Comercio y pobreza en Paraguay: el caso de una cadena de valor agroindustrial

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La industria cinematográfica en México y su participación en la cadena global de valor

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El desarrollo de cadenas de valor agroindustriales en Costa Rica, El Salvador y Nicaragua: el caso de estudio de la agroindustria láctea

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Políticas para la inserción de las microempresas y las pequeñas y medianas empresas en cadenas globales de valor en América Latina

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Estudo de perfil de dissolução dos medicamentos de referência, genérico e similar contendo cefalexina na forma farmacêutica cápsula

With recent advances in technology and research into drug delivery, the modernization of tests and greater emphasis on the predictability of therapeutic effect by means of in vitro tests, the dissolution test and the study of dissolution profiles are gaining more and more importance. Though introduced initially as a way of characterizing the release profile of poorly soluble drugs, dissolution tests are currently part of pharmacopoeial monographs on almost all the oral solid pharmaceutical forms. The objective of this study was to determine the dissolution profile (percent drug dissolved versus time) of the pioneer brand, generic and similar pharmaceutical capsules containing 500mg cephalexin. Three pharmaceutical brands (reference, generic and similar) were subjected to the dissolution test and in vitro dissolution profiles were recorded. From the results of the dissolution test, it was concluded that the samples met the acceptance criterion, as no difference was observed in the percentage of the drug dissolved in a standard time. The dissolution profile indicated that this medicine, in this pharmaceutical form, dissolves readily (85% of the drug dissolved in 15 minutes) and the curves showed great similarity, suggesting that the 3 brands are pharmaceutically equivalent.

Evaluando la equidad vertical y horizontal en el impuesto al valor agregado y el impuesto a la renta: el impacto de reformas tributarias potenciales. Los casos del Ecuador, Guatemala y el Paraguay

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Valor preditivo do potencial de implantação embrionário pela análise do perfil químico de meios de cultivo por espectrometria de massas (ESI-Q-ToF)

Objective: This case-control study analyzed mass spectrometry fingerprinting patterns of culture media samples used for embryo culture to predict embryo implantation. Methods: The culture medium harvested after embryo transfer of 22 embryos from 13 patients was used for the experiments. After embryo transfer, the remaining culture media were collected and samples were split in positive (n=8) and negative (n=14) implantation groups according to implantation outcomes (100% or 0% of implantation). Samples were individually diluted and injected directly to the Electrospray ionization (ESI) MS coupled to a Quadrupole Time-of-flight MS (Q-ToF-MS).Ions relative intensities of each spectrum were considered. Data analysis was conducted in MatLab 7.0 version using Partial Least Squares - Discriminant Analysis toolbox. Results: There were 3027 observed ions at 100% and 0% implantation groups by ESI-Q-ToF-MS. The statistical model could categorize the samples in two clusters, based on their positive and negative implantation outcomes. Less intense ions present in the mass spectra with statistical significance have contributed to the major differences to group distinction. Conclusions: Positive and negative implantation embryos showed a specific biochemical pattern present in culture media, which could be detected as a fast, simple and non-invasive way. This biochemical profile could help the selection of the most viable embryo, improving single embryo transfer and thus eliminating the risk and undesirable outcomes of multiple pregnancies. © Todos os direitos reservados a SBRA - Sociedade Brasileira de Reprodução Assistida.

Bibliotecas, arquivos e museus como centros de referência na dimensão cultural das comunidades

With the evolution of the organizations theory, new management practices have transformed the institutions. The improvement of these management practices in cultural unities (UCs) is constant, and interacts in the international axis, since each unity increasingly communicate with other. As a reflection of organizational administrative practices, UCs had developed and assumed the organizational theories to make easy a framework for effective management practices. Comprehending the importance of the studies on UCs requires both a new approach of existing public politics for this field, and the recognition of the Information Science knowledge on area. In this way, it was planned to develop a model constituting a tool for managers in these institutions through the experience of laboratory works carried out with researchers from the European community. Libraries and museums are institutions that operate in the social process of their communities and the archives establish their structural spaces in parallel with the political, economic and social environments of the communities, translate the society and its organic sphere of informational performance. The information transposes a cyclical and essential role for the arrangement of the effective and necessary record to the organizational process and the institutional growth. Studies of this nature contribute to value a economy based on knowledge, and its production emphasizes the human capital that permeates the condition of the information in support for the development of communities and the growth of the organizational environment in political, social and cultural spheres.

Perfil Fermentativo e Valor Nutritivo de Silagem de Capim-Elefante Inoculada com Streptococcus Bovis

The experiment was developed to evaluate the effect of strains of Streptococcus bovis (HC5 and JB1) on pH, ammonia production and nutritional value in elephant-grass silages (Pennisetum purpureum Schum). The experimental design was entirely randomized, with three treatments: T1 - elephant- grass, T2 - grass-elephant inoculated with Streptococcus bovis HC5, T3 - elephant grass inoculated with Streptococcus bovis JB1, totaling five replicates per treatment. The smallest value of ammonia was observed in the silage treated with inoculante the base Streptococcus bovis JB1 (5.90% N-total). Inoculation increased the levels of lactic acid and decreased levels of acetic, propionic and butyric acids, and the silages inoculated with Streptococcus bovis JB1 and HC5 were those with the highest values of lactic acid. There were not statistical differences for the tenors of dry matter (MS) and crude protein (PB). For the values of the fibers, the grass-elephant silage inoculated with Streptococcus bovis JB1, it presented the smallest value of neutral detergent fiber (59.77 %) and Hemicellulose (26.71 %). The largest value of in vitro dry matter digestibility (DIVMS) was observed in the silage with Streptococcus bovis JB1, showing superiority of four percentile points (64.23 %) in relation to the treatment without bacterial inoculante (60.35 %). The use Streptococcus bovis JB1 was efficient in the process fermentativo besides promoting would get better in the quality of the fiber and DIVMS in the studied silage.

Estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência com uso do Irrigâmetro em Vitória da conquista/BA

The Irrigameter is aevapotranspiration measuring device used in irrigation management to optimize water. However, its use requires a prior adjustment to weather conditions where it will be used. The objective of this study was identify the corresponding height of water level inside the evaporimeterIrrigameter that estimate reference evapotranspiration in climate of the plateau of Vitoria da Conquista - BA, in different seasons. The experiment was a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. For each treatment was determined an average coefficient for the Irrigameter called K I, calculated as the ratio of estimated evapotranspiration in Irrigameter (ET I) and reference evapotranspiration (ET 0). The ET 0 was obtained by the Penman-Monteith - FAO 56. The results showed that the coefficients of Irrigameter increased exponentially with increasing water level inside the evaporimeter, and the equipment must be operated with the water level equal to 5.2 cm for better estimation of ET 0. The remaining heights observed in different seasons showed no significant difference when compared to annual average used as a reference in this study.