The nervous system: an elementary handbook of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system for the use of students of psychology and neurology,

Mode of access: Internet.

A treatise on the diseases of the nervous system /

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Atlas of the nervous system, including an epitome of the anatomy, pathology, and treatment,

The plates are accompanied by descriptive letter-press on separate leaves. Some of the plates have also outline diagram.

The applied anatomy of the nervous system, being a study of this portion of the human body from a standpoint of its general interest and practical utility,

Mode of access: Internet.

The applied anatomy of the nervous system;

Mode of access: Internet.

The diseases of the nervous system,

Mode of access: Internet.

Diarrhæa and cholera : their origin, proximate cause, and cure, through the agency of the nervous system by means of ice /

Publisher's press listings.

Investigation of the function of the LNX family of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the nervous system

The Lnx1 (Ligand of Numb protein X 1) and Lnx2 genes belong to a family of PDZ domain-containing RING finger domain E3 ubiquitin ligases. mRNA expression for both genes have been reported in early murine central nervous system. However, there have been limited reports with regards to the expression patterns for both the proteins in vivo. Hence, we have attempted to characterize the significance of these proteins in the context of morphology and physiology of the central nervous system. Through our studies, we have attempted to examine closely the expression of these two genes in the murine central nervous system. We have also looked at novel interacting ligands for both proteins. Interacting partners have been examined with particular relevance to possible roles of their interactions with LNX1 and LNX2 in the functioning of the nervous system. Moreover, we have performed loss-of-function studies by way of creation and characterization of knockout mice.

IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF SEROTONIN (5-HT) IN THE NERVOUS-SYSTEM OF THE HYDATID ORGANISM, ECHINOCOCCUS-GRANULOSUS (CESTODA, CYCLOPHYLLIDEA)

The localization and distribution of the serotoninergic components of the nervous system in the hydatid organism, Echinococcus granulosus, were determined by immunocytochemical techniques in conjunction with confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The distribution of serotonin immunoreactivity (IR) paralleled that previously described for cholinesterase activity, although it was more widespread. Nerve cell bodies and nerve fibres immunoreactive for 5-HT were present throughout the central nervous system (CNS), occurring in the paired lateral, posterior lateral and rostellar ganglia, their connecting commissures and nerve rings in the scolex and in the ten longitudinal nerve cords that run posteriorly throughout the body of the worm. A large population of nerve cell bodies was associated with the lateral nerve cords. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), immunoreactive nerve fibres occurred in well-developed nerve plexuses innervating the somatic musculature and the musculature of the rostellum and suckers. The genital atrium and associated reproductive ducts were richly innervated with serotoninergic nerve cell bodies and nerve fibres.

The nervous system of Amphilina foliacea (Platyhelminthes, Amphilinidea). An immunocytochemical, ultrastructural and spectrofluorometrical study

The nervous system of young and adult Amphilina foliacea was studied with immunocytochemical, electron microscopical and spectrofluorometrical methods. The general neuroanatomy is described in detail. New data on the structure and development of the brain were obtained. The 5-HT and GYIRFamide-immunoreactivities occur in separate sets of neurones. The innervation of the reproductive organs is described. The fine structure of 2 types of neurones in the CNS, a sensory neurone, a 'glial' cell type, the neuropile and the synapses are described. The level of 5-HT varies between 0.074 and 0.461 mug/g wet weight. This is the first detailed study of the nervous system of A. foliacea. Earlier data on the structure of the nervous system in A. foliacea published in Russian are introduced into the discussion. The study provides data that can be used when considering the phylogenetic position of Amphilinidea.

The nervous system of Procerodes littoralis (Maricola, Tricladida). An ultrastructural and immunoelectron microscopical study

The ultrastructure of the nervous system of a planarian, Procerodes littoralis, belonging to the taxon Maricola is described for the first time. The study has revealed the presence of two neuronal cell types and a glia-like cell. Immunogold labelling with antibodies to two native flatworm neuropeptides-neuropeptide F and GNFFRFamide-has been localised to one neuronal cell type and associated processes and synapses, thus indicating its peptidergic nature. The ultrastructural features are compared to those of other investigated turbellarian species. The number of features shared by species from the Proseriata, Lecitoepitheliata and Tricladida show that in respect of the nervous system these taxa form a closely related group. (C) 1997 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

Ontogeny of putative GABAergic neurons and their receptors in the nervous system of the crayfish Cherax destructor

Inhibitory neurons exert control the expression of many aspects of behaviour by regulating the effectiveness of excitatory neural function. By comparison with excitatory neural systems, relatively little is known about the development of inhibitory neurons and the influence which these neurons exert on the development of other neural systems. Two issues which relate to the development of inhibitory neurons are of particular interest. First, a paradox arises when inhibitory neurons are considered in terms of modern models of synaptic development which involve activity-dependent mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. Second, there is some evidence that inhibitory neurotransmitters may act in a special trophic manner during the early development of nervous systems. Investigations of these issues would be greatly facilitated in a neural system in which it was possible to experimentally control aspects of the development of individual pre- and postsynaptic cells. The aim of the results presented in this thesis was to characterise the normal development of one such system: the GABAergic inhibitory system of the Australian freshwater crayfish, Cherax destructor. The ontogeny of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA across the embryonic period of 30% to 100% development was investigated using immunohistochemical techniques. GABA-like immunoreactive cells and fibres were first detected in the embryonic brain region. The expression of GABA-like immunoreactivity progressed along a rostro-caudal gradient, with GABA-like immunoreactive cells being detected in the most anterior thoracic ganglia at 45% development and in all ganglia by 65% development. GABA-like immunoreactive fibres were evident in peripheral nerves as early as 55% development and ramified extensively throughout the neuropil of the nervous system by 65% development. By contrast, immunoreactivity to the primary excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, was not detected until 60-65% development. Glutamate-like immunoreactivity at 60-65% development was evident only in the form of punctate staining in the midline of the ventral nerve cord. Cell body staining was observed only at 90% development and was restricted to only a few cells on the periphery of the ventral nerve cord. Radio-labelled ligand binding methods and autoradiography were used to study the expression of putative GABA receptors in the Cherax embryos from 30% to 100% development. Specific binding was evident in the earliest embryos studies at 30% development. There was an initial increase in binding from 30% to 40% development, followed by a dramatic drop to almost zero binding at 50-55% development. This was followed by a gradual increase in binding levels with age, reaching a plateau at 85% development. Preliminary pharmacological evaluation of binding indicated that at least three GABA receptor types were expressed during embryonic development. Methods for culturing, dissociated neural tissues explanted form Cherax embryos at 85% development were established. The success of cultures was demonstrated by neurite extension, and neuronal networks in which neurons appeared to form connections with other neurons and with explanted muscle cells after two days in culture. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that some explanted neurons expressed GABA-like immunoreactivity within two days of explanting. These studies have provided a comprehensive description of the development of GABAergic neurons and their receptors in Cherax destructor embryos. The very early expression of GABA-like immunoreactivity, coupled with the early onset of specific GABA binding, strongly indicates that the GABAergic neurons are functional and able to exert an effect on other cells during much of the period of nervous system development in crayfish embryos. These results support the hypothesis that inhibitory neurons may play an important role as regulators of the overall process of assembly and maturation of the nervous system and provide a substantial basis for future experimental studies in which the specific action of inhibitory neurons on the development of discrete components of the crayfish nervous system may be investigated.

Non-coding RNAs in the nervous system

Increasing evidence suggests that the development and function of the nervous system is heavily dependent on RNA editing and the intricate spatiotemporal expression of a wide repertoire of non-coding RNAs, including micro RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs and longer non-coding RNAs. Non-coding RNAs may provide the key to understanding the multi-tiered links between neural development, nervous system function, and neurological diseases.

Pyridinic analog of the natural product (-)-spectaline as potential adjuvant for the treatment of central nervous system disorders

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)