HIV-1-related Hodgkin lymphoma in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: incidence and evolution of CD4��� T-cell lymphocytes

The risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is increased in patients infected with HIV-1. We studied the incidence and outcomes of HL, and compared CD4��� T-cell trajectories in HL patients and controls matched for duration of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). A total of 40 168 adult HIV-1-infected patients (median age, 36 years; 70% male; median CD4 cell count, 234 cells/��L) from 16 European cohorts were observed during 159 133 person-years; 78 patients developed HL. The incidence was 49.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 39.3-61.2) per 100,000 person-years, and similar on cART and not on cART (P = .96). The risk of HL declined as the most recent (time-updated) CD4 count increased: the adjusted hazard ratio comparing more than 350 with less than 50 cells/��L was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.08-0.86). Sixty-one HL cases diagnosed on cART were matched to 1652 controls: during the year before diagnosis, cases lost 98 CD4 cells (95% CI, -159 to -36 cells), whereas controls gained 35 cells (95% CI, 24-46 cells; P < .0001). The incidence of HL is not reduced by cART, and patients whose CD4 cell counts decline despite suppression of HIV-1 replication on cART may harbor HL.

A high cell count cascade full bridge converter for wide bandwidth ultrasonic transducer excitation

A nine level modular multilevel cascade converter (MMCC) based on four full bridge cells is shown driving a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer at 71 and 39 kHz, in simulation and experimentally. The modular cells are small stackable PCBs, each with two fully integrated surface mount 22 V, 40 A MOSFET half-bridge converters, and include all control signal and power isolation. In this work, the bridges operate at 12 V and 384 kHz, to deliver a 96 Vpp 9 level waveform with an effective switching frequency of 3 MHz. A 9 pH air cored inductor forms a low pass filter in conjunction with the 3000 pF capacitance of the transducer load. Eight equally phase-displaced naturally sampled pulse width modulation (PWM) drive signals, along with the modulating sinusoid, are generated using phase accumulation techniques in a dedicated FPGA. Experimental time domain and FFT plots of the multilevel and transducer output waveforms are presented and discussed.

Influence of nutrient intake on antioxidant capacity, muscle damage and white blood cell count in female soccer players

11 p.

Effect of long-term exposure to endosulfan on blood cell count in Channa gachua

In the present investigation, live specimens of Channa gachua were exposed to sublethal concentrations, i.e., 0.0017 and 0.00087 ppm of endosulfan for a period of 60 days. After the completion of 60 days, red and white blood corpuscles were counted from control as well as experimental fishes.

Benchmarking and setting intervention targets for key cell count parameters

Herd Companion uses routine milk���recording records to generate twelve���month rolling averages that indicate performance trends. This article looks at Herd Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and four other SCC���related parameters from 252 National Milk Records (NMR) recorded herds to assess how each parameter correlates with the Herd SCC. The analysis provides evidence for the importance of targeting individual cows with high SCC recordings (>200,000 cells/ml and >500,000 cells/ml) and/or individual cows with repeatedly high SCC recordings (chronic high SCC) and/or cows that begin lactation with a high SCC recording (dry period infection) in order to achieve bulk milk Herd SCC below 200,000 cells/ml.

Relationship between the somatic cell count in raw milk and the casein fractions of UHT milk

The relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) in raw milk and casein fractions of 15 batches of the corresponding ultra-high-temperature (UHT) milk was examined. Raw milk was collected, pasteurised and submitted to UHT treatment. Samples of the UHT milk were taken on days 8, 30, 60, 90 and 120 of storage at room temperature and their casein fractions analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. SCC ranged from 197,000 to 800,000 cells/mL. No correlation (p>0.05) was found between SCC and K-casein concentrations in raw or UHT milks. The alpha(s2) and P-casein concentrations in raw milk were negatively correlated with SCC (p<0.05). In UHT milk, negative correlations were observed for a,1-casein (p<0.05) and beta-casein (p<0.05) on the 8th day, and for alpha S-2-casein (p<0.01) on the 60th day of storage. Results indicate that higher SSC in raw milk is associated with substantial degradation of beta-casein and alpha(s)-casein, which may lead to quality defects in UHT milk during storage. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 63, 45-49

Somaticell�� as a screening method for somatic cell count from bovine milk

Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar a correla����o entre a contagem eletr��nica de c��lulas som��ticas (eCCS) com o Somaticell�� sob diferentes n��veis de contagem de c��lulas som��ticas (CCS) do leite e pat��genos causadores de mastites, al��m de calcular a sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos do Somaticell�� utilizando diferentes limites de CCS estabelecidos pelos diferentes pa��ses. Trezentos e quarenta amostras de leite foram coletadas assepticamente ap��s realiza����o do California Mastitis Test (CMT). O Somaticell�� e a eCCS foram realizados em todas as amostras de leite. A correla����o entre o Somaticell�� e a contagem eletr��nica foi determinada de acordo com o CMT, pat��geno isolado e escore de eCCS. de acordo com os escores de CCS estabelecidos, 26,5% das amostras de leite apresentaram escore 1 (69-166 x10��c��lulas mL-1), 26,8% escore 2 (167-418x10��c��lulas mL-1), 27,4% escore 3 (419-760x10��c��lulas mL-1) e 19,4% escore 4 (761 to 1970x10��c��lulas mL-1). A eCCS e o Somaticell�� apresentaram correla����o positiva em quase todos os escores estudados (exceto escore 2 e 3). O valor de r obtido entre CCS e o Somaticell�� foi de 0,32. Observou-se que, quando o limite de CCS estabelecido aumentou, a sensibilidade decresceu e os valores de especificidade aumentaram. Os valores preditivos apresentaram-se constantes em todos os limites. Quando o limite de CCS era baixo (<760,000 c��lulas mL-1), Somaticell�� forneceu resultados consistentemente mais elevados que os valores de CCS. J�� para amostras com CCS elevada, Somaticell�� resultou em menores contagens que a eCCS. A correla����o entre os dois m��todos permaneceu relativamente constante em todas as condi����es e os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade do teste s��o altamente dependentes do limite estabelecido. Os resultados deste trabalho sugerem que o Somaticell�� n��o �� ��til para avaliar a CCS do leite, pois seus resultados s��o significativamente diferentes da eCCS, no entanto, pode ser utilizado como m��todo de triagem, tal como o CMT, para a detec����o do aumento da CCS do leite.

Frequency of Candida spp. in the Oral Cavity of Brazilian HIV-Positive Patients and Correlation with CD4 Cell Counts and Viral Load

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae oral isolates from Brazilian HIV-positive patients. Correlation with CD4 cell counts and viral load

The aim was to evaluate the presence of Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae in the oral cavities of HIV-positive patients. Forty-five individuals diagnosed as HIV-positive by ELISA and Western-blot, and under anti-retroviral therapy for at least 1 year, were included in the study. The control group constituted 45 systemically healthy individuals matched to the HIV patients to gender, age and oral conditions. Oral rinses were collected and isolates were identified by API system. Counts of microorganisms from HIV and control groups were compared statistically by a Mann-Whitney test (alpha = 5%). The percentages of individuals positive for staphylococci were similar between the groups (p = 0.764), whereas for Gram-negative rods, a higher percentage was observed amongst HIV-positive (p = 0.001).There was no difference in Staphylococcus counts between HIV and control groups (p = 0.1008). Counts were lower in the oral cavities of patients with low viral load (p = 0.021), and no difference was observed in relation to CD4 counts (p = 0.929). Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated species in HIV group, and Staphylococcus epidermidis was the prevalent species in the control group. Significantly higher numbers of enteric bacteria and pseudomonas were detected in the oral cavities of the HIV group than in the control (p = 0.0001). Enterobacter cloacae was the most frequently isolated species in both groups. Counts of enteric bacteria and pseudomonas were significantly lower in patients with low CD4 counts (p = 0.011); however, there was no difference relating to viral load. It may be concluded that HIV group showed greater species diversity and a higher prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae/Pseudomonadaceae. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Using Mastitis Records and Somatic Cell Count Data

On-farm records are essential for managing mastitis in dairy herds. Mastitis records are a useful tool for caring for an individual cow, to monitor compliance of farm personnel working with groups of animals, to understand the epidemiology of mastitis in the herd, to ensure responsible drug utilization, and to document accountability in care of the cow. Herds have become larger and more people are involved with individual animal care. This article describes a records plan that can be used to monitor mastitis at the herd level, aid in decision-making processes for individual cows, and improve drug use on dairy herds.

The relationship between dairy cow hygiene and somatic cell count in milk

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Short communication: Resazurin reducing time as an indicator of Bradyrhizobium viable cell count

A method based on the use of resazurin (RSZ) is described to determine the number of viable Bradyrhizobium japonicum cells in culture medium. The observation of RSZ reduction can be done spectrophotometrically or visually. B. japonicum strains behaved differently when the reducing time was considered. This methodology can be used to determine the number of viable cells during the liquid culture stage of inoculant production.