A incorporação da saúde bucal no programa saúde da família do Rio Grande do Norte: investigando a possibilidade de conversão do modelo assistencial

The Health Family Program (HFP) was founded in the 1990s with the objective of changing the health care model through a restructuring of primary care. Oral health was officially incorporated into HFP mainly through the efforts of dental professionals, and was seen as a way to break from oral health care models based on curative, technical biological and inequity methods. Despite the fast expansion of HFP oral health teams, it is essential to ask if changes are really occurring in the oral health model of municipalities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the incorporation of oral health teams into the Health Family Program by analyzing the factors that may interfere positively or negatively in the implementation of this strategy and consequently in the process of changing oral health care models in the National Health System in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This evaluation involves three dimensions: access, work organization and strategies of planning. For this purpose,19 municipalities, geographically distributed according to Regional Public Health Units (RPHU), were randomly selected. The data collection instruments used were: structured interview of supervisors and dentists, structured observation, documental research and data from national health data banks. It was possible to identify critical points that may be impeding the implementation of oral health into HFP, such as, low incomes, no legal employment contract, difficulty in referring patients for high-complexity procedures, in developing intersectoral actions and program strategies such as epidemiologic diagnosis and evaluation of the new actions. The majority of municipalities showed little or no improvement in oral health care after incorporating the new model into HFP. All of them had failures in most of the aspects mentioned above. Furthermore, these municipalities are similar in other areas, such as low educational levels in children from 7 to 14 years of age, high child mortality rates and wide social inequalities. On the other hand, the five municipalities that had improved oral health, according to the categories analyzed, offered better living conditions to the population, with higher life expectancy, low infant mortality rates, per capita income among the highest in the state as well as high Human Development Index (HDI) means. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that public policies that include aspects beyond the health sector are decisive for a real change in health care models

Use of anaerobic cecal microflora, lactose and acetic acid for the protection of broiler chicks against experimental infection with Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Níveis de maltodextrina na dieta de leitões desmamados aos 21 dias

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Hydrolysis of whey lactose by immobilized β-Galactosidase

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos da inibição prolongada da enzima de conversão da angiotensina sobre as características morfológicas e funcionais da hipertrofia ventricular esquerda em ratos com sobrecarga pressórica persistente

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do lisinopril (L) sobre as taxas de mortes (M), insuficiência cardíaca (ICC), características da remodelação miocárdica, geométrica e funcional do ventrículo esquerdo (VE), em ratos com estenose aórtica supravalvar (EAS). MÉTODOS: Ratos foram submetidos a EAS ou cirurgia simulada (GC:n=10). Randomizados após 6 semanas para receber L (GL:n=30) ou nenhum tratamento (GE:n=73) sendo avaliados 6s e 21s por estudos ecocardiográfico, hemodinâmico e morfológico concomitantes. RESULTADOS: As taxas de M (GE: 53,9% vs GL: 16,7% e ICC GE: 44,8% vs GL: 20% p<0,05). No final do experimento, os valores da pressão sistólica do VE dos grupos GE e GL foram equivalentes e significantemente mais elevados do que no grupo GC; (p<0,05) não diferindo dos observados 6 semanas após os procedimentos cirúrgicos. Os valores da pressão diastólica do VE no grupo GE foram maiores do que os do grupo GL (p<0,05) sendo ambos maiores do que os do grupo GC (4 ± 2 mmHg, p<0,05). O mesmo comportamento foi observado com as variáveis: razão E/A; índice de massa, área seccional dos miócitos e conteúdo de hidroxiprolina do VE. A porcentagem de encurtamento do VE foi semelhante nos grupos GC e GL (p>0,05) sendo ambos maiores que os verificados no grupo GE. Comportamento semelhante foram obtidos com os valores da primeira derivada positiva e negativa da pressão do VE. CONCLUSÃO: em ratos com EAS o L reduziu as taxas de M e ICC e exerceu efeitos benéficos sobre a remodelação e a função do VE.

Hidrelétricas na Amazônia: renovabilidade e não renovabilidade da política energética. Se é desejável a renovabilidade das formas de conversão de energia, por que não é desejável renovar a política energética?

O ensaio tem a intenção de discutir, apresentando como pano de fundo os recentes projetos hidrelétricos propostos e em andamento na Amazônia brasileira, aspectos referentes aos processos de licenciamento ambiental, problemas conceituais que dizem respeito à caracterização da conversão hidrelétrica como energia limpa e renovável. Este trabalho parte da análise de planos governamentais e das discussões sobre projetos hidrelétricos, identificando a necessidade de implementar mudanças institucionais e de fortalecer as leis ambientais e de proteção dos direitos de populações tradicionais e indígenas. Propõe-se uma nova maneira de formular problemas energéticos e de planejar a oferta de energia, que leva em consideração aspectos sustentáveis e patrocinadores da discussão pública, além do entendimento e da incorporação das consequências sobre os grandes ciclos biogeoquímicos que dão suporte às conversões de energia.

Medição de viscosidade de líquidos pelo método de múltiplas reflexões acústicas com conversão de modo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Lactose load enhances the growth of the small intestine in rats

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the controversial issue regarding the small intestinal structural adaptation, in lactose fed rats. Three study groups were used. One experimental fed 60% lactose and two controls in which the lactose was substituted for similar amount of starch. One of them was fed ad libitum and another a limited amount of food to match the body weight of lactose group. The weight, length of the intestine and intestinal mucosal DNA and protein were determined at days 2, 5, 10 and 30 of the experiment. As compared to starch fed ad libitum controls, animals fed 60% lactose diet ate similar amount of food, grew at a slower rate and weighed 16,7% less at the end of the experiment. In contrast to retarded gain in body weight, small intestinal mucosa of these animals contained more DNA (22,5%) and protein (37,5%) than that of controls. These changes were paralleled by increase in length (17%) and weight of the intestine (24,2%). Therefore, the results of the present study confirmed the findings that the small intestine increases in size in response to lactose feeding and that this occurs in the abscense of hyperphagia. It was further demonstrated that this increase was due both to mucosal cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy.

Purification, Characterization, and Preliminary X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of a Lactose-Specific Lectin from Cymbosema roseum Seeds

The unique carbohydrate-binding property of lectins makes them invaluable tools in biomedical research. Here, we report the purification, partial primary structure, carbohydrate affinity characterization, crystallization, and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a lactose-specific lectin from Cymbosema roseum seeds (CRLII). Isolation and purification of CRLII was performed by a single step using a Sepharose-4B-lactose affinity chromatography column. The carbohydrate affinity characterization was carried using assays for hemagglutination activity and inhibition. CRLII showed hemagglutinating activity toward rabbit erythrocytes. O-glycoproteins from mucine mucopolysaccharides showed the most potent inhibition capacity at a minimum concentration of 1.2 A mu g mL(-1). Protein sequencing by mass spectrometry was obtained by the digestion of CRLII with trypsin, Glu-C, and AspN. CRLII partial protein sequence exhibits 46% similarity with the ConA-like alpha chain precursor. Suitable protein crystals were obtained with the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method with 8% ethylene glycol, 0.1 M Tris-HCl pH 8.5, and 11% PEG 8,000. The monoclinic crystals belong to space group P2(1) with unit cell parameters a = 49.4, b = 89.6, and c = 100.8 A....

Estudo da influência dos íons K+, Mg2+, SO4 2- e CO3 2- na cristalização biomimética de fosfato de cálcio amorfo (ACP) e conversão a fosfato octacálcico (OCP)

The crystallization of hydroxyapatite (HA) in aqueous solution can be described by the mechanism ACP → OCP → HA. In this work, it was studied the influence of K+, Mg2+, SO4 2- AND CO3 2- ions in the formation of ACP and in its conversion to OCP, using biomimetic coatings on metallic substrates of commercially pure titanium (Ti c.p.). The results showed that Mg2+ and CO3 2- ions favored both the formation of ACP and its conversion to OCP. Differently, K+ and SO4 2- ions did not influence the formation of ACP and, consequently, interfered in the conversion to OCP.

Influência das propriedades de granulados de lactose nas características físicas dos comprimidos

The compaction behavior of powdered solids used in tablets can be dominated by the physical-chemical properties of the excipients because, frequently, they are present in much larger amounts than the drug in tablet formulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the size of lactose granules on the physical characteristics of tablets produced in punches of various diameters, since this relation has not been explored in the literature. Granules were produced in several sizes by wet granulation and compressed in punches of different diameters by applying different forces. Size distribution, apparent density and flow of granules were evaluated, as well as the physical characteristics of the tablets (weight, friability, hardness and disintegration time). The results indicate that in situations where excipient characteristics predominate due to low drug content, as in the 7 mm punch, the selection of granule size is important for the mechanical strength of tablet. On the other hand, with the 9, 11 and 13mm punches, it was possible to produce strong tablet from all sizes of granules.

Emissão de CO2 do solo associado à calagem em área de conversão de laranja para cana-de-açúcar

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Estudo da bioconversão da lactose do soro de leite em bioetanol pela evedura Kluyveromyces marxianus 229

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE