community-based participatory research framework, we describe preliminary efforts at establishing a collaborative relationship with the East African communities of San Diego, identifying salient community health needs, and developing a framework for disseminating information and addressing identified health gaps. To this end, 40 East African-born women participated in focus groups with the purpose of eliciting community perspectives on U.S. health care services, beliefs about preventive screening, and to garner recommendations for future outreach. Qualitative analyses identified participants’ desire to engage in primary prevention techniques that incorporated best practices from their home countries and the U.S., and the need for health education programs to provide information on increasingly prevalent chronic diseases. The findings are discussed in connection with continued community-engaged efforts and the implications for health and resettlement policies to reduce inequities disfavoring resettled refugees.

Current kinematics and dynamics of Africa and the East African Rift System

Although the East African Rift System (EARS) is an archetype continental rift, the forces driving its evolution remain debated. Some contend buoyancy forces arising from gravitational potential energy (GPE) gradients within the lithosphere drive rifting. Others argue for a major role of the diverging mantle flow associated with the African Superplume. Here we quantify the forces driving present-day continental rifting in East Africa by (1) solving the depth averaged 3-D force balance equations for 3-D deviatoric stress associated with GPE, (2) inverting for a stress field boundary condition that we interpret as originating from large-scale mantle tractions, (3) calculating dynamic velocities due to lithospheric buoyancy forces, lateral viscosity variations, and velocity boundary conditions, and (4) calculating dynamic velocities that result from the stress response of horizontal mantle tractions acting on a viscous lithosphere in Africa and surroundings. We find deviatoric stress associated with lithospheric GPE gradients are similar to 8-20 MPa in EARS, and the minimum deviatoric stress resulting from basal shear is similar to 1.6 MPa along the EARS. Our dynamic velocity calculations confirm that a force contribution from GPE gradients alone is sufficient to drive Nubia-Somalia divergence and that additional forcing from horizontal mantle tractions overestimates surface kinematics. Stresses from GPE gradients appear sufficient to sustain present-day rifting in East Africa; however, they are lower than the vertically integrated strength of the lithosphere along most of the EARS. This indicates additional processes are required to initiate rupture of continental lithosphere, but once it is initiated, lithospheric buoyancy forces are enough to maintain rifting.

Microorganisms of the East African Great Lakes and their response to environmental changes

We have reviewed the phytoplankton composition and succession in the East African Great Lakes, their response to environmental changes, and the communities of microorganisms of the microbial food web. Recent studies in some great lakes, as well as progress in understanding phytoplankton succession and response to environmental factors, enable us to update knowledge of the phytoplankton ecology of these lakes. In particular, we present information indicating that phytoplankton composition in lakes Tanganyika and Kivu may reflect recent changes as a result of global warming or species introduction. We also stress the importance of microbes (at the base of the food web) in these systems and suggest that the microbial food web, which has been mostly overlooked until recently, may play a very large role in determining productivity and nutrient cycling in these large lakes.

A study on the trend of sports fishery of Mafia Island (Tanzania) along the East African coast from 1961-1972

Mafia waters in the western Indian Ocean on the east coast of Africa is a natural attractive area for fishing. It has extensive coral beds which harbour good fish life and attracts sport fishery in the area. About 12 commercially important fishes listed are caught by sports fishermen. The data indicates that this area can become an attractive centre for sports fishery almost throughout the year with peak season from November to February. Long-term planning of the fishery is necessary. The conservation measures should be evolved and gan fishing, dynamiting or any other kind of distructive fishing should be prohibited. This area has natural potential to become a sports fishing centre in the future and a great attraction for tourists and anglers.

East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organization Annual Report 1967

Throughout the year the Fisheries Departments of Tanzania and Uganda continued to forward to EAFFRO data on the commercial fisheries of the lake. Regular records of commercial fishing activity In Kenya waters have not been received, appropriate information has been made available on request from the Chief Fisheries Officer. None of the research staff at EAFFRO have been assigned to a detail ed survey of the statistica1 data available, although severa1 research officers have taken the opportunity of analysing the data appropriate to their own research programmes. As recorded in the last Annual Report, an important feature of the UNDP Lake Victoria Fisheries Research Project will be to undertake the relevant statistical surveys essential to the proper.

East African Inland Fisheries Research Organization Annual Report for the year 1948

Introduction The laboratory at Jinja is being developed as a centre for hydro-biological research in East Africa, It has been built and is at present wholly financed from a grant from the Central Research allocation of the Colonial Development Fund. The building contains six laboratories in addition to a library, common room and general office. A maximum number of ten research workers could be given laboratory accommodation. However, shortage of living accommodation will limit the numbers who can work here for the next year or two.

East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organization Director's report 1976

The Annual report covers Research work of the Organization carried out during the period 1975. Its explains the following research work: Haplochromis Studies, Electrophoresis,The Ecology of Haplochromis in the northern waters of Lake Victoria Limnology, Aquatic Pollution and Biochemical Studies The Biology of Synodontis in Lake Victoria Riverine Fisheries, Inshore Fishery of the Kenyan-Waters of Lake Victoria Biostatistics, the Inshore Fisheries of the Western part of Lake Victoria, The Offshore Fisheries of Kenyan Waters of Lake Victoria Lake Mobutu Sese Seko: Stock Assessment and Ecological Studies Fishery Economics, The Biology of Bagrus docmac in Lake Victoria Fishery Resource Surveys of Lake Wamala and Kijanebalola

A report on the fisheries of Uganda investigated by the Cambridge Expedition to the East African Lakes, 1930-31

There was very little previous information to use as a basis for work on Lakes Edward and George, but fortunately the region had been mapped in some detail by the Uganda-Congo Boundary Commission of 1906-08. This map served as a satisfactory foundation, but the western Congo shoreline of Lake Edward was inserted only by a dotted line, and a number of inaccuracies, particularly with regard to the islands and littoral of L. George, came to light during our survey.

Some remarks on the colour patterns of east African freshwater crabs

Very few accounts of African potamonids refer to natural colouration, and the author cannot recall any describing colour patterns. The generally undistinguished appearance of these crabs is well illustrated by Rathbun (1921) on the Congo Brachyura which includes collector's notes on a number of potamonid species. This article is based on remarks extracted from a communication sent to Dr. C. H. Fernando in connection with the article "Colour patterns in Ceylonese freshwater crabs (Patomonidae)", Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Station, Ceylon, v. 21.1(1970), pp. 1-4.

The history and research results of the East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organization from 1946 - 1966.

Continuous research on the freshwater fisheries industry in East Africa, in common with most other African countries, did not commence until the end of the Second World War in 1945. Before the war some work on the fishes and hydrobiology of the lakes of East Africa had been undertaken by a series of scientific expeditions, which were sent out from Europe, between the years 1896 and 1939. These expeditions usually lasted for only a few months, and the collected data were published by young graduates and undergraduates, including such people as Mr. L. C. Beadle, (lately Professor Beadle of Makerere), Mr. V. E. Fuchs (now Sir Vivian Fuchs) and Mr. E. B. Worthington of Gonville and Caius College,Cambridge. Later. Dr. Worthington became Scientific Secretary to the Scientific Council for Africa, Scientific Secretary to the East African High Commission, and played a very large part in the furtherance of fisheries research and management in East Africa.

Annual Report of the East African Agricultural and Fisheries Research Council, 1961

In June, 1961, discussions were held in London to consider the future of the East Africa High Commission Services. It was agreed that the functions of the East Africa High Commission, with the exception of Defence, should be transfered to the East African Common Services Organization, which was subsequently established on 9th December, 1961, on the achievement of independence by Tanganyika. The Common Services Organization is controlled by an Authority, consisting of the principal elected Minister in each of the East African territories, which is responsible for the overall policy and direction of the Organization. The Authority is assisted by four Ministerial Committees, of which one is responsible for the Social and Research Services of the Organization

East African Inland Fisheries Research Organization Annual Report for year ended 31st December 1949

The present work is now concentrated mainly on the Tilapia fishery. As a result of past experience it is easier to direct efforts in a way likely to give useful results. Work on the Tilapia is now beyond the purely exploratory stage and these fishing experiments are being carried but in areas which are known to contain large numbers of Tilapia. Nets of different mesh size are being used in order to catch all stages of these fish. These nets are being fished at the surface and at the bottom, close to the shore and further out. The data collected should provide more precise information regarding the periodic migration, both vertical and horizontal, of these fish, a better understanding of their life history and breeding habits, and indicate' the potential possibilities of this fishery. These data should explain the variation in numbers of fish caught by Africans during different months of the year; they should also make it possible to determine more exactly the best type of net for use in this particular fishery.

East African Fisheries Research Organization Annual Report 1953

The Annual report covers research carried out during the reporting period 1953 and contains the following Hydrology , Algology , Swamps, Snails and snail-eating Haplochromis, Tilapia Haplochromis, Mormyrus, Protopterus , Fish Physiology and list of Publications by members of E.A.F.R.O.

East African Fisheries Research Organization Annual Report 1955/1956

This report covers the period 1st July, 1955, to 30th June, 1956. As printing has been delayed for various reasons, reference should be made to certain important proposals put forward since the 30th June. Just after the close of the year a meeting of the Lake Victoria Fisheries Board was held at Entebbe on 26th July. At this meeting disagreement arose between the representatives of the three East African Governments on the subject of whether or not existing restrictions on fishing in Lake Victoria should be retained. This organization holds strongly to the view that the existing restrictions on fishing should be retained, Kenya holds similar views, but Uganda and Tanganyika were in favour of a proposal to lift these restrictions. This question was discussed a month earlier by the Director with the Colonial Office Fisheries Advisory Committee and they also advised the Lake Victoria Fisheries Board against lifting the restrictions.