Incongruence between test statistics and P values in medical papers

Given an observed test statistic and its degrees of freedom, one may compute the observed P value with most statistical packages. It is unknown to what extent test statistics and P values are congruent in published medical papers. Methods: We checked the congruence of statistical results reported in all the papers of volumes 409–412 of Nature (2001) and a random sample of 63 results from volumes 322–323 of BMJ (2001). We also tested whether the frequencies of the last digit of a sample of 610 test statistics deviated from a uniform distribution (i.e., equally probable digits).Results: 11.6% (21 of 181) and 11.1% (7 of 63) of the statistical results published in Nature and BMJ respectively during 2001 were incongruent, probably mostly due to rounding, transcription, or type-setting errors. At least one such error appeared in 38% and 25% of the papers of Nature and BMJ, respectively. In 12% of the cases, the significance level might change one or more orders of magnitude. The frequencies of the last digit of statistics deviated from the uniform distribution and suggested digit preference in rounding and reporting.Conclusions: this incongruence of test statistics and P values is another example that statistical practice is generally poor, even in the most renowned scientific journals, and that quality of papers should be more controlled and valued

A qualitative analysis of immigrant population health practices in the Girona Healthcare Region

The research we present here forms part of a two-phase project - one quantitative and the other qualitative - assessing the use of primary health care services. This paper presents the qualitative phase of said research, which is aimed at ascertaining the needs, beliefs, barriers to access and health practices of the immigrant population in comparison with the native population, as well as the perceptions of healthcare professionals. Moroccan and sub-Saharan were the immigrants to who the qualitative phase was specifically addressed. The aims of this paper are as follows: to analyse any possible implications of family organisation in the health practices of the immigrant population; to ascertain social practices relating to illness; to understand the significances of sexual and reproductive health practices; and to ascertain the ideas and perceptions of immigrants, local people and professionals regarding health and the health system. Methods: qualitative research based on discursive analysis. Data gathering techniques consisted of discussion groups with health system users and semi-structured individual interviews with healthcare professionals. The sample was taken from the Basic Healthcare Areas of Salt and Banyoles (belonging to the Girona Healthcare Region), the discussion groups being comprised of (a) 6 immigrant Moroccan women, (b) 7 immigrant sub-Saharan African women and (c) 6 immigrant and native population men (2 native men, 2 Moroccan men and 2 sub-Saharan men); and the semi-structured interviews being conducted with the following healthcare professionals: (a) 3 gynaecologists, (b) 3 nurses and 1 administrative staff. Results: use of the healthcare system is linked to the perception of not being well, knowledge of the healthcare system, length of time resident in Spain and interiorization of traditional Western medicine as a cure mechanism. The divergences found among the groups of immigrants, local people and healthcare professionals with regard to healthcare education, use of the healthcare service, sexual and reproductive healthcare and reticence with regard to being attended by healthcare personnel of the opposite sex demonstrate a need to work with the immigrant population as a heterogeneous group. Conclusions: the results we have obtained support the idea that feeling unwell is a psycho-social process, as it takes place within a specific socio-cultural situation and spans a range of beliefs, perceptions and ideas regarding symptomology and how to treat it

[Ressenya del llibre] Susann Fischer: The Catalan Clitic System. A Diachronic Perspective on its Syntax and Phonology (Mouton de Gruyter, Berlín,2002)

Comentari al llibre de Susann Fischer, 'The Catalan Clitic System: A Diachronic Perspective on its Syntax and Phonology', que segons les autores de la ressenya constitueix una bona introducció a un tema de gran interès per als estudis històrics: la posició dels pronoms àtons en català i en altres llengües romàniques

Els Precedents de la catedral gòtica

Sobre els precedents de la catedral gòtica de Girona en base la prospecció geofísica i la recerca arqueològica realitzades als anys 1998-1999

La Civilització solutriana a Catalunya

Sobre la civilització solutriana, que des d'un punt de vista cronològic i cultural es va desenvolupar al bell mig del paleolític superior, a Catalunya

Dr. Pere de Palol i Salellas: In memoriam

Article en memòria del Dr. Pere de Palol i Salellas, president d'Honor de l'Institut d'Estudis Gironins, que va morir a Barcelona el 4 de desembre del 2005

El jaciment paleolític de Cal Coix (Maçanet de la Selva)

Descripció del jaciment arqueològic de Cal Coix, al terme municipal de Maçanet de la Selva. Es descriuen els fragments trobats pel seu descobridor, Francerc Riuró, i per Miquel Oliva i Josep M.Corominas, i dipositats al Museu Arqueològic Provincial de Girona

Jaciment prehistòric del «Roc de la Melca» i la seva cronologia: Sant Aniol de Finestres (Girona)

Descripció del jaciment arqueològic del 'Roc de la Melca', en la vall de Sant Aniol de Finestres (Girona). Es descriuen la indústria lítica i els problemes que presenta la cronologia del 'Roc de la Melca'

Josep Mª. Corominas i Planellas (Llançà, 1906-Serinyà, 1984)

Article en memòria del Dr. Josep Mª. Corominas i Planellas, que va morir a Serinyà el 8 de juliol de 1984

El Palau Episcopal de Girona al segle XV

Article que descriu com era el Palau Episcopal de Girona a mitjans del segle XV a través de dos documents antics sobre reparacions realitzades al palau, un del 1437 i un altre del 1460