Perfil ontogenético da captação basal de glutamato em fatias de estruturas cerebrais de ratos e avaliação de sua sensibilidade à guanosina

O glutamato, quando em altas concentrações na fenda sináptica, é excitotóxico, podendo levar à morte celular devido à hiper-estimulação de seus receptores. Seu efeito neurotóxico tem sido relacionado a várias doenças agudas e crônicas do SNC, tais como isquemia, epilepsia, Alzheimer e Parkinson. A manutenção dos níveis de glutamato abaixo de seus níveis excitotóxicos é realizada através de um mecanismo de transporte de alta afinidade dependente de sódio. Os principais transportadores de glutamato, GLAST e GLT-1, estão presentes nos astrócitos. Alguns estudos demonstram que a captação de glutamato parece variar de acordo com o período de desenvolvimento e envelhecimento; entretanto, poucos estudos avaliam este parâmetro em animais imaturos, maduros e velhos utilizando uma única metodologia. Neste trabalho, nós traçamos um perfil ontogenético da captação de glutamato in vitro, durante o desenvolvimento e envelhecimento, usando fatias de estriado, hipocampo e córtex de ratos com 10, 21 e 60 dias, 15 e 26 meses. Também analisamos se a captação de glutamato era sensível à presença de guanosina. Em todas as estruturas a captação de glutamato foi maior em animais jovens decaindo então, até ratos velhos (15 meses) em estriado e hipocampo ou ratos adultos jovens (60 dias) em córtex. Em estriado e hipocampo observamos um aumento parcial e total, respectivamente, na captação em ratos muito velhos (26 meses). O efeito da guanosina parece ser idade e estrutura dependentes, visto que a mesma aumentou a captação basal de glutamato somente em fatias de córtex de ratos de 10 dias. A diminuição da captação de glutamato observada em animais com 15 meses em estriado e hipocampo pode estar relacionada às diversas desordens neurodegenerativas que ocorrem em idosos, e a recuperação deste parâmetro em ratos muito velhos (26 II meses), tanto parcial como total, parece ser um mecanismo de adaptação compensatório que pode estar ocorrendo durante o processo de envelhecimento.

Protocolo de tecnologia: selecao para resistencia a doencas em hortalicas. 1. Etapas para selecao de fontes de resistencia a doencas.

1999

Protocolo de tecnologia: selecao para resistencia a doencas em hortalicas. 2. Tomateiro - Mancha-de-estenfilio (Stemphylium spp.).

1999

Protocolo de tecnologia: selecao para resistencia a doencas em hortalicas. 3. Tomateiro - Murcha-de-fusario (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici).

1999

Protocolo de tecnologia: selecao para resistencia a doencas em hortalicas. 4. Tomateiro - Murcha-de-verticilio (Verticillium dahliae e V. albo-atrum).

1999

Protocolo de tecnologia: selecao para resistencia a doencas em hortalicas. 5. Tomateiro - Pinta-preta (Alternaria solani).

1999

Protocolo de tecnologia: selecao para resistencia a doencas em hortalicas. 6. Tomateiro - Septoriose (Septoria lycopersici).

1999

Inoculacao de bacterias endofiticas em milho para o controle de doencas fungicas.

2001

Doencas da bananeira no Estado do Amazonas.

Informacoes sobre doencas, foliares, vasculares e abiotica, da bananeira no Estado do Amazonas, e seu controle.

Abuso sexual, transtornos mentais e doencas fisicas

Objective: to review and describe the different organic and psychic consequences of sexual abuse. Methodology: 71 papers were sorted in a ten-year literature search (1987-1997) in MedLine and Lilacs (South American Literature Index), besides 14 books in the subject. Results: sexual abuse is much less frequent (or less reported) in Brazil: 7% of the population, while in the USA the prevalence is 12.9% to 28% of women and 2% to 9% of men. Results showed women being more frequently sexually abused but less differences in physical abuse were found between genders. There was a significant association between sexual abuse and the following: eating disorders, depression, irritable bowel, chronic pain (mainly pelvic), neurological, rheumatic and venereal disorders. This association was not observed in chronic constipation, Chron disease and dissociative disorders. Conclusions: although it is important to think of sexual/physical abuse as a predisposing factor to several illnesses, caution is necessary specially in cultures with different moral and ethical values. Research in this subject in Brazil should be conducted with patients in treatment, using control groups, in order to take advantage of the existing rapport. It would be also quite important to separate acute and chronic abuse effects, as well as getting to know the meaning of the experienced abuse to each person.

El ejercicio físico y su prescripción en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas degenerativas

Chronic degenerative diseases constitute one of the main causes of death at a global level, and their significant increase has alerted many countries, which are taking measures to reduce risk factors, some of which are modifiable; being the regular exercise a means of prevention and rehabilitation of these diseases. The objective of this revision is to analyze the necessary parameters to take into account for the prescription of an exercise program in patients with obesity, high blood pressure dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus type 2.

Influência das alterações degenerativas endometriais e da idade hemodinâmica do trato reprodutivo de éguas após a inseminação artificial e durante as fases iniciais do desenvolvimento embrionário

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Frequência de ocorrência de doenças crônico-degenerativas em adultos com mais de 50 anos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Características bioativas, funcionais e efeito protetor do resíduo desidratado de camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia H.B.K. (McVaugh)) sobre doenças degenerativas utilizando modelos in vivo C. elegans

Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia H.B.K. (McVaugh)) is a native Amazon fruit, recognized worldwide as one of the main natural sources of ascorbic acid. Due to its great acidity, this fruit is generally consumed after processing into juice or as ingredient in food preparations. As a co-product of the camu-camu processing, a significant amount of agroindustrial residue is generated. Despite the studies showing the bioactive value and biological potential of the fruit, few studies have approached the possible processing techniques, transformation and preservation of camu-camu fruits and its agroindustrial pomace. Therefore, the present work has the objective of evaluating two different drying processes applied to camu-camu pomace (peel and seeds with residual pulp), freeze drying and hot air drying, in order to obtain a functional fruit product. This thesis was divided into three stages: the first one shows the studies related to the freeze drying and hot air drying, where we demonstrated the impact of the selected drying techniques on the bioactive components of camu-camu, taking the fresh pomace as the control group. Among the investigated conditions, the groups obtained at 50ºC and 4 m/s (SC50) and 80ºC and 6 m/s (SC80) were selected as for further studies, based on their ascorbic acid final content and Folin-Ciocalteau reducing capacity. In addition to SC50 and SC80, the fresh pomace (RF) and freeze dried (RL) samples were also evaluated in these further stages of the research. Overall, the results show higher bioactive concentration in the RF samples, followed by RL, SC50 and SC80. On the second step of the research, the antioxidant, antimicrobial and antienzymatic activities were evaluated and the same tendency was observed. It was also reported, for the first time in the literature, the presence of syringic acid in dried camu-camu pomace. In the third and final stage of the research, it was investigated the effect of dried camu-camu on aging and neuroprotective disorders, using the in vivo model C.elegans. It was observed that camu-camu extracts were able to modulate important signaling genes relevant to thermal and oxidative stresses (p < 0.05). The polar acid, polar basic and polar neutral fractions obtained from the low molecular extracts of SC50 were able to extend the lifespan of wild type N2 C. elegans in 20% and 13% (p < 0.001). Results also showed that the paralysis induced by the β1-42 amyloid was significantly (p < 0.0001) retarded in CL4176 worms. Similarly, the camu-camu extracts attenuated the dopaminergic induction associated to Parkinson’s disease. Finally, a global analysis of the data presented here reveal that the camu-camu pomace, a co-product obtained from the industrial processing of a native Brazilian fruit, is a relevant natural source of health relevant compounds. This thesis, shows for the first time, the multifunctionality of camu-camu pomace, a natural resource still underexploited for scientific, commercial and technological purposes.

Perfil sociodemográfico dos idosos nas capitais do Nordeste e a mortalidade por doenças crônico-degenerativas desse segmento populacional em Natal (RN)

Population aging is a global demographic trend. This process is a reality that merits attention and importance in recent years, and cause considerable impact in terms of greater demands on the health sector, social security and special care and attention from families and society as a whole. Thus, in the context of addressing the consequences of demographic transition, population aging is characterized as a major challenge for Brazilian society. Therefore, this study was conducted in two main objectives. In the first article, variables of socioeconomic and demographic contexts were employed to identify multidimensional profiles of elderly residents in the Northeast capitals, from specific indicators from the 2010 Census information Therefore, we used the Grade of Membership Method (GoM), whose design profiles admits that an individual belongs to different degrees of relevance to multiple profiles in order to identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with living conditions of the elderly in the Northeastern capitals. The second article examined the possible relationship between mortality from chronic diseases and socio-economic indicators in the elderly population, of the 137 districts in Natal, broken down by ten-year age groups (60 to 69 years, 70-79 years and 80 and over. The microdata from the Mortality Information System (SIM), was used, provided by the Health Secretariat of Christmas, and population information came from the Population Census 2010. The method refers to the Global and Local Index neighborhood logic (LISA) Moran, whose spatial distribution from the choropleth maps allowed us to analyze the mortality of the elderly by neighborhoods, according to socioeconomic and demographic indicators, according to the presence of special significance. In the first article, the results show the identification of three extreme profiles. The Profile 1 which is characterized by median socioeconomic status and contributes 35.5% of elderly residents in the area considered. The profile 2 which brings together seniors with low socioeconomic status characteristics, with a percentage of 24.8% of cases. And the Profile 3 composing elderly with features that reveal better socioeconomic conditions, about 29.7% of the elderly. Overall, the results point to poor living conditions represented by the definition of these profiles, mainly expressed by the results observed in more than half of the northeastern elderly experience a situation of social vulnerability given the large percentage that makes up the Profile 1 and Profile 2, adding 60% of the elderly. In the second article, the results show a higher proportion of elderly concentrated in the neighborhoods of higher socioeconomic status, such as Petrópolis and LagoaSeca. Mortality rates, according to the causes of death and standardized by the empirical Bayesian method were distributed locally as follows: Neoplasms (Reis Santos, New Discovery, New Town, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Hypertensive diseases (Blue Lagoon, Potengi, Redinha, Reis Santos, Riverside, Lagoa Nova, Grass Soft, Neópolis and Ponta Negra); Acute Myocardial Infarction (Northeast, Guarapes and grass Soft); Cerebrovascular diseases (Petrópolis and Mother Luiza); Pneumonia (Ribeira, Praia do Meio, New Discovery, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Chronic Diseases of the Lower Way Airlines (Igapó, Northeast and Thursdays). The present findings at work may contribute to other studies on the subject and development of specific policies for the elderly.