Deciphering tissue-induced Klebsiella pneumoniae lipid A structure

The host launches an antimicrobial defense program upon infection. A long-held belief is that pathogens prevent host recognition by remodeling their surface in response to different host microenvironments. Yet direct evidence that this happens in vivo is lacking. Here we report that the pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae modifies one of its surface molecules, the lipopolysaccharide, in the lungs of mice to evade immune surveillance. These in vivo-induced changes are lost in bacteria grown after isolation from the tissues. These lipopolysaccharide modifications contribute to survival in vivo and mediate resistance to colistin, one of the last options to treat multidrug-resistant Klebsiella. This work opens the possibility of designing novel therapeutics targeting the enzymes responsible for the in vivo lipid A pattern.

Uma abordagem de matabolómica no estudo comparativo do metabolismo de glucose e galactose no patogénico humano Streptococcus pneumoniae

Dissertação mest., Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 2010

Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae–bacteriophage combination from the caecal effluent of a healthy woman

A recent study characterizing bacteriophage populations within human caecal effluent demonstrated the presence of numerous Podoviridae, Siphoviridae and Myoviridae within this material (Hoyles et al., 2014, Res Microbiol 165, 803–812). Further to this work, anaerobic bacteria were isolated on fastidious anaerobe agar from the caecal effluent of a healthy 31-year-old woman. Ten colonies were selected at random, streaked to purity and screened against the remaining caecal effluent (filter-sterilized, 0.45 μm pore size) in an attempt to isolate lytic bacteriophages. Bacteriophages within the effluent [2×105 ± 2.65×103 (n=3) pfu/ml] were active against five of the isolates, all identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Klebsiella pneumoniae. One of the five isolates, L4-FAA5, was characterized further and found to be K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae capsule type K2 rmpA+, and was used to propagate a bacteriophage (which we named KLPN1) to purity. Bacteriophage KLPN1 was a member of the Siphoviridae with a rosette-like tail tip and exhibited depolymerase activity, demonstrated by the formation of plaque-surrounding haloes that increased in size over the course of incubation. When screened against a panel of 21 clinical strains representing unknown K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae capsule types and types K1, K2, K5, K20, K54 and K57, KLPN1 infected only K2 strains, but did not exhibit depolymerase activity against these. Whole-genome sequence analysis of KLPN1 showed the bacteriophage to have a genome of 49,037 bp (50.53 GC mol%) comprising 73 predicted ORFs, of which 22 encoded genes associated with structure, host recognition, packaging, DNA replication and cell lysis. The host recognition-associated gene was a potential depolymerase. This is the first report of the isolation of a bacterium–bacteriophage combination from the human caecum, and only the third member of the Siphoviridae known to infect K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae.

Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae–bacteriophage combination from the caecal effluent of a healthy woman

A sample of caecal effluent was obtained from a female patient who had undergone a routine colonoscopic examination. Bacteria were isolated anaerobically from the sample, and screened against the remaining filtered caecal effluent in an attempt to isolate bacteriophages (phages). A lytic phage, named KLPN1, was isolated on a strain identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (capsular type K2, rmpA+). This Siphoviridae phage presents a rosette-like tail tip and exhibits depolymerase activity, as demonstrated by the formation of plaque-surrounding haloes that increased in size over the course of incubation. When screened against a panel of clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, phage KLPN1 was shown to infect and lyse capsular type K2 strains, though it did not exhibit depolymerase activity on such hosts. The genome of KLPN1 was determined to be 49,037 bp (50.53 %GC) in length, encompassing 73 predicted ORFs, of which 23 represented genes associated with structure, host recognition, packaging, DNA replication and cell lysis. On the basis of sequence analyses, phages KLPN1 (GenBank: KR262148) and 1513 (a member of the family Siphoviridae, GenBank: KP658157) were found to be two new members of the genus “Kp36likevirus”.

Epidemiological studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in the post-vaccination era among two risk groups: children and the elderly

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D. degree in Biology/ Molecular Biology

Studies of the assembly of the Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology.

Análisis de algunas características físicas y químicas de un biopolímero producido por Klebsiella pneumoniae en un proceso de fermentación simple

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ingeniería Cerámica) U.A.N.L.

Aislamiento y caracterización de compuestos de plantas del noreste de México con actividad contra cepas de Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus y Haemophilus influenzae

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias con Especialidad en Química Biomédica) UANL

Resistencia - susceptibilidad de Streptococcus pneumoniae : serotipificación y análisis molecular

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias con Especialidad en Microbiología Médica) UANL, 2005

Factores de riesgo para bacteremia por Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de blee en una unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal en Bogotá 2004-2005

El incremento en la prevalencia de infecciones intrahospitalarias causadas por especies de Klebsiella spp. productora de ß-lactamasa de espectro extendido (BLEE) se ha incrementado en la población hospitalizada constituyendo un problema de salud pública, aunque datos locales en infantes y neonatos es limitada. El objetivo de este estudio fue definir los factores de riesgo asociados a la presencia de bacteremia por Klebsiella pneumoniae BLEE en neonatos que ingresan a la unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal. Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en una UCIN de Bogotá (Colombia) de Enero de 2004 a Diciembre de 2005. Fueron definidos como caso los neonatos con diagnóstico de bacteremia por Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de BLEE nosocomial, y como controles a los neonatos admitidos en el mismo periodo de tiempo sin bacteremia por éste microorganismo. Un total de 72 neonatos fueron analizados (24 casos y 48 controles) encontrando en el análisis multivariado una asociación significativa con la exposición previa a antibióticos (OR: 12.85; IC 95%: 1.08–91.6; p<0.001) y con el uso de ventilación mecánica (OR: 40.2; IC 95%: 5.67–285.94; p<0.001). Resultados que presentan concordancia con otros estudios publicados. En conclusión la ventilación mecánica y el uso previo de de antibióticos se relacionan con la presencia de bacteremia nosocomial por Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de BLEE en neonatos. Esta relación debe ser confirmada con estudios de mayor nivel de evidencia.

Factores de riesgo para infecciòn o colonizacion por Klebsiella pneumoniae resistente a carbapenemicos en un Hospital Universitario de Tercer Nivel en Bogota. 2009-2010

Introducción: La prevalencia de infecciones intrahospitalarias por Klebsiella pneumoniae resistente a carbapenémicos, se ha incrementado en la población hospitalizada constituyendo un problema de gran magnitud por su alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a infección o colonización por Klebsiella pneumoniae resistente a carbapenémicos en pacientes hospitalizados. Metodología: Estudio de casos y controles pareado por tipo de muestra microbiológica de enero 2009 a Abril 2011. Casos: pacientes con diagnóstico de infección o colonización por Klebsiella pneumoniae resistente a carbapenémicos. Controles: pacientes hospitalizados en el mismo periodo de los casos con infección o colonización por Klebsiella pneumoniae sensible a carbapenémicos. Muestra 99 pacientes. 33 casos y 66 controles. Resultados: Se confirmó la presencia de un brote de infección por Klebsiella pneumoniae resistente a carbapenémicos tipo KPC3, el análisis bivariado demostró factores de riesgo asociados: El uso previo de antibióticos (p 0.004), particularmente cefepime (p 0.021) y carbapenem (p 0.019) , los dìas de ventilación mecánica (p 0.003), los días de uso de catéter central (p 0.016), los días de estancia en UCI antes del aislamiento (p 0.003) y el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria total antes del aislamiento (p 0.001), el análisis multivariado se encontró una asociación significativa en el número de días de uso previo de carbapenémicos OR de 2.08 (IC 1.03 – 4.17) (p 0.04) . La mortalidad atribuible fue del 25%. Conclusión: Los días de uso previo de carbapenémicos se relacionan con la infección o colonización por Klebsiella pneumoniae resistente a carbapenémicos.

Genotyping Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from hepatic abscesses in three patients from Bogota, Colombia

Pyogenic liver abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae represents an ever increasing entity which has mainly been described as occurring in Asia, even though, on a smaller scale, cases are being more frequently described from the USA and Europe, 13% overall mortality being reached worldwide. Affected patients are severely sick, suffering from fever, sweating, having increased acute phase reactants and risk factors such as Diabetes Mellitus, alcoholism and the inherent characteristics of the bacteria causing the disease. Objective: in this work we used a Multilocus Sequencing Typing (MLST), a nucleotide sequence-based method in order to characterize the genetic relationships among bacterial isolates. Materials and methods: the report is focused on three cases involving patients suffering from pyogenic liver abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in two hospitals in Bogota, Colombia, where phenotyping and hypermucoviscosity studies were carried out, as well as the genotyping of cultured Klebsiella isolates. Reults: it was found that the isolated microorganism in cases I and II corresponded to the same K. pneumoniae strain, having 100% sequence identity for the 5 genes being studied while the strain in Case III was genotypically different. Conclusion: it is important to carry out multidisciplinary studies allowing all pyogenic liver abscess cases reported in Colombia to be complied to ascertain the frequency of microorganisms causing this pathology in our country, as well as a genotyping study of different K. pneumoniae strains to compare them and confirm clonal and pathogenicity relationships through housekeeping gene analysis.

Prevalencia de betalactamasas de espectro extendido en Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Klebsiella oxytoca del Hospital Occidente de Kennedy. Nivel III, Bogotá

El objetivo es calcular la prevalencia para Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Klebsiella oxytoca, productoras de betalactamasas espectro extendido, en el Hospital Occidente de Kennedy Nivel III, de Bogotá. Metodología: se analizaron en el Hospital Occidente de Kennedy, durante el período comprendido entre el 20 de noviembre de 2002 y el 30 septiembre de 2003, 3.574 cultivos, en los cuales se identificaron 897 cepas de Kepsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca y Escherichia coli, mediante paneles de microdilución del sistema de MicroScan Dried Gram Negative, como prueba de cribado para la identificación de germen y susceptibilidad a betalactamasas de espectro extendido. Luego se realizó una prueba confirmatoria con paneles de sistema MicroScan Dried ESBL Confirmation, recomendada para su uso por el National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS), al evaluar la concentración inhibitoria mínima para ceftazidima y cefotaxima solos y en combinación con ácido clavulánico. Resultados: los resultados mostraron una prevalencia combinada de gérmenes productores betalactamasas igual a 18,6% (intervalo de confianza del 95%: 16,2%-21,4%). La prevalencia para Escherichia coli fue de 9,5%; para Klebsiella pneumoniae, de 43,5%, y para Klebsiella oxytoca, de 10,3%. Los índices de resistencia bacteriana más altos correspondieron a ceftriaxona y ceftazidima. Conclusión: el estudio demuestra una alta prevalencia de betalactamasas de espectro extendido en gérmenes gramnegativos, probablemente por el uso excesivo de antibióticos betalactámicos de amplio espectro. Además, se destaca la importancia de la detección con pruebas de susceptibilidad y confirmación, como apoyo para la instauración de medidas de control y de vigilancia epidemiológica, con el fin de reducir índices de resistencia bacteriana emergente.

Sequence analysis of a CTX-M-1 IncI1 plasmid found in Salmonella enterica 4,5,12,i:-, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae on a single UK pig farm

OBJECTIVES: In 2009, CTX-M Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella isolates were recovered from a UK pig farm, prompting studies into the dissemination of the resistance and to establish any relationships between the isolates. METHODS: PFGE was used to elucidate clonal relationships between isolates whilst plasmid profiling, restriction analysis, sequencing and PCR were used to characterize the CTX-M-harbouring plasmids. RESULTS: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella 4,5,12:i:- and Bovismorbificans resistant to cefotaxime (n = 65) were recovered and 63 were shown by PCR to harbour a group 1 CTX-M gene. The harbouring hosts were diverse, but the group 1 CTX-M plasmids were common. Three sequenced CTX-M plasmids from E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica serotype 4,5,12:i:- were identical except for seven mutations and highly similar to IncI1 plasmid ColIb-P9. Two antimicrobial resistance regions were identified: one inserted upstream of yacABC harbouring ISCR2 transposases, sul2 and floR; and the other inserted within shfB of the pilV shufflon harbouring the ISEcp1 transposase followed by blaCTX-M-1. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that an ST108 IncI1 plasmid encoding a blaCTX-M-1 gene had disseminated across multiple genera on this farm, an example of horizontal gene transfer of the blaCTX-M-1 gene.