995 resultados para Diversidade agrícola


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Maintenance of agricultural diversity in rural settlements – a case study in Moji-Mirim, São Paulo, Brazil. This paper investigated whether farmers, when established in rural settlements, keep some traditional features with regard to crops diversity and circulation of planting material. Its aims were to make an ethnobotanical survey of species and varieties and analyze the dinamics of seeds and propagules circulation. A total of 139 varieties of food crops (55 species/28 families) were found, being 87% of them intended for self-consumption; 54% of varieties come from Minas Gerais, home state of most respondents. The number of varieties grown per household ranged from 17 to 54. The informal and free circulation of planting material is the most important way of acquisition. The circulation network is very active, showing a potential for the management of crops diversity, with emphasis on the contribution of settlers to the maintenance and valorization of traditional varieties.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Since the beginning of the National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel in Brazil, in 2004, different raw materials were evaluated for biodiesel production, trying to combine the agricultural diversity of the country to the desire to reduce production coasts. To determine the chemical composition of biodiesel produced from common vegetables oils, international methods have been used widely in Brazil. However, for analyzing biodiesel samples produced from some alternative raw materials analytical problems have been detected. That was the case of biodiesel from castor oil. Due the need to overcome these problems, new methodologies were developed using different chromatographic columns, standards and quantitative methods. The priority was simplifying the equipment configuration, realizing faster analyses, reducing the costs and facilitating the routine of biodiesel research and production laboratories. For quantifying free glycerin, the ethylene glycol was used in instead of 1,2,4-butanetriol, without loss of quality results. The ethylene glycol is a cheaper and easier standard. For methanol analyses the headspace was not used and the cost of the equipment used was lower. A detailed determination of the esters helped the deeper knowledge of the biodiesel composition. The report of the experiments and conclusions of the research that resulted in the development of alternative methods for quality control of the composition of the biodiesel produced in Brazil, a country with considerable variability of species in agriculture, are the goals of this thesis and are reported in the following pages

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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A erosão genética de espécies domesticadas, provocada pelos processos associados a Revolução Verde despertou o interesse mundial pela agrobiodiversidade manejada em sistemas agrícolas de pequena escala onde situam-se agricultores familiares. Propostas de conservação in situ e/ou on farm têm sido elaboradas. No Brasil, a agricultura familiar tem grande importância na produção de alimentos e a mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) é a espécie que se sobressai, sendo a agricultura familiar responsável por 87% da sua produção. O presente estudo teve como objetivos: um levantamento etnobotânico dos cultivos alimentícios de raízes e tubérculos de agricultores familiares do município de Rio Claro, São Paulo; e analisar aspectos sócio-econômicos visando estratégias para a conservação in situ de variedades por eles cultivadas e potencial continuidade das atividades pelas gerações futuras. Foram entrevistados 31 agricultores, em sua maioria homens, usando o método “Bola de neve”, distribuídos entre nove bairros ou distritos rurais da cidade de Rio Claro. As entrevistas realizadas para coleta dos dados foram semi-estruturadas, tanto para dados sócioeconômicos como para os dados sobre as variedades reconhecidas pelos agricultores. As entrevistas foram realizadas nos sítios dos agricultores e suas áreas de cultivo foram visitadas, onde foram feitas coletas botânicas. Os dados foram analisados de forma qualitativa utilizando-se gráficos e tabelas e descrições do estudo de caso. A espécie predominante da amostra foi a mandioca. Os agricultores mostraram possuir fatores positivos que os caracterizam como mantenedores da diversidade agrícola, como o fato de cultivarem etnovariedades de mandioca diversas e terem um sistema de caracterização e reconhecimento delas de base empírica, contudo, estes agricultores perderam, em sua maioria... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Since the beginning of the National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel in Brazil, in 2004, different raw materials were evaluated for biodiesel production, trying to combine the agricultural diversity of the country to the desire to reduce production coasts. To determine the chemical composition of biodiesel produced from common vegetables oils, international methods have been used widely in Brazil. However, for analyzing biodiesel samples produced from some alternative raw materials analytical problems have been detected. That was the case of biodiesel from castor oil. Due the need to overcome these problems, new methodologies were developed using different chromatographic columns, standards and quantitative methods. The priority was simplifying the equipment configuration, realizing faster analyses, reducing the costs and facilitating the routine of biodiesel research and production laboratories. For quantifying free glycerin, the ethylene glycol was used in instead of 1,2,4-butanetriol, without loss of quality results. The ethylene glycol is a cheaper and easier standard. For methanol analyses the headspace was not used and the cost of the equipment used was lower. A detailed determination of the esters helped the deeper knowledge of the biodiesel composition. The report of the experiments and conclusions of the research that resulted in the development of alternative methods for quality control of the composition of the biodiesel produced in Brazil, a country with considerable variability of species in agriculture, are the goals of this thesis and are reported in the following pages

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)