De communicatione chemica inter plantas et animalia per aerem athmosphaericum nutritione ac respiratione effecta : dissertatio inauguralis chemico-physiologica

quam ... publice defendet auctor Augustus Rudolphus Brenner Martisburgensis

De animales y también de hombres : Casalins, Gabriela (2009) : Animalia. Buenos Aires, Ediciones Al Margen, pp. 89

Fil: Coscarelli, Adriana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Libellus, in quo demonstratur quod non solum vegetabilia, animalia, et mineralia menstruo simplici paucis horis possint solvi, verum etiam extracta purissima, et salia essentialia educi /

Mode of access: Internet.

Museum Richterianum : continens fossilia animalia vegetabilia mar /

Mode of access: Internet.

Danielis Clerici ... Historia naturalis et medica latorum lumbricorum, intra hominem & alia animalia nascentium, ex variis auctoribus & propriis observationibus : accessit, horum occasione, de ceteris quoque hominum vermibus, tum de omnium origine, tandemque de remediis quibus pelli possint disquisitio, cum variis figuris.

Mode of access: Internet.

Caroli Linnaei ... Fauna svecica sistens animalia Sveciae regni : Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Distributa per classes & ordines, genera & species, cum differentiis specierum, synonymis auctorum, nominibus incolarum, locis natalium, descriptionibus insectorum.

"Autores": 7th-10th prelim. leaves.

Caroli Linnaei ... Fauna svecica, sistens animalia Sveciae regni : Quadrupedia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes, distributa per classes & ordines, genera & species, cum differentiis specierum, synonymis autorum, nominibus incolarum, locis habitationum, descriptionibus insectorum.

Includes index.

Animalia composita ... /

Library of Congress collection: Dissertationes academicae (Linné) no. 98.

Ulyssis Aldrovandi ... De animalibus insectis libri septem : in quibus omnia illa animalia ... describuntur, eorum ivones ad visum ob omlos ponuntur, tandemg ; etiam natura, mores ac propietates ita declarantur ... : his adiunctus est index geninus capitum ... & verborum.

Contiene : De reliquis animalibus exanguibus : utpote De mollibus, crustaceis, Testaceis & 300 phythis libri quatuor post mortem eius editi : in quibus praedicta animalia omnia ... describuntur ... natura, mores ac propietates declarantur ...

Effect of family relatedness on characteristics of estimated IBD probabilities in relation to precision of QTL estimates

Background: A random QTL effects model uses a function of probabilities that two alleles in the same or in different animals at a particular genomic position are identical by descent (IBD). Estimates of such IBD probabilities and therefore, modeling and estimating QTL variances, depend on marker polymorphism, strength of linkage and linkage disequilibrium of markers and QTL, and the relatedness of animals in the pedigree. The effect of relatedness of animals in a pedigree on IBD probabilities and their characteristics was examined in a simulation study. Results: The study based on nine multi-generational family structures, similar to a pedigree structure of a real dairy population, distinguished by an increased level of inbreeding from zero to 28 % across the studied population. Highest inbreeding level in the pedigree, connected with highest relatedness, was accompanied by highest IBD probabilities of two alleles at the same locus, and by lower relative variation coefficients. Profiles of correlation coefficients of IBD probabilities along the marked chromosomal segment with those at the true QTL position were steepest when the inbreeding coefficient in the pedigree was highest. Precision of estimated QTL location increased with increasing inbreeding and pedigree relatedness. A method to assess the optimum level of inbreeding for QTL detection is proposed, depending on population parameters. Conclusions: An increased overall relationship in a QTL mapping design has positive effects on precision of QTL position estimates. But the relationship of inbreeding level and the capacity for QTL detection depending on the recombination rate of QTL and adjacent informative marker is not linear. © 2010 Freyer et al., licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Mapping of multiple quantitative trait loci affecting bovine spongiform encephalopathy

A whole-genome scan was conducted to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for BSE resistance or susceptibility. Cows from four half-sib families were included and 173 microsatellite markers were used to construct a 2835-cM (Kosambi) linkage map covering 29 autosomes and the pseudoautosomal region of the sex chromosome. Interval mapping by linear regression was applied and extended to a multiple-QTL analysis approach that used identified QTL on other chromosomes as cofactors to increase mapping power. In the multiple-QTL analysis, two genome-wide significant QTL (BTA17 and X/Y ps) and four genome-wide suggestive QTL (BTA1, 6, 13, and 19) were revealed. The QTL identified here using linkage analysis do not overlap with regions previously identified using TDT analysis. One factor that may explain the disparity between the results is that a more extensive data set was used in the present study. Furthermore, methodological differences between TDT and linkage analyses may affect the power of these approaches.

Candidate gene analysis for quantitative traits using the transmission disequilibrium test : the example of the melanocortin 4-receptor in pigs

Population-wide associations between loci due to linkage disequilibrium can be used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) with high resolution. However, spurious associations between markers and QTL can also arise as a consequence of population stratification. Statistical methods that cannot differentiate between loci associations due to linkage disequilibria from those caused in other ways can render false-positive results. The transmission-disequilibrium test (TDT) is a robust test for detecting QTL. The TDT exploits within-family associations that are not affected by population stratification. However, some TDTs are formulated in a rigid-form, with reduced potential applications. In this study we generalize TDT using mixed linear models to allow greater statistical flexibility. Allelic effects are estimated with two independent parameters: one exploiting the robust within-family information and the other the potentially biased between-family information. A significant difference between these two parameters can be used as evidence for spurious association. This methodology was then used to test the effects of the fourth melanocortin receptor (MC4R) on production traits in the pig. The new analyses supported the previously reported results; i.e., the studied polymorphism is either causal of in very strong linkage disequilibrium with the causal mutation, and provided no evidence for spurious association.