O corpo no espaço e no tempo: a educação física no Estado-Novo: (1937-1945)

O corpo humano, em qualquer sociedade, é objeto de adestramento e socialização de acordo com as representações próprias a cada cultura. No Brasil, além das agências e processos de socialização informal, privilegia-se durante o Estado Novo (1937-1945) uma agência para exercer especificamente esta tarefa. Neste período a Educação Física se consubstancia como disciplina obrigatória em estabelecimentos de ensino. O novo programa, ao mesmo tempo que modela os "corpos", pretende incutir nos "espíritos" as representações "oficiais" da sociedade brasileira: aperfeiçoamento da raça, sentimento nacionalista, unidade nacional e a nova ordem social. Por possuir técnicas que se caracterizam por sua sutileza e: dissimulação, a Educação Física valora explicitamente locais e relações sociais supostamente qualificados de "naturais", "livres" e "amplos", mas que são contextualizados, entretanto, num quadro - rígido de disciplina.

Teorias de calibre supersimétricas formuladas num espaço-tempo não-comutativo tetradimensional

A relação com a teoria das cordas renovou o interesse nas teorias quânticas de campo formuladas num espaço-tempo não-comutativo. O principal aspecto dessas teorias é o assim chamado "mecanismo UV/IR", segundo o qual divergências ultravioletas são parcialmente convertidas em infravermelhas. Para certos modelos, estas singularidades infravermelhas originadas do mecanismo UV/IR podem inviabilizar a solução perturbativa da teoria de campos. A questão principal, portanto, é encontrar teorias que sejam consistentes quando formuladas num espaço-tempo não-comutativo, sendo os modelos supersimétricos particularmente promissores neste sentido. Neste trabalho, examinamos as teorias de calibre supersimétricas Abelianas (NCSQED) e não-Abelianas com grupo de calibre U(N) (NCSYM) formuladas num espaço-tempo não-comutativo de quatro dimensões. Emambos os casos, calculamos as funções de vértice utilizando o formalismo covariante de supercampos que é tornado completamente operacional. Consideramos tanto as teorias N = 1 quanto as com supersimetria estendida. Mostramos rigorosamente que, a um laço da teoria de perturbações, estes modelos são livres de singularidades infravermelhas UV/IR não-integráveis. Para a função de dois pontos da NCSQED esta afirmação vale em qualquer calibre, ao passo que, para a função de três pontos, as singularidades infravermelhas UV/IR perigosas se anulam num calibre particular. Já para a NCSYM, demonstramos que as correções quânticas às funções de vértice de dois e três pontos não apresentam os efeitos indesejáveis do mecanismo UV/IR graças a certas relações envolvendo traços dos geradores do grupo de calibre que, surpreendentemente, são satisfeitas apenas na representação fundamental do grupoU (N). Como esperado, a função de dois pontos é também finita na teoria N = 4.

A dimensão social do desenho: um estudo sobre as interações no processo de (re) construção imagética da criança no Ensino Fundamental

In the historical-cultural perspective, the drawing is processed by means of a shared and complex way, under diverse relations with the other and with the immersed signs of the culture. That is, something constituted by the social interactions and that can modify the structure of the psychological functions, therefore as socialized sign, propitiates the incorporation of the functions socially. In this way, the figuration carrier sensitive and established meanings historically disclosing the shared experiences and the ways of the subject to think and perceive the world. Such reflections gave shape to the main problem of this research: how to think over about the drawing at the school to incide in the reconstruction of the childs imaginative language? Under such perspective, this work deals with the interactions in the production process of the drawing of the children in a context of teach-Iearning of the elementary school having as goal to analyze the interactions established in the cIassroom in the process of production of the drawings; to propose situations of learnings that favor the advance graphical expression of the students; and to identify in the interactive games some relations between body expression and drawing. For its accomplishment, it was opted for the construction process based in the collaborative investigation by the fact to propitiate negotiations, sharing and confrontation of ideas, becoming possible a joint construction of the knowledge. For this research, the researcher and the collaborating teacher, as well as the involved children, become themselves into co-authors of the context studied. As locus of the research, it was chosen a first cycle class, with 30 students, from Municipal School Profª. Emília Ramos (Natal/RN - Brazil), whose election took in account the fact of this school to constitute in a promotional space of reflections and professional development of teachers in service and, at the same time, for presentinglimitations theoretic- methodological in the field of teaching for Arts. In the process of the research, it was perceived that the children with the support of the verbal language formulates meanings on the seen and imagined object, printing lines and forms that if overlap to the physiological aspects of the visual perception. That is, the drawing discloses a reality appraised, enriched for the picked up vision of the image, but the meanings established for the author, or observer who becomes it perceivable and identified. In the systemizing situations, it was observed that the teaching-Iearning process of the drawing, implies a co-construction between teachers and learners. And, moreover, the necessity to interlace emotion and cognition by means of plastic-corporal interactions that foment drawing experiences, whose process concurs for the imagenative reconstruct of the apprentices

A escrita do tempo e a poética do espaço:história e espaço no livro Geografia do Brasil Holandês de Luís da Câmara Cascudo

In 1956, Luís da Câmara Cascudo published his book Geografia do Brasil Holandês. In this book, he studied and described a space - the Dutch Brazil - from a geographical and historical perspective. To do this, he articulated both perspectives from the point of view of his own reading of the History of Nordeste , establishing a dialogue with the historiographical tradition of the study of the Dutch Brazil in Pernambuco. When portraying the Dutch presence in Nordeste, Cascudo articulated a drama in which the Dutch would have their history described as a typically tragic plot, portrayed as if they were already condemned to failure in advance. To this tragedy he opposed a predominantly comic Portuguese plot, as if the Portuguese victory over the Dutch was as desirable as inevitable for the space of Nordeste . When narrating the clash between the Dutch and the Portuguese for the space of Nordeste , however, Cascudo ended up delineating his own place of speech, as a spokesperson for the identity of the potiguar space in opposition to the pernabucano space described by Freyre and Gonsalves de Mello. In this way, the space of Rio Grande do Norte would have its own identity, constructed from de Dutch absence and constituted from the Portuguese legacy contrarily to the space of Pernambuco, narrated from an articulation and a conciliation of the Flemish and Lusitan legacy, even though highlighting the latter. While the Dutch would had been a constant presence in the history of Pernambuco for Freyre and Gonsalves de Mello, they wouldn t have gone beyond legend in the space of Rio Grande do Norte, removed from its geography and erased from its history. When describing de geography of the potiguar space, therefore, Cascudo articulates the inexistence of the History of a time dominated by the Fleming with the search of a Portuguese space, trough the narration of its origins and constitution, as well as the registry of the characteristics of its legacy

Identidade, espaço e tempo: negociações de sentido sobre a "gente de rua"

This research examines the street children s identity construction processes. Recently, the research about this population has focused on the socialization processes that organize their everyday, their situations of interaction, the meanings of their social practices, their street experience. The concept of identitary forms gives coherence to the set of these phenomena, articulating them theoretically, in order to describe their life conditions and details of their trajectories. This research utilized an ethnographic approach with a group of 11 street people, 9 of them boys and girls 16-18 years old, during 3 months. It included participant observation, informal and formal interviews, that resulted in young s narratives of lifestory. These narratives were interpreted according to the principles of positioning analysis and the Labovian Analysis model of oral narratives of personal experience. The observation of interaction among the studied group and other groups has showed that their social practices, supported on many particular bodily technologies, recreate space and time of these interactions semantically, as mediation of meaning negotiations among groups. Such meanings transform again the environment of these interactions, disclosing interpretative systems by means of which the groups apprehend this interaction in a particular way. These street children s bodily technologies imply identitary forms based on scarcity and abandonment, paradoxicalally related to their self-concept. The analysis of narratives revealed diversity and complexity in the meanings assembly for their street experience; it showed that the semantic arrangements reconstruct the temporal experience, creating a moral climate for each lifestory, and determining more or less aperture of identitary forms to change. The study concludes that space and time, builders of interaction regimes, produce identitary forms; that the narratives and the social practices of the studied group are sustained upon a master discourse that opposes the meanings of the home and the life in the streets

O carnaval de Natal/RN: espaço dos "índios" no tempo de folia

A cidade de Natal/RN apresenta-se como palco para múltiplas manifestações culturais, entre as quais se encontram as tribos de índios carnavalescas. O presente estudo procurará compreender a produção do carnaval destas agremiações enquanto uma manifestação de lazer e trabalho. Pautado numa visão pluralista, percebemos que os vários usos do espaço implicam em territorialidades que envolvem as dimensões política, econômica e simbólica, intermediadas pela cultura. Sob a análise proposta, pretendemos desvendar as dinâmicas espaciais e os vários agentes sociais que engendram relações de poder, trabalho e sociabilidades, mostrando neste mundo carnavalesco seus aspectos culturais e suas práticas sociais, guardando, em seu cerne, o caráter popular e ordinário do cotidiano. A pesquisa mostra que, para além da racionalidade hegemônica, existem outras racionalidades, manifestadas em microterritorialidades, que acionam mecanismos e táticas cotidianas, valorizando-se o fenômeno do estar-junto, existentes no interior dos centros urbanos, nos bairros e nas ruas

Modelos geoestatísticos espaço-tempo aplicados a dados pluviométricos no oeste do Estado de São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo comparativo acerca do espaço e do tempo em O gato preto e O processo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Um rio entre duas mundividências: leituras do espaço em Um rio chamado tempo, uma casa chamada terra, de Mia Couto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O tempo e o espaço do comércio 24 horas na metrópole paulista

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Da geografia medieval às origens da geografia moderna: contrastes entre diferentes noções de natureza, espaço e tempo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)