569 resultados para Biopsia hepática


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Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de pesquisar o efeito da energia da dieta sobre a temperatura do cólon e concentração de proteína de choque térmico (Hsp70) de frangos à temperatura ambiente, bem como durante o estresse calórico agudo. Os frangos foram criados até 51 dias de idade e alimentados com dietas contendo nível de energia alto (13.186 kJ EM/kg) ou baixo (12.139 kJ EM/kg). No 21º e 51º dias de idade, a temperatura do cólon foi medida e amostras de fígado foram obtidas para quantificação da Hsp70 através da análise por Western Blotting.. Nessas mesmas idades, a resposta das aves ao estresse calórico agudo (37º C/5 h) foi avaliada (temperatura colón e Hsp70 no fígado). Os resultados mostraram que aos 21 dias de idade, à temperatura ambiente, a temperatura do cólon e a concentração de Hsp70 hepática não foram afetadas pela energia da dieta, mas, aos 51 dias de idade, os frangos alimentados com baixos teores de energia apresentaram menores concentrações de Hsp70 no fígado. As respostas ao estresse calórico agudo mostraram que as aves alimentadas com dietas de alta energia tiveram menor incremento na temperatura do cólon, bem como no conteúdo de Hsp70 hepático. Os resultados desse estudo sugerem que a síntese de Hsp70 no fígado pode ser afetada pela energia da dieta e que frangos alimentados com altos níveis de energia podem ter a termotolerância alterada em condições de estresse agudo pelo calor.

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The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is considered the most important event in hepatic fibrogenesis. The precise mechanism of this process is unknown in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and more evidence is needed on the evolution of fibrosis. The aim of this study was to assess these aspects in children with type 1 AIH. We analyzed 16 liver biopsy samples from eight patients, paired before treatment and after clinical remission, performed an immunohistochemical study with anti-actin smooth muscle antibody and graded fibrosisand inflammation on a scale of 0:4 (Batts and Ludwig scoring system). We observedthere was no significant reduction in fibrosis scores after 24± 18 months (2.5 ± 0.93 vs. 2.0± 0.53, P = 0.2012). There was an important decrease in inflammation: portal (2.6 ±0.74 vs. 1.3± 0.89, P = 0.0277), periportal/periseptal (3.0 ±0.76 vs. 1.4 ± 1.06, P = 0.0277), and lobular (2.8 ± 1.04 vs. 0.9± 0.99, P =0.0179). Anti-actin smooth muscle antibodies were expressed in the HSC of the initial biopsies (3491.93 ±2051.48 lm2), showing a significant reduction after remission (377.91 ±439.47 lm2) (P = 0.0117). HSC activation was demonstrated in the AIH of children. The reduction of this activation after clinical remission, which may precede a decrease in fibrosis, opens important perspectives in the follow-up of AIH.

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Os autores descrevem a adaptação da técnica de ligadura e ressecção do ducto biliar comum descrita na literatura, enfatizando suas vantagens na recuperação pós-cirúrgica. Este trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório Experimental do Departamento de Pediatria da FMB-UNESP.

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The values for the main hepatic enzymes included in the profiles of screen clinical biochemistry, alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (FA), lactate desidrogenase (LDH) and gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT), in samples of serum of broiler chickens in industrial system, clinically healthy, starting from the seventh day of life, until the slaughter (42 days) in weekly intervals were determined. Significant variations were not observed in the analyses in relation to the age of the birds for none of the appraised enzymes.

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A doença hepática crônica cursa, freqüentemente, com anormalidades metabólicas de macronutrientes que propiciam o desenvolvimento ou agravamento da desnutrição protéico-energética. O papel central do fígado no metabolismo dos substratos energéticos e de proteínas e aminoácidos é revisto, de modo relacionado à desnutrição protéico-energética, em pacientes com hepatopatia crônica. Aceita-se que a redução da ingestão dietética seja um dos principais componentes etiológicos da desnutrição, particularmente em pacientes alcoolistas. Acresce-se a iatrogenia pela indicação de dietas restritas e jejum prolongado aos pacientes hospitalizados. Como fatores agravantes, há má absorção intestinal de gorduras e o hipermetabolismo associado ao alcoolismo agudo. Hipoglicemia, resistência insulínica, esteatose e hipertrigliceridemia constituem achados comuns, assim como níveis elevados de alguns aminoácidos com conseqüências neurológicas. O entendimento desses mecanismos fisiopatológicos permite a intervenção nutricional apropriada reduzindo a morbidade e mortalidade desses pacientes.

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A doença hepática, alcoolismo e desnutrição são condições comumente associadas que interferem no metabolismo de micronutrientes. Como resultado da doença hepática pode ocorrer menor estocagem e conversão de vitaminas nas suas formas ativas, e má digestão e/ou má absorção. Há ainda o agravante do álcool diminuindo a ingestão e absorção de micronutrientes em virtude da redução da ingestão dietética e de sua associação com doença do intestino delgado ou pancreática. Outras causas de deficiências seriam: tratamento com drogas, peroxidação lipídica, déficit protéico, maior excreção urinária e aumento da necessidade e degradação de nutrientes. Como conseqüências dessas deficiências, esses pacientes apresentam usualmente anemia, esteatose hepática, estresse oxidativo e imunossupressão.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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A distribuição dos ramos da artéria hepática, no fígado, foi estudada em 30 fígados de capivara (Hydrochaerus hydrochaeris) mediante injeção arterial com látex natural corado, fixação em formol a 10%, dissecção pela face visceral e esquematização. A lobação do fígado, nestes animais, é semelhante à do suíno, permitindo identificar os lobos lateral direito, medial direito, quadrado, medial esquerdo, lateral esquerdo e caudado (processos caudado e papilar). A artéria hepática divide-se mais freqüentemente (73,3%) nos ramos direito e esquerdo e, em menor número de preparações (26,6%), trifurca-se nos ramos direito, intermédio e esquerdo. Esses vasos alcançam, sob diferentes arranjos, os lobos do fígado.

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In 18 dogs, previously anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital for the surgical preparation, catheterism and monitoring, the action of sodium pentobarbital (7.5 mg/kg) and enflurane (1.5 - 2%) in the liver circulation was studied. Measurements of the following parameters were made in four different times, before and 15, 30 and 60 min after the drug administration. By direct determination: hepatic artery flow, portal vein flow, mean pressure of the abdominal aorta, peripheral arterial pressure (mean), pressure in the caudal cava vein, portal pressure; and by indirect determination: total flow, arterial-cava gradient, portal-cava gradient, resistance in the hepatic artery territory, resistance in the territory of the portal vein, and total resistance. Based on the results, it is concluded that in the experiment's conditions: sodium pentobarbital doesn't change significantly the hepatic circulation, and enflurance produces a fall in the total hepatic flow, by reducing the portal flow, without alterations of the hepatic arterial flow. It diminishes the total hepatic resistance by diminishing the arterial resistance without alterations of the portal resistance; it diminishes the arterial-cava gradient in consequence of the reduction of the abdominal aorta pressure and of the portal pressure, but it seems that the caudal cava pressure is not altered. It also occurs a fall in the peripheral mean pressure.

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The aim of this study was to test the application and value of electrocorticography (ECG) in the early diagnosis and characterization of electrocorticograms changes on experimental fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Our material was composed of two groups of guinea pigs: a) ethanolamine group--42 animals with FHF induced by intrabiliary injection of 2.5 ml of monoethanolamine oleate; b) control group--10 animals submitted to intrabiliary injection of 2.5 ml of saline. Electrocorticograms recordings were taken in both groups with the electrodes implanted on the parieto-occipital regions of the skull. The hepatic failure was characterized by clinical manifestations, serum biochemical tests and histopathological findings. In the early hepatic coma the electrocorticograms could not be unequivocally distinguished from normal pattern, and alpha rhythm was recognizable in most animals. With further deterioration of the clinical condition the tracing showed progressive slowness of the normal rhythm, increased voltage and triphasic waves followed by suppression of electrical activity preceding the animal death. The electrocorticography was not suitable for the early diagnosis of hepatic coma, since the ECG alterations became evident only in overt coma. However the method could be useful for the characterization of cerebral disorders and the study of the pathogenesis of fulminant hepatic failure.

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The alcoholic liver cirrhosis usually causes overall immunological changes which might be attributed to either the hepatic disease itself, to ethanol action and/or to malnourishment of the patient. These immune abnormalities comprise both cellular and humoral immunity, consisting of increased immunoglobulin levels, depressed late-skin response to antigens, lowered proliferative response of lymphocytes to mitogens, lower plasma levels of complement proteins (C3 and C4) and by either lower (IL2 and gamma IF) or increased (IL1, TNF, IL6 and IL8) cytokine levels. Parallel to the systemic immune suppression found in most patients, there is also a concomitant local, genetically based, immune stimulation at the liver level which leads to hepatic self-aggression. The systemic immune-suppression could be responsible for periodical infections or neoplasia found in these patients. The possible factors for the immune exhaustion are: a) lower hepatic clearance of toxins and/or bacteria; b) lower hepatic synthesis of complement components; c) cytokines (IL2 and gamma IF) deficiencies, and d) deficiencies of nutrients related to the antioxidant and/or immune defense mechanisms. The immune stimulation of the liver self aggression is characterized by the preferential migration of cytotoxic T cell and neutrophils to the liver, following stimulatory factors such as Mallory bodies, acetaldehyde and/or antibodies. Moreover, the local increase of cytokines (IL1, TNF, IL6 and IL8) levels would be liable for the local phagocyte chemotaxy (IL8) or part of liver injury (TNF) eased by the lower antioxidant defense of the cirrhotic liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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The authors studied retrospectively 130 patients with thyroid tumors comparing the histopathologic diagnoses with fine needle aspirate (FNA) and frozen section results. FNA was performed in 118 patients with the following results: 75 (63.6%) benign, 21 (17.8%) malignant and 22 (18.6%) not conclusives. In seven cases false-negative result was obtained and there were six false-positive. These data reveals some drawbacks of this procedure. These results indicated that frozen as well as FNA are useful diagnostic procedure in helping to choose the most appropriate therapy in patients with thyroid tumors. On the other hand, traditional methods seems to be also important methods, such as scintilography, in the evaluation of thyroid diseases.

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We examined 46 adult horses - six healthy, as control, (group 1) and 40 horses with colic submitted to treatment by laparotomy. Twenty animals had no postoperative complication (group 2), and twenty died or were euthanized from seven to ten days after the surgery (group 3). There was an increase in serum urea and creatinine concentration and AST, FA and GGT activity of animals from group 1 and group 2, indicative of renal and hepatic injury. The changes were associated with dehydration and endotoxins. Depending on the severity of the colic, animals may develop kidney and liver failure.