Effects of vaccination against reproductive diseases on reproductive performance of beef cows submitted to fixed-timed AI in Brazilian cow-calf operations

The objectives were to assess incidence of pregnancy losses, associate this outcome with immunization programs against reproductive diseases, and evaluate the effects of vaccination against bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and Leptospira spp., on reproductive efficiency of Brazilian cow-calf operations. In experiment 1, 7614 lactating Nelore cows from 18 ranches were assigned to the same estrus synchronization and fixed-time AI protocol (ESFTAI; Days -11 to 0). Pregnancy status was determined with transrectal ultrasonography on Days 30 and 120 after AI. Pregnancy loss was deemed to have occurred when cows were pregnant on Day 30 but nonpregnant on Day 120. Incidence of pregnancy loss across all ranches was 4.1%; pregnancy losses were detected (P < 0.10) in 14 ranches but not detected (P > 0.11) in four ranches. Pregnancy loss was lower (P ≤ 0.02) in ranches that vaccinated against BoHV-1, BVDV, and Leptospira spp. compared with ranches that did not vaccinate, or only vaccinated against Leptospira spp. In experiments 2 and 3, lactating Nelore cows (N = 1950 and 2793, respectively) from ranches that did not have a history of vaccinating against reproductive diseases (experiment 2), or only vaccinated against Leptospira spp. (experiment 3), were assigned to the same ESFTAI used in experiment 1. Within each ranch, cows received (VAC) or not (CON) vaccination against BoHV-1, BVDV, and Leptospira spp. at the beginning of the ESFTAI (Day -11) and 30 days after (Day 41) AI. In experiment 2, VAC cows had greater (P ≤ 0.05) pregnancy rates compared with CON on Days 30 and 120. In experiments 2 and 3, pregnancy loss was reduced (P ≤ 0.03) in primiparous VAC cows compared with CON cohorts. In experiment 4, 367 primiparous, lactating Nelore cows previously vaccinated against Leptospira spp. were assigned to the same ESFTAI used in experiment 1. Cows received VAC, or the same vaccine 30 days before (Day -41) and at the beginning (Day -11) of the ESFTAI (PREVAC). Pregnancy rates on Days 30 and 120 were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in PREVAC cows compared with VAC cows. In conclusion, pregnancy losses affected reproductive and overall efficiency of Brazilian cow-calf operations, and might be directly associated with BoHV-1, BVDV, and Leptospira spp. infections. Hence, vaccinating cows against these pathogens, particularly when both doses are administered before fixed-time AI, improved reproductive performance in Brazilian cow-calf systems. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

Effects of vaccination against reproductive diseases on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows submitted to AI

Four experiments evaluated the effects of vaccination against bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and Leptospira spp. on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows without (experiments 1, 2, and 3) or with previous vaccination against these diseases (experiment 4). Cows were assigned to a fixed-time AI protocol (FTAI; d -11 to 0) in all experiments, as well as AI 12. h upon estrus detection in experiment 3. Pregnancy status was determined with transrectal ultrasonography on d 30 and 71 (d 60 for experiment 3) after AI. Pregnancy loss was considered in cows pregnant on d 30 but non-pregnant on the subsequent evaluation. In experiment 1, 853 cows received (VAC) or not (CON) vaccination against BoHV-1, BVDV, and Leptospira spp. at the beginning of the FTAI (d -11) and 30. d after AI. Pregnancy loss was reduced (P=0.03) in VAC cows compared with CON. In experiment 2, 287 cows received VAC or CON 30. d prior to (d -41) and at the beginning (d -11) of the FTAI. Pregnancy rates on d 30 and 71 were greater (P≤0.03) in VAC cows compared with CON. In experiment 3, 1680 cows with more than 28. d in milk were randomly assigned to receive VAC or CON with doses administered 14. d apart, and inseminated within 15-135. d after the second dose. Pregnancy rates on d 30 and 60 were greater (P≤0.02) in VAC cows compared with CON. In experiment 4, 820 cows received (REVAC) or not (CON) revaccination against BoHV-1, BVDV, and Leptospira spp. at the beginning of the FTAI protocol (d -11). Pregnancy rates and loss were similar (P≥0.54) between treatments. Hence, vaccinating naïve cows against BoHV-1, BVDV, and Leptospira spp. improved reproductive efficiency in dairy production systems, particularly when both doses were administered prior to AI. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Variáveis epidemiológicas e alterações clínicas, hematológicas e urinárias em cães sororreagentes para Leptospira spp

In order to determine antibodies anti-Leptospira spp. in dogs from Botucatu-SP with a clinical suspicion and the risk factors for this zoonosis, as well possible hematological and urine alterations were collected blood samples from 248 dogs. The diagnostic test performed was the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) with 29 serovars of leptospires. Titers were considered reagent ≥200 and detected in 17.7% (44/248) of the dogs. The most frequent serovars were Autumnalis (20.5%); Pyrogenes (18.2%); Gryppothyphosa (15.9%); Canicola (13.6%); Bratislava and Copenhageni (9.1%); Andamana (4.5%) and Djasiman (2.3%). Regarding the analysis of the epidemiological questionnaire administered to owners of the dogs, there was statistical significance for sex, age and presence of rats at home, showing that, by logistic regression analysis, only the sex variable was been significantly associated to the presence of antibodies anti-Leptospira. The levels of urea and creatinine were significantly increased in the group of animals reagents to the Microscopic Agglutination Test, showing the renal damage in these animals and decreased hemoglobin level.

Inquérito sorológico, molecular e fatores de risco para leptospirose em mamíferos cativos, papel dos animais sinantrópicos presentes no local e aspectos de saúde pública

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação do efeito de derivados de parede celular de levedura de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) sobre a resposta imune de cães adultos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

La economía del cambio climático en Centroamérica: evidencia de las enfermedades sensibles al clima: serie técnica 2012

Incluye Bibliografía

Isolamento e reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) para Leptospira spp. em amostras renais e hepáticas de ovinos sorologicamente positivos e negativos para leptospirose, abatidos em frigorífico, procedentes do estado de São Paulo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação das complicações hematológicas e renais e do risco tromboembólico de cães com AHIM

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fatores predisponentes à ocorrência de leptospirose e leishmaniose em cães no Distrito de Córrego Rico, Jaboticabal-SP

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Associação entre concepção e enfermidades infecciosas da reprodução em matrizes nelore

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Educação em saúde: formação de multiplicadores em zoonoses e guarda responsável de animais de estimação

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Padronização de um protocolo para detecção molecular de Leptospira spp. e Brucella spp. em sêmen bovino comercial

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Prevalência e fatores de risco de leptospirose bovina no estado do Maranhão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Incidência de perdas gestacionais e efeito da vacinação contra doenças da reprodução nas taxas de prenhez em vacas de corte submetidas à inseminação artificial em tempo fixo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estratégias de vacinação contra doenças da reprodução nas taxas de prenhez de vacas em lactação

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ