Enhancing tris(2,2'-bipyridI)ruthenium(II) chemiluminescence

In this thesis, chemiluminescence, that is light from a chemical reaction, was applied to the determination of pharmaceuticals, amines, and organic acids. The detection of organic acids was improved substantially through the manipulation of the speed of reaction and the use of silver nanoparticles in both solution and solid states.

Selective chemical measurement based upon chemiluminescence detection

This thesis describes the utilisation of chemiluminescence (chemically generated light) for clinical diagnosis and process monitoring. Innovative instrumentation was developed for the direct monitoring of toxin levels in patients undergoing haemodialysis. This unique approach enables the efficacy of individual treatments to be continuously assessed thus enhancing patient outcomes.

Plant bioactive determinations using flow analysis, chromatography with chemiluminescence detection

The development of rapid analytical methodologies for the determination of plant bioactives including antioxidants, amino acids and opium alkaloids was investigated using novel flow analysis and liquid chromatographic techniques. These methodologies were applied to the wine, food and pharmaceutical industries.

Investigations of Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) as a chirally selective chemiluminescence reagent

Enantiomers of Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) were selectively resolved and utilised in chiral kinetic studies. Instrumentation was designed and built for the collection of kinetic data from their chemiluminescence reactions. After testing the kinetic profiles of various enantiomerically pure analyte reagent combinations, results proved to be inconclusive and further testing is still required.

Design, synthesis and preliminary analytical evaluation of water soluble reagents for peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence

Describes the investigation into a number of facets of the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence reaction, and the application of this chemistry to the detection of certain analytes under purely aqueous conditions.

Determination of sodium oxalate in Bayer process liquors using flow analysis with tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chemiluminescence detection

The research was a detailed investigation into a challenging analytical chemistry problem for the alumina industry. The successful outcomes were derived through innovative reagent chemistry and novel instrumental development. The resultant methodology and instrumentation deployed on this most demanding sample matrix is more robust, reliable and less expensive than anything currently used in this industry worldwide.

Chemiluminescence from the reaction of tin(II) with tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III)

Unlike many other metal and metalloid ions, tin(II) elicits intense, analytically useful chemiluminescence upon reaction with tris(2,2΄-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) in acidic aqueous solution. This finding provides new insight into the nature of this widely used reagent and has enabled the first direct, selective determination of a metal ion with tris(2,2΄-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III).

Chemiluminescence from reactions with bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes in acidic aqueous solution

Chemical reactions between certain bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes, cerium(IV) and organic reducing agents in aqueous solution produce an emission of light which in some cases is more intense than that from analogous reactions with conventional ruthenium-based reagents, thus providing a new avenue for chemically-initiated luminescence detection.

Emitting species in chemiluminescence reactions with acidic potassium permanganate : a re-evaluation based on new spectroscopic evidence

The reaction of acidic potassium permanganate with a wide range of compounds is known to produce a broad red emission, and there is strong evidence for an excited manganese(II) emitting species. Nevertheless, numerous researchers have proposed other emitters for reactions with acidic potassium permanganate, particularly for systems where fluorescent compounds were present, either as enhancers or reaction products. We have examined many reactions of this type and found that, in most cases, the same red emission was produced. There were, however, some exceptions, including the oxidation of dihydralazine, certain thiols and sulphite (each in the presence of an enhancer).

Precision milled flow-cells for chemiluminescence detection

Novel flow-cells with integrated confluence points and reaction channels designed for efficient mixing of fast chemiluminescence systems were constructed by machining opposing sides of a polymer chip and sealing the channels with transparent epoxy-acetate films. A hole drilled through the chip provided the conduit from the confluence point on one side to the centre of the reaction zone on the other side, allowing rapid presentation of the reacting mixture to the photodetector. The effectiveness of each flow-cell was evaluated by comparing the chemiluminescence intensity using flow injection analysis methodology, and examining the distribution of light emanating from the reaction zone (captured by photography in a dark room) when the reactants were continuously merged. Although previously reported chemiluminescence detectors constructed by machining channels into polymers have almost exclusively been prepared using transparent materials, we obtained far greater emission intensities using an opaque white chip with a thin transparent seal, which minimised the loss of light through surfaces not exposed to the photomultiplier tube. Furthermore, this approach enabled the exploration of reactor designs that could not be incorporated in traditional coiled-tubing flow-cells.