15 resultados para Alginatos


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In this study, the aim was to measure the concentration of fluoride ions in dental alginates and the quantity released from alginate molds immersed in milliQ water, 0.1N hydrochloric acid and artificial saliva. Two separate lots of each of seven brands of alginate commercially available in Brazil were analyzed: Avagel, Deguprint, Hydrogum, Orthoprint, Jeltrate, Jeltrate Plus and Jeltrate Chromatic. Fluoride was measured in each sample by direct potentiometry, using the combined fluoride-ion selective electrode. The brands with the highest fluoride concentrations were Hydrogum (7052.87 μg/g), Jeltrate Plus (6519.68 μg/g) and Orthoprint (6218.18 μg/g). Only in Hydrogum and Jeltrate were different fluoride concentrations found in lots one and two. The various materials showed differences in the amount of fluoride released from the molds into the immersion medium, the mean concentration being highest in Hydrogum and Orthoprint, in all three media. The immersion medium also influenced the release of fluoride, which was lower in saliva than in water and highest in acid. Considering that the concentrations of fluoride found in the alginates tested were high and that various sources of exposure to fluoride exist, there is a need for constant monitoring of alginates intended for dental use.

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Alginate or irreversible hydrocolloid is one the most accepted and frequently employed impression materials in dental practice. Substances like zinc, cadmium, lead silicate and fluorides, which are included in several alginate brands with the aim of improving their physical, chemical and mechanical properties, are a source of serious concern as regards their toxicity. Some brands of alginate have been reported to contain potentially toxic fluorides and metals such as cadmium, lead and zinc silicates, either singly or combined. Consequently, special care should be taken while preparing of these materials. It is necessary to monitor potentially toxic chemicals and metals in the alginates continually to avoid contamination of dental professionals and patients. In this review, alginates used in dentistry are analyzed for potential toxicity.

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A biossorção é o termo aplicado à tecnologia de adsorção de íons metálicos em solução, por meio de materiais de natureza biológica inativa, comparável à adsorção utilizando-se adsorventes convencionais. A biossorção depende da temperatura, pH, concentração inicial do íon metálico, e tipo de biosorvente. O objetivo principal dessa dissertação é estudar e comparar os processos de adsorção de cobre iônico a partir de soluções aquosas utilizando Sargassum sp., alginato de cálcio úmido e desidratado e carvão ativo em pó e granular, em regime de batelada e contínuo. O alginato de cálcio foi preparado através de uma solução 4% (m/v) de alginato de sódio gotejada em solução 37% (m/v) de cloreto de cálcio dihidratado. O alginato de cálcio apresentou uma umidade de 89% após secagem em estufa a 100C por 24 horas. Os parâmetros da biossorção foram fixados em: a dose de adsorventes de 2 g/L; a temperatura em 30C; pH da solução em 5,0; e velocidade de rotação da chapa rotatória em 150 rpm. Para os estudos de cinética e equilíbrio, os ensaios foram feitos em regime de batelada. Nos ensaios cinéticos para duas concentrações medias (0,16 e 3,15 mmol/L) variou-se o tempo de contato (1 a 120 min) para se atingir o equilíbrio. Nos ensaios de equilíbrio variou-se as concentrações (0,16 a 15,72 mmol/L) utilizando o tempo de equilíbrio determinado nos ensaios cinéticos. Foram utilizadas duas modelagens cinéticas (a de pseudo-primeira ordem e a de segunda ordem) e duas modelagens do equilíbrio (Langmuir e Freundlich). O modelo cinético de segunda ordem ajustou melhor os resultados. O tempo de equilíbrio para adsorção do cobre foi de 60 minutos para Sargassum sp. e pellets de alginatos de cálcio úmido e desidratado. Para os carvões ativos os tempos de equilíbrio para a adsorção do cobre foram mais rápidos, mas a capacidade de remoção do cobre foram muito baixas. Com base nos resultados desfavoráveis obtidos para os carvões ativos eles foram descartados para se prosseguir com os ensaios de equilíbrio. A isoterma de Freundlich melhor ajusta os dados experimentais para Sargassum sp. e alginato de cálcio úmido. A capacidade de adsorção máxima calculada pelo modelo de Freundlich: na concentração de equilíbrio de 11,66 0,06 mmol/L foi de 1,97 0,07 mmol/g para Sargassum sp.; e na concentração de equilíbrio de 12,12 0,03 mmol/L foi de 1,69 0,04 mmol/g para alginato de cálcio úmido. O processo de biossorção em regime contínuo, com alturas de leito variável de 10 a 40 cm, teve melhor desempenho com a altura de 40 cm. Em regime de batelada, o desempenho da Sargassum sp. foi superior ao dos alginatos de cálcio (úmido melhor que o desidratado), que por sua vez foram superiores ao desempenho dos carvões ativos em pó e granular (em pó melhor que o granular). O sistema contínuo com concentração inicial de cobre de 8,5 mmol/L deve ser operado com altura de leito igual ou superior a 40 cm, ou com sistemas multicolunas para soluções mais concentradas

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The alginic acid or alginates are acidic polysaccharides found in brown seaweed widely used in food, cosmetic, medical and pharmaceutical industry. This paper proposes the extraction, chemical characterization and verification of the pharmacological activities of brown seaweed variegata Lobophora . The alginate was extracted from the seaweed Lobophora variegata and part was sulphated for comparative purposes. The native extract showed 42% total sugar, 65% uronic acid, 0,36 % protein and 0% of sulfate, while the sulfate showed 39% , 60%, 0.36% and 27,92 % respectively. The presence of a sulfate group may be observed by the metachromasia with toluidine blue in electrophoresis system and characteristic vibration 1262,34 cm-1 in infrared spectroscopy connections assigned to S = O. We observed the formation of films and beads of native alginate, where more concentrated solution 6% resulted in a thicker and more consistent film. Native alginate showed proliferative activity at concentrations (25 and 50 mcg), (50 mg) and (100 mg) in 3T3 cell line in 24h, 48h and 72h, respectively , as the sulfated (100 mg) in 24 . Also showed antiproliferative or cytotoxic activity in HeLa cells of strain, (25 and 100 mg), (25 and 100 mg) and (25, 50 and 100 mg), to native, now for the sulfate concentrations (100 mg) in 24 (25, 50 and 100 mg) in 48 hours, and (50 and 100 mg ) 72h. For their antioxidant activity, the sulfated alginates have better total antioxidant activity reaching 29 % of the native activity while 7.5 % of activity . For the hydroxyl radical AS showed high inhibition ( between 77-83 % ) in concentrations, but the AN surpassed these numbers in the order of 78-92 % inhibition. The reducing power of AN and AS ranged between 39-82 % . In the method of ferric chelation NA reached 100 % chelating while the AS remained at a plateau oscillating 6.5%. However, in this study , we found alginates with promising pharmacological activities, to use in various industries as an antioxidant / anti-tumor compound

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Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The present study aims at evaluating dimensional alteration of stone casts made from impressions with a standard irreversible hydrocolloid and an antimicrobial one. For this, an alginate without disinfectant (Type II Jeltrate) and other containing chlorhexidine (Type II Avagel) were used, which rose by the same regime of treatment: without disinfection; immersion; and spraying. A 1% sodium hypochlorite solution was used for 10 minutes. To obtain the impressions, a perforated impression tray was made from a standard metal model. After molding, the molds were washed in running water for 30 seconds to simulate removal of saliva. Then, with the exception of the control group, these molds were subjected to disinfection treatment. After 10 minutes they were washed again. 60 samples poured with type V special gypsum (Durone) were obtained, that were measured 3 times in a stereomicroscope (SZX12, Olympus) to record the average of dimensional alterations. The disinfection treatment did not bring significant changes in the models obtained from both alginate tested (standard p = 0.7102; with chlorhexidine p = 0.5832). The results showed a statistically significant and additional advantage of the traditional alginate on alginate with chlorhexidine, with respect to dimensional alteration (p < 0.05).

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The dental trade has offered dental impression and dental stone for orthodontic use ensuring accurate models. The compatibility between these materials is defined by the wetting of the model surfaces by the mixture water/stone poured over it and the influenced by the method of disinfection of model and disinfectant solution used. It was evaluated the influence of spray disinfection with sodium hypochlorite 1% on the wettability of two commercial alginate (Jeltrate ® - Dentsply and Orthoprint ® - Zhermack) at two commercial type III gypsum (Rio ® - ME and AOBussoli Orthogesso Orthogesso ®-SA). Twenty models were fabricated for each type of alginate, which were divided into two groups (water and sodium hypochlorite), receiving respectively water and sodium hypochlorite 1% spray. Each group of models was then further divided into two subgroups, and on their surface were poured 2 ml of type III gypsum (Gesso Rio® or Orthogesso®). Reached the final setting of the gypsum specimens were sectioned vertically and medially, settled water with sandpaper No. 400 and mounted on suitable device for reading (in the right and left) of the contact angle Carl Zeiss microscope (precision, 001). The results were submitted to ANOVA and founded statistical significance for solutions used. It was concluded that sodium hypochlorite spray improved wettability of alginates studied.

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La tarea de implantar una cubierta vegetal en taludes de carretera implica la consideración de una serie de factores que se presentan en estos lugares con matices específicos y configuran, aisladamente o en su conjunto, una situación distinta de la que habitualmente se presenta a la hora de sembrar o de plantar de forma común. Efectivamente, la pendiente, la temperatura del suelo, la compacidad del suelo, el contenido y distribución de humedad, la cantidad de materia orgánica, suelen definir un medio sumamente inadecuado para el desarrollo de la vegetación. De hecho, la colonización natural no se produce, o se lleva a cabo a un ritmo muy lento, en los taludes del tipo que se origina habitualmente junto a las grandes carreteras. Por otro lado, el establecimiento de una cubierta vegetal permanente parece ser el mejor procedimiento para conseguir la fijación y estabilización de taludes. En ponderación conjunta de los aspectos funcionales, económicos, estéticos y de conservación del medio natural, ofrece ventajas indudables sobre cualquier otro método; ventajas que persisten, en muchas ocasiones, aún limitando la consideración por separado a uno cualquiera de los cuatro aspectos. El problema objeto de este estudio, queda así centrado en la superación de la contradicción enunciada. Es claro que la solución puede conseguirse a base de "grandes remedios", como sería la modificación radical del "medio talud", viable técnicamente pero inviable económicamente en tal grado que no merece se le preste mayor atención que esta simple mención. La solución ha de buscarse, no obstante, por ese mismo camino, pero quitando a la modificación la nota de radical. El empleo de materiales que actúan como "mulch", estabilizador o acondicionador, y de técnicas tales como la hidrosiembra, ha supuesto un avance importante en el planteamiento técnico-económico del problema- Los materiales y técnicas aludidas proporcionan un medio menos hostil, en el que la vegetación puede debatirse ya con mejores perspectivas. La situación, en este hipotético ahora, podría dibujarse en dos trazos fundamentales: 1) El talud, tratado por cualquiera de los procedimientos conocidos, sigue siendo un medio artificial. Por lo tanto, al estudio de las condiciones climáticas, de las propiedades - del suelo y de la vegetación espontánea, ha de concedérsele importancia mucho menor de la acostumbrada en los estudios que contemplan un medio natural o poco modificado. 2) La finalidad perseguida es fijar los taludes de forma rápida y permanente. Importa, pues, decisivamente el efecto inicial de control de la erosión; y en segundo lugar dejar la puerta abierta para que los procesos naturales incidan sobre lo operado artificialmente, para irlo sustituyendo paulatinamente. En cualquier caso, y como prolongación de lo ya señalado acerca del peso a conceder al entorno natural, puede afirmarse que, más que los elementos definitorios de las comunidades naturales, son las componentes operativas de las especies empleadas las que determinan la viabilidad global de la acción emprendida. Se trata, pues, de buscar una comunidad funcional, cuyos componentes básicos apuntarían hacia el cumplimiento en el espacio y en el tiempo de una serie de funciones; entre ellas, es primordial el control de la erosión, que exige efectos extensos, inmediatos y permanentes. Los primeros capítulos del trabajo se dedican a la descripción de los aspectos particulares que el mecanismo erosivo presenta en los taludes de carreteras y de los factores que influyen en el establecimiento de la cubierta vegetal. En el capítulo 4 se sientan las bases que han de conducir a la elección de especies, y se enumeran los requisitos que éstas han de reunir. A continuación, se describe el medio en que se ha llevado a cabo la parte experimental: 30 taludes de la Autopista Barcelona-Gerona, en el tramo comprendido entre San Celoni y el Aeropuerto de Gerona, y las actuaciones realizadas sobre ellos, que son de dos tipos: 1) Cubrimiento de la superficie del talud, previo o simultáneo a la siembra, con uno de los siguientes materiales: - Tierra vegetal acopiada durante la explanación de la carretera. - Mulch de fibra larga, constituido por paja de cereal trabada con bitumen. - Mulch de fibra corta con un estabilizador de suelos, a base de alginatos. 2) Siembra con mezcla de semillas elegida entre seis previamente definidas. El estudio de los factores del medio, permite aceptar la homogeneidad previa a las actuaciones, y concretar el estudio del comportamiento de las especies en su respuesta a unos pocos elementos diferenciales: Intrínsecos al talud Desmonte o terraplén Exposición (solana o umbría) Pendiente Extrínsecos al talud Tipo de tratamiento recibido Composición de la siembra. Por último, en el Capitulo 4 se procede a la elección de especies a sembrar, mediante sucesivas aproximaciones a partir de la flora autóctona, disponibilidad de la se milla y consideraciones funcionales. La dosificación de las mezclas se verifica en base al Índice de concurrencia, con matizaciones derivadas de exposición y tipo de tratamiento. Las dificultades que se encuentran para conseguir el establecimiento en taludes artificiales de las especies habitualmente empleadas como pratenses, notoriamente relevantes en las zonas áridas, donde se suma a ellas la falta continuada de humedad durante largos períodos, han animado a investigar el comportamiento de algunas especies poco conocidas. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo ensayos de germinación en situaciones adversas, similares a las de los taludes. A continuación se describen las especies estudiadas, con referencia esquemática a su ecología y a los rasgos funcionales que han conducido a su elección. La inventariación de los resultados obtenidos en los taludes se realizó mediante un muestreo sistemático; el análisis de la información proporcionada se verificó en varias etapas. Un primer análisis consistió en explayar los resultados medios correspondientes a grupos de taludes, definidos según elementos diferenciales comunes, y a los diferentes conceptos del inventario (presencia en muestra, superficie cubierta y número de plantas). Este primer análisis permite definir la respuesta de las especies a las distintas actuaciones artificiales. El comportamiento de cada especie se aborda mediante la elaboración de cuatro índices, de los cuales sólo se retienen finalmente dos. Los Índices evidencian qué especies han dado los mejores resultados y qué otras han dado los peores; resta un tercer grupo, definido con menor precisión, que seguirá siendo analizado en las etapas posteriores del análisis. El estudio de las posibles correlaciones entre las especies, pone de manifiesto una baja estructuración de los datos, como por otra parte cabía esperar en una etapa preliminar de desarrollo, pero también evidencia ciertas constantes y paralelismos o divergencias en los comportamientos. El capítulo final contempla la posibilidad de distribuciones irregulares a lo largo de la altura de los taludes, como probablemente se darían si no existiesen actuaciones artificiales.

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agricultural, pharmaceutical, cosmetic or bioenergy applications. They contain bioactive compounds, namely, polysaccharides Fucoidan. These polysaccharides are mainly constituted by fucose residues and sulfate esters, and have been reported to possess a broad variety of bioactivities, such as anticoagulant, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiviral and antioxidant. In this work, the fucoidans from brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus from “Ria de Aveiro” were isolated and characterized in order to add value to this natural resource of the region. The polysaccharides from the algae were extracted with hot water and fractioned by ethanol precipitation and calcium chloride salts. They were further purified by using anion-exchange chromatography, allowing to separate the neutral polysaccharides (laminaranas) from those negatively charged (sulfated fucoidans and alginate). The purified polysaccharides showed high content of fucose (41 mol%) and sulfates (50 mol%), having also galactose residues (6 mol%), which confirm the presence of only sulfated fucoidans. Glycosidic linkages analysis show the presence of high amounts of terminal fucose (25%) and (1→3,4)-Fuc (26%), allowing to infer that the fucoidans were highly branched. These fucoidans are composed also by (1→2)-Fuc (14%) and (1→3)-Fuc linkages (10-16%). In this work it was also tested an alternative extraction technology, the microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity system, where it was possible to extract sugars, although in low yields. However, this methodology allowed to extract polysaccharides, constituted mainly by fucose and uronic acids, as well as mannitol, without the need to add any solvent, obtaining at the end the dry alga. The current work allowed to characterize the structure of the fucoidans isolated from “Ria de Aveiro” F. vesiculosus. The presence of high content of sulfate residues and the high branch degree of the purified fucoidans allow to infer that these polysaccharides could have potential to be studied for biomedical applications, according to their biological activities.

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The alginic acid or alginates are acidic polysaccharides found in brown seaweed widely used in food, cosmetic, medical and pharmaceutical industry. This paper proposes the extraction, chemical characterization and verification of the pharmacological activities of brown seaweed variegata Lobophora . The alginate was extracted from the seaweed Lobophora variegata and part was sulphated for comparative purposes. The native extract showed 42% total sugar, 65% uronic acid, 0,36 % protein and 0% of sulfate, while the sulfate showed 39% , 60%, 0.36% and 27,92 % respectively. The presence of a sulfate group may be observed by the metachromasia with toluidine blue in electrophoresis system and characteristic vibration 1262,34 cm-1 in infrared spectroscopy connections assigned to S = O. We observed the formation of films and beads of native alginate, where more concentrated solution 6% resulted in a thicker and more consistent film. Native alginate showed proliferative activity at concentrations (25 and 50 mcg), (50 mg) and (100 mg) in 3T3 cell line in 24h, 48h and 72h, respectively , as the sulfated (100 mg) in 24 . Also showed antiproliferative or cytotoxic activity in HeLa cells of strain, (25 and 100 mg), (25 and 100 mg) and (25, 50 and 100 mg), to native, now for the sulfate concentrations (100 mg) in 24 (25, 50 and 100 mg) in 48 hours, and (50 and 100 mg ) 72h. For their antioxidant activity, the sulfated alginates have better total antioxidant activity reaching 29 % of the native activity while 7.5 % of activity . For the hydroxyl radical AS showed high inhibition ( between 77-83 % ) in concentrations, but the AN surpassed these numbers in the order of 78-92 % inhibition. The reducing power of AN and AS ranged between 39-82 % . In the method of ferric chelation NA reached 100 % chelating while the AS remained at a plateau oscillating 6.5%. However, in this study , we found alginates with promising pharmacological activities, to use in various industries as an antioxidant / anti-tumor compound