Public health assessment, Liberty Industrial Finishing Corporation, Farmingdale, Nassau County, New York /

"March 22, 2005; CERCLIS no. NYD000337295."

Public health consultation, 1,4-dioxane in private drinking water, Mohonk Road site, hamlet of High Falls, Ulster County, New York /

"June 22, 2005; CERCLIS No. NYD986950012."

Public health assessment, Mohonk Road Industrial Plant site, High Falls, Ulster County, New York /

"February 1, 2001; Cerclis No. NYD986950012."

Public health assessment, Diaz Chemical Corporation, January 5, 2002 air release, village of Holley, Orleans County, New York /

"Diaz Chemical Corporation's January 5, 2002 air release, summary of draft public health assessment and next steps , revised November 29, 2002" ([3] p.) inserted.

Public health consultation : Holtsville residential area, Holtsville, Farmingville, Holbrook and Lake Ronkonkoma communities : Suffolk County, New York /

"December 13, 2005; CERCLIS No. NYXCRA270000."

Public health assessment : Lawrence Aviation Industries : Port Jefferson Station, Suffolk County, New York /

"November 29, 2005; CERCLIS No. NYD002041531."

Public health consultation, Diaz Chemical Corporation, January 5, 2002 air release : dioxins in residential soil, village of Holley, Orleans County, New York /

"CERCLIS No. NYD067532580."

Public health assessment, Hudson Technologies Inc., village of Hillburn, Rockland County, New York /

"CERCLIS No. NY0001392463."

Public health assessment, Peninsula Boulevard groundwater plume, town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York /

Cover title.

Public health assessment : Stanton Cleaners area groundwater contamination site : Great Neck, Nassau County, New York /

"November 30, 2005; CERCLIS No. NYD047650197."

Human health risk assessment for the use of pesticides in USDA Forest Service nurseries /

"FS ; 412"

Levels of physical activity for colon cancer prevention compared with generic public health recommendations: Population prevalence and sociodemographic correlates

Background: The proportion of Australian adults achieving physical activity levels believed to be sufficient for colon cancer prevention was estimated, and sociodemographic correlates (age, gender, educational attainment, occupation, marital status, and children in household) of meeting these levels of activity were analyzed. Methods: Data from the 2000 National Physical Activity Survey were used to estimate the prevalence of participation in physical activity in relation to three criteria: generic public health recommendations, weekly amount of at least moderate-intensity physical activity currently believed to reduce risk of colon cancer, and weekly amount of vigorous-intensity physical activity believed to reduce risk of colon cancer. Results: Overall, 46% of adults met the generic public health criterion, 26% met the colon cancer criterion based on participation in at least moderate-intensity physical activity, and 10% met the colon cancer criterion based on vigorous-intensity physical activity. Women were less likely than men to meet the colon cancer criteria. Younger and more educated persons were more likely to meet all three criteria. The most pronounced differences between gender, age, and educational attainment groups were found for meeting the amount of vigorous-intensity physical activity believed to reduce risk of colon cancer. Conclusions: The population prevalence for meeting proposed physical activity criteria for colon cancer prevention is low and much lower than that related to the more generic public health recommendations. If further epidemiologic studies confirm that high volumes and intensities of activity are required, the public health challenges for colon cancer will be significant.

Science-policy in environmental and health risk assessment: if we cannot do without, can we do better?

How can empirical evidence of adverse effects from exposure to noxious agents, which is often incomplete and uncertain, be used most appropriately to protect human health? We examine several important questions on the best uses of empirical evidence in regulatory risk management decision-making raised by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s science-policy concerning uncertainty and variability in human health risk assessment. In our view, the US EPA (and other agencies that have adopted similar views of risk management) can often improve decision-making by decreasing reliance on default values and assumptions, particularly when causation is uncertain. This can be achieved by more fully exploiting decision-theoretic methods and criteria that explicitly account for uncertain, possibly conflicting scientific beliefs and that can be fully studied by advocates and adversaries of a policy choice, in administrative decision-making involving risk assessment. The substitution of decision-theoretic frameworks for default assumption-driven policies also allows stakeholder attitudes toward risk to be incorporated into policy debates, so that the public and risk managers can more explicitly identify the roles of risk-aversion or other attitudes toward risk and uncertainty in policy recommendations. Decision theory provides a sound scientific way explicitly to account for new knowledge and its effects on eventual policy choices. Although these improvements can complicate regulatory analyses, simplifying default assumptions can create substantial costs to society and can prematurely cut off consideration of new scientific insights (e.g., possible beneficial health effects from exposure to sufficiently low 'hormetic' doses of some agents). In many cases, the administrative burden of applying decision-analytic methods is likely to be more than offset by improved effectiveness of regulations in achieving desired goals. Because many foreign jurisdictions adopt US EPA reasoning and methods of risk analysis, it may be especially valuable to incorporate decision-theoretic principles that transcend local differences among jurisdictions.

Socioeconomic disadvantage and changes in health risk behaviours in Australia: 1989-90 to 2001

Objective. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated in industrialized countries with unhealthy lifestyle characteristics, such as smoking, physical inactivity and being overweight or obese. This paper examines changes over time in the association between SES and smoking status, physical activity and being overweight or obese in Australia. Methods. Data were taken from three successive national health surveys in Australia carried out in 1989-90 (n = 54 576), 1995 (n = 53 828) and 2001 (n = 26 863). Participants in these surveys were selected using a national probability sampling strategy, and aggregated data for geographical areas are used to determine the changing association between SES and lifestyle over time. Findings. Overall, men had less healthy lifestyles, In 2001 inverse SES trends for both men and women showed that those living in lower SES areas were more likely to smoke and to be sedentary and obese, There were some important socioeconomic changes over the period 1989-90 to 2001. The least socioeconomically disadvantaged areas had the largest decrease in the percentage of people smoking tobacco (24% decrease for men and 12% for women) and the largest decrease in the percentage of people reporting sedentary activity levels (25% decrease for men and 22% for women). While there has been a general increase in the percentage over time of those who are overweight or obese, there is a modest trend for being overweight to have increased (by about 16% only among females) among those living in areas of higher SES. Conclusion. Socioeconomic inequalities have been increasing for several key risk behaviours related to health; this suggests that T specific population-based prevention strategies intended to reduce health inequalities are needed.