932 resultados para Climatologia geográfica
Teoria e método da climatologia geográfica brasileira: uma abordagem sobre seus discursos e práticas
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT
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Esta dissertação investiga relações entre elementos climáticos e informações de saúde no Rio Grande do Sul no período de 1984–2000. Basicamente estuda-se a associação entre temperatura sensível (lida no termômetro de bulbo úmido) e os óbitos por doenças do aparelho respiratório. O trabalho é complementado por uma reflexão mais ampla sobre a abordagem climatológica no âmbito da Geografia. Após a introdução de conceitos básicos usados na dissertação (Clima, Espaço Geográfico e Climatologia Geográfica), segue-se discussão crítica sobre o uso de médias na caracterização do clima sul-rio-grandense. As médias mensais de temperatura sensível do período 1984–2000 são usadas para explorar relações de causalidade com os óbitos totais em Porto Alegre. Os números de horas de frio para junho, julho e agosto (i.e., o inverno) ao longo desses 17 anos também foram usados para estudar as relações de causalidade com os óbitos por grupo de 100.000 habitantes nos municípios de Porto Alegre, Santa Maria, Passo Fundo e Bagé nos mesmos meses. Por fim, aborda-se a função ativa do espaço no dimensionamento da relação entre essas variáveis. Na associação das médias mensais de temperatura sensível com os óbitos totais existe uma relação sazonal, mas que não é confirmada por uma correlação entre o número de horas de frio com os óbitos por grupo de 100.000 habitantes. A correlação entre estas variáveis é ausente ou fraca na maioria das cidades estuda-das para o período de inverno. Exceção é o mês de junho em Porto Alegre (r = 0,58) e o mês de agosto para Santa Maria (com correlação negativa moderada, r = -0,45, ainda não explicada). Em suma, com exceção parcial de Porto Alegre, as variações de temperatura sensível não explicam as taxas de óbitos por doenças respiratórias nas cidades investigadas. Outras causas, provavelmente relacionadas à qualidade de vida da população local, devem ser investigadas.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT
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The intensive development in the urbanization process implied a series of economic, social, and gradually, environmental transformations, essentially, since its intensification, which took place from the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America. In Latin American countries, including Brazil, there was such acceleration in urban sprawl, only in the middle of the twentieth century, fomented by a peculiar industrialization, coming from the scientific-technical revolution, which occurred in developing countries. In this context, and with a lack of planning and an effective organization, cities of the dependent countries face an inordinate population growth and an unprecedented industrial swelling. Brazil, following this trend, presents several issues regarding the gaps in the provision of necessary infrastructure to meet the most basic needs of its population and the intense activity and anthropogenic effects on the environment. In this sense, environmental problems, related to air and water pollution, degradation and contamination of soil, paving roads, reduction of green areas, urban heat island, among others, reaching ever deeper into the Brazilian urban areas. It is important the analysis in this final project, the weather events related to episodes of strong winds and the events and the impacts to the population of Rio Claro (SP) in the period 2005 to 2010, basing themselves in Geographical Climatology and Urban climate studies. In this scenario, we found the prevalence of occurrences linked to falling trees in the study area, connected, at the same time, to the occurrence and to the absence of episodes of extreme events, with measurements of strong winds, showing a connection between the events and external facts to episodes of winds
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The Urbanization is a notable process in our society, being part of it since around 3500 BC in Mesopotamia, currently Iraq area. Since the Industrial Revolution, cities had a significant increase in their growth and began to concentrate increasingly labor and capital. Brazil, despite having had a late industrialization, also had a high population growth in cities, especially in the XVIII century, which were not provided with any kind of planning that targets the ordering and implementation of the urban essential apparatus. Therefore, Brazilian cities started to exhibit countless structural and environmental problems. Associated with inadequate infrastructure, the modifications in the urban atmosphere, like increased heat, air pollution and increased rainfall and storm frequency, cause different types of impacts in cities. Among the most worrisome are those from the intense rain, which cause human and material damage. The city of Rio Claro (SP) can be considered an example of this reality. Thereby, the objective of this study was to analyze the impacts on the population originated from rainfall in the urban area during the period 2005-2010, by the mapping of events and analysis of the active atmospheric systems. The information of the events were collected in the Fire Department and the Press and the synoptic maps were obtained in the library of INPE, in Cachoeira Paulista (SP) and in the site of the Navy of Brazil. The data showed that among 247 occurrences, during the six years, 233 occurred in the spring-summer period. Moreover, after finalizing the maps, it was found the locations considered critical regarding the frequency of occurrences, as: Visconde do Rio Claro Avenue and central area of the city, both with a total of 23 occurrences; Jardim Inocoop, with 20; Tancredo Neves Avenue, with 12 and Vila Paulista, with 10 occurrences. Through the graphs, it was found that the most recurrent atmospheric system, during the studied period, is...
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The present study sought to develop a methodology to analyze the water quality based on concepts and methods of climate and climatology respectively. In this way, it was tried to relate techniques and methodologies hydro and limno-meteorological with a rhythmic analysis technique developed within the Brazilian geographical climatology to assess and analyze the blooms of cyanobacteria, the main index of water quality found in reservoirs of “Alto Tietê” Basin and consequently the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, an area of high environmental complexity due to its high degree of development and high population density. The meteorological data used to develop the study were collected from the meteorological station of the IAG / USP and the limnological data were collected from the Hydrological Monitoring System implemented by SABESP in Billings and Guarapiranga reservoirs as well as data laboratory of the same entity. The results obtained by the rhythmic and integrated analyze showed that the process of blooms of cyanobacteria is dependent not only on one specific factor, but a combination of meteorological factors that may disrupt the stability of reservoir and which can, during the stabilization process, provides the necessary conditions to the development of cyanobacteria. It was also shown by the results that the pace of Atlantic Polar Front Entrance during the winter in São Paulo, is a limiting factor to the growth of cyanobacteria due to their high frequency, keeping the reservoir balance throughout the period. Furthermore, another importance of this study is the possibility of prevention and forecasting periods which are inappropriate for the use of these reservoirs mainly for recreational activities
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)