Interne Unternehmenskommunikation im Wandel der Zeit: Ihre Entwicklung und ihre Modelle als Instrument der Unternehmensführung

Über die vergangenen Jahrzehnte hat sich die Interne Unternehmenskommunikation stets auf durch ökonomische Herausforderungen bedingte organisationale Veränderungen eingestellt und ihre Modelle zur Motivation und Integration von Mitarbeitern den Veränderungen im strategischen und operativen Management angepasst. Ging es in den 70er und 80er Jahren dabei noch um das Herstellen von Mitarbeiterzufriedenheit, drehte sich seit den 90er Jahren in der Folge des zunehmenden globalen Wettbewerbs dann alles um das Mitarbeiterengagement.
Dieser Beitrag unternimmt einen Versuch, die Geschichte der Internen Unternehmens-kommunikation in Deutschland zu beleuchten. Dazu wird der Blickwinkel des Kommunikationsmanagements eingenommen, welches die Funktion der generellen Unternehmenskommunikation und damit auch die ihrer Teildisziplin für die Anspruchsgruppe der Mitarbeiter unter betriebswirt-schaftlichen Gesichtspunkten betrachtet und in den Wertschöpfungsprozess eines Unternehmens einordnet.
Es wird gezeigt, dass und wie sich die Interne Unternehmenskommunikation über die vergangenen Jahrzehnte auf durch ökonomische Herausforderungen bedingte organisationale Veränderungen eingestellt und diese unterstützt hat. Die jeweiligen Lösungsansätze der Internen Kommunikation dienten immer dazu, die Mitarbeiter zum Vorteil der Unternehmensführung in das Unternehmensgeschehen zu integrieren.
Und so, wie sich im Laufe der Zeit das strategische und operative Management veränderte, entwickelte sich auch die hier zu beschreibende Disziplin weiter.
Unterdessen ist der Wandel Normalität geworden, doch mehr als jeder dritte Veränderungsprozess kann auch heute noch vor allem durch eine mangelnde Integration der Mitarbeiter als nicht erfolgreich betrachtet werden. Aber mehr denn je ist die kreative Beteiligung der Betroffenen und die Übernahme von Eigenverant-wortung notwendig. Entsprechende Maßnahmen der Internen Unternehmenskommunikation müssen nun aus einem Modell für Mobilisierung erwachsen.
Inzwischen stellen diese Zusammenhänge die Verantwortlichen für die Interne Kommunikation vor große Herausforderungen und erfordern ein hohes Maß an Professionalität, die aber in der Praxis noch längst nicht überall Einzug gehalten hat. So gibt dieser Beitrag auch einen Ausblick auf die aktuell zu erkennenden Unterstützungspotenziale der Internen Unternehmenskommunikation im Wertschöpfungsprozess.

Who gets to play? Investigating equity in musical instrument instruction in Scottish primary schools

There is a widely held view that learning to play a musical instrument is a valuable experience for all children in terms of their personal growth and development. Although there is no statutory obligation for instrumental music provision in Scottish primary schools, there are well-established Instrumental Music Services in Local Education Authorities that have been developed to provide this facility for pupils. This article presents the findings of a study that was aimed at investigating the extent to which the opportunity to undertake instrumental instruction in Scottish primary schools is equitable. The study employed a mixed-methods approach. Data were gathered from 21 Scottish primary schools, a total pupil population of 5122 pupils of whom 323 pupils were receiving instrumental instruction. The analysis involved an investigation of the academic profile of this group, the representation of children with additional support needs (ASN) and the nature of their ASN. A qualitative analysis of policy and guideline documents and interviews with Heads of Instrumental Services, headteachers and instrumental instructors served to explain and illuminate the quantitative data. The findings showed that particular groups of children with ASN were significantly under-represented and offer explanations of the processes by which this occurs.

The Finometer can function as a standalone instrument in blood pressure variability studies and does not require support equipment to determine breathing frequency

Objective: The Finometer (FMS, Finapres Measurement Systems, Amsterdam) records the beat-to-beat finger pulse contour and has been recommended for research studies assessing shortterm changes of blood pressure and its variability. Variability measured in the frequency domain using spectral analysis requires that the impact of breathing be restricted to high frequency spectra (> 0.15 Hz) so data from participants needs to be excluded when the breathing impact occurs in the low frequency spectra (0.04 - 0.15 Hz). This study tested whether breathing frequency can be estimated from standard Finometer recordings using either stroke volume oscillation frequency or spectral stroke volume variability maximum scores. Methods: 22 healthy volunteers were tested for 270s in the supine and upright positions. Finometer recorded the finger pulse contour and a respiratory transducer recorded breathing. Stoke volume oscillation frequency was calculated manually while the stroke volume spectral maximums were obtained using the software Cardiovascular Parameter Analysis (Nevrokard Kiauta, Izola, Slovenia). These estimates were compared to the breathing frequency using the Bland-Altman procedures. Results: Stroke volume oscillation frequency estimated breathing frequency to <±10% 95% levels of agreement in both supine (-7.7 to 7.0%) and upright (-6.7 to 5.4%) postures. Stroke volume variability maximum scores did not accurately estimate breathing frequency. Conclusions: Breathing frequency can be accurately derived from standard Finometer recordings using stroke volume oscillations for healthy individuals in both supine and upright postures. The Finometer can function as a standalone instrument in blood pressure variability studies and does not require support equipment to determine breathing frequency.

Accessibility Instrument Survey

This chapter presents the main results of the Accessibility Instrument Survey (AIS), collecting basic information on each of the accessibility instruments reviewed in this report (for more detail on these Instruments see Chapter 3). The aim of the survey was to enable quick, objective and comparable overviews of each of the reviewed accessibility instruments. The information collected will enable the categorization of accessibility instruments present in this research, aiming to be a reference for future categorization of accessibility instruments for planning practice. These categories will support the analysis of the coverage of accessibility instruments in this research, i.e., identify how representative this research is across different accessibility instrument types. In addition, these will be used to analyse the characteristics and concerns which most frequently underlie the development of accessibility instruments. Finally, the survey also collects developer’s perceptions on the usefulness of their accessibility instruments in planning practice, enabling the first insight into the main research question of this COST Action, although limited to the developer’s point of view. In summary, the results of the survey will be used for four purposes: Development of an accessibility instrument sheet for each accessibility instrument summarizing its main characteristics (Appendix A); Identify the coverage of accessibility instrument types present in this research (Section 4.3.1) discussing the representativeness of this Action; Provide a glimpse on the characteristics and concerns which most frequently underlie the development of accessibility instruments (Section 4.3.2); Provide a first insight into the perceived usefulness of accessibility instruments in planning practice from the point of view of the developer (Section 4.3.2 and Section 4.3.3). The next section provides an overview of the Survey describing the information collected. This section also describes the development process of this survey including data collection, dates and means. The results of the survey are analysed in the third section starting with a discussion on the coverage of accessibility instruments reviewed by this research (Section 4.3.1), identifying accessibility measure types which are represented and which are absent. This discussion is accompanied by the presentation of the main categories of accessibility instruments from the perspective of the end user. These categories try to summarize the main concerns planning practitioners are expected to have when searching for an accessibility instrument and is built upon some of the information collected by the survey. Following, the third section also presents a general analysis of the results (Section 4.3.2), focussing on the dominant characteristics of the accessibility instruments reviewed and on the developer’s perception of the usefulness their instrument will have for end users. The section ends with a brief cross analysis of results (Section 4.3.3) trying to identify relationships between accessibility instrument characteristics and perceptions of usefulness by developers. The fourth and last section presents the main conclusions of this study.

La médecine indigène comme instrument normatif social: l’exemple du corps malade navajo

La médecine traditionnelle indigène peut parfois se poser comme un instrument normatif désignant le malade comme celui qui transgresse l‘ordre établi par les ancêtres sacrés et permet à la maladie d‘advenir. Un tiers malveillant ou un sorcier peuvent également être les causes du désordre physiologique et moral du corps social communautaire. L‘étiologie navajo repose sur deux phénomènes : l‘existence de sociosomas (troubles liés à une mauvaise relation à l‘entourage) et de mouvements d‘exclusion ou d‘inclusion du corps étranger, de la conduite déviante. L‘étude de la figure du malade dans les mythes soulignera l‘aspect normatif des thérapeutiques navajo. Enfin, une réflexion sur la justification idéologique de l‘intégration des pratiques ancestrales au protocole de soin montrera dans quelle mesure la collaboration entre praticiens traditionnels et personnels de santé contribue à stigmatiser le malade comme l‘épitome de toutes les déviances : par rapport à la tradition mais aussi au modèle social dominant.

Exploring the experience of stigma in severe mental illness : a Portuguese contribution to the validation of a psychometric instrument

RESUMO: Fizemos uma análise da evolução do conceito de estigma, das suas correlações e das suas consequências e analisámos os instrumentos psicométricos utilizados para estudar experiências pessoais de estigma. Revimos os principais estudos de investigação sobre estigma em Portugal. Revimos, igualmente, os estudos relevantes utilizando o “Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire” (CESQ) e as propriedades psicométricas já documentadas. O nosso estudo teve como objetivos: explorar as experiências de estigma numa amostra portuguesa de pessoas com perturbação mental grave e contribuir para a documentação das propriedades psicométricas do “Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire” e para a validação da sua versão portuguesa. Fizemos um estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico, recolhemos dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e medimos as experiências de estigma e o funcionamento global. A frequência das respostas da secção de estigma foi semelhante à dos restantes estudos utilizando a CESQ. A frequência das respostas na secção de discriminação foi ligeiramente inferior à reportada noutros estudos. Verificámos a existência de uma associação entre a pontuação da subescala de discriminação, o sexo masculino e o facto de se viver na comunidade. A pontuação da subescala de discriminação está também correlacionada de forma positiva com o funcionamento global. Os alfas de Cronbach para a CESQ e para as suas subescalas foram considerados bons. Os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse foram igualmente considerados igualmente bons. Utilizando técnicas de análise fatorial, verificámos que a maior parte dos itens da CESQ se enquadrava em dois fatores, correspondendo sensivelmente às subescalas definidas previamente. Concluímos que o presente estudo explorou com sucesso a questão do estigma em Portugal, contribuindo em simultâneo para a validação do “Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire.--------------ABSTRACT: We reviewed the evolution of concept of stigma, its correlates and consequences, and analysed psychometric instruments that were used to study personal experiences of stigma. We provided an insight over research of stigma in Portugal. We reviewed relevant studies that use Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire and documented psychometric properties of this instrument. Our study aimed both to explore experiences of stigma in a Portuguese sample of people with severe mental illness and to contribute to the assessment of the psychometric properties of Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire and to the validation of its Portuguese translation. We performed a cross sectional descriptive and analytic study, collected socio-demographic data and measured experiences of stigma and global functioning. Frequency of responses regarding stigma section of CESQ matched previous studies using that scale. Frequency of responses in discrimination section was slightly lower than previously reported studies. We found an association between the discrimination score of CESQ and both male gender and living in the community. The discrimination score also positively correlated with global functioning. Cronbach alphas for CESQ and its subscales were good. Intraclass correlation coefficients for CESQ and stigma subscale were also good. Using factor analysis we found most of the items in CESQ would fit 2 factors, grossly corresponding to the previously defined subscales. We conclude that this study successfully explored stigma in Portugal, contributing in simultaneous to the validation of Consumer Experiences Questionnaire.

The effectiveness of the “Processo Especial de Revitalização” as an instrument of corporate restructuring in the context of the current economic crisis

This work project intends to evaluate the effectiveness of the Portuguese Government’s strategy to promote the orderly deleveraging of the corporate sector in the context of the current economic crisis. The recommendations of the Troika and the commitments assumed under the Memorandum of Understanding signed by the Government in 2011 required the creation of formal processes to avoid disorderly deleveraging. Conclusions and recommendations were drawn based on past experiences of large-scale corporate restructuring strategies in other countries and on the analysis of financial and statistical data on companies applying for “Programa Especial de Revitalização”.

Le développement de la temporalité : théorie et instrument de mesure du temps notionnel chez l'enfant

Les aléas du développement de la temporalité chez l'enfant passent souvent inaperçus, masqués par divers troubles psychopathologiques. Le temps constitue toutefois une dimension essentielle de l'adaptation scolaire, familiale ou sociale. En première partie, cet article retrace la psychogenèse de la temporalité et plus particulièrement le développement du temps notionnel et le développement des notions cinématiques. La seconde partie est consacrée à la présentation du questionnaire temporel pour l'enfant (QTE), étalonné sur un échantillon de 153 enfants de 6 à 13 ans. Cet instrument d'évaluation du temps notionnel offre au clinicien un outil de screening permettant d'identifier les difficultés temporelles chez les enfants.

La concurrence : un instrument de maîtrise des coûts de la santé?

[Table des matières] 1. Les acteurs du système suisse de santé : les assureurs maladies, les fournisseurs de prestations, l'Etat, les assurés patients. 2. Quelle concurrence pour quelle organisation? : 2.1 Concurrence entre fournisseurs de prestations: Références étrangères (Grande-Bretagne, USA, Pays-Bas); Le système suisse: Financement et planification, Conventions tarifaires, Un élement indispensable à la concurrence: l'information. 2.2 Concurrence entre assureurs maladie. 3. Nouvelles formes d'organisation : 3.1 Les Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO); 3.2 Les HMO en Suisse: un moyen d'endiguer la croissance des coûts; 3.3 Les Nouvelles Orientations de Politique Sanitaire (NOPS); 3.4 La concurrence dans le cadre des réseaux intégrés.