Reacondicionamiento sísmico de pórticos de hormigón armado con relleno de mampostería

Tanto las investigaciones experimentales y numéricas como las observaciones llevadas a cabo en áreas afectadas por terremotos aportan de forma continua nuevos datos sobre el comportamiento sísmico de las construcciones. Los avances en este campo redundan en normativas más exigentes y sistemas constructivos más efectivos. Dentro de la ingeniería sísmica, uno de los objetivos está en proporcionar métodos simplificados de evaluación del daño potencial en una estructura sometida a acciones sísmicas como forma de medir la posible reparabilidad de la misma. En el presente trabajo se propone una técnica de reacondicionamiento sísmico aplicada a pórticos de hormigón armado con relleno de mampostería. La eficiencia de dicha técnica es evaluada mediante ensayos experimentales. Asimismo se propone un modelo numérico simplificado de evaluación de daño estructural cuya validación es llevada a cabo con los resultados experimentales anteriores.

Dynamic stiffness analysis of bridge abutments

Strong motion records obtained in instrumented short-span bridges show the importance of the abutments in the dynamic response of the structure. Existing models study the pier foundation influence but not the abutment performance. This work proposes two and three dimensional boundary element models in the frequency domain and studies the dimensionless dynamic stiffness of standard bridge abutments.

Mechanical properties of self-consolidating concrete using conventional concrete models

The objective of this study is to analyze the applicability of current models used for estimating the mechanical properties of conventional concrete to self-consolidating concrete (SCC). The mechanical properties evaluated are modulus of elasticity, tensile strength,and modulus of rupture. As part of the study, it was necessary to build an extensive database that included the proportions and mechanical properties of 627 mixtures from 138 different references. The same models that are currently used for calculating the mechanical properties of conventional concrete were applied to SCC to evaluate their applicability to this type of concrete. The models considered are the ACI 318, ACI 363R, and EC2. These are the most commonly used models worldwide. In the first part of the study, the overall behavior and adaptability of the different models to SCC is evaluated. The specific characterization parameters for each concrete mixture are used to calculate the various mechanical properties applying the different estimation models. The second part of the analysis consists of comparing the experimental results of all the mixtures included in the database with the estimated results to evaluate the applicability of these models to SCC. Various statistical procedures, such as regression analysis and residual analysis, are used to compare the predicted and measured properties. It terms of general applicability, the evaluated models are suitable for estimating the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and modulus of rupture of SCC. These models have a rather low sensitivity, however, and adjust well only to mean values. This is because the models use the compressive strength as the main variable to characterize the concrete and do not consider other variables that affect these properties.

Presa de Huesa (Jaén)

La razón primaria para la construcción de la presa objeto del presente proyecto. es la dotación de agua para regadío a la subcuenca del río Guadiana Menor aguas abajo del embalse del Negratín. Además, se cubrirá la creación de 2500 nuevas hectáreas de regadío, principalmente por transformación de los actuales cultivos de secano, debido a que todavía queda cultivo por transformar según las perspectivas fijadas en el Plan Nacional de Regadíos, cuyo primer horizonte es el año 2008 y cuyo objetivo es impulsar un mayor aprovechamiento de las zonas de cultivo así como un incremento de la producción. De forma adicional, y considerando la importante inversión que se va a realizar, se buscará satisfacer el resto de demandas existentes en la zona, tanto de abastecimiento, como industriales (está prevista la implantación de almazaras para aprovechar el cultivo de olivar que posee la zona), y como ecológicas, liberando la zona de futuras necesidades no cubiertas.

Pounding force assessment in performance-based design of bridges

Bridges with deck supported on either sliding or elastomeric bearings are very common in mid-seismicity regions. Their main seismic vulnerabilities are related to the pounding of the deck against abutments or between the different deck elements. A simplified model of the longitudinal behavior of those bridges will allow to characterize the reaction forces developed during pounding using the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center framework formula. In order to ensure the general applicability of the results obtained, a large number of system parameter combinations will be considered. The heart of the formula is the identification of suitable intermediate variables. First, the pseudo acceleration spectral value for the fundamental period of the system (Sa(Ts)) will be used as an intensity measure (IM). This IM will result in a very large non-explained variability of the engineering demand parameter. A portion of this variability will be proved to be related to the relative content of high-frequency energy in the input motion. Two vector-valued IMs including a second parameter taking this energy content into account will then be considered. For both of them, a suitable form for the conditional intensity dependence of the response will be obtained. The question of which one to choose will also be analyzed. Finally, additional issues related to the IM will be studied: its applicability to pulse-type records, the validity of scaling records and the sufficiency of the IM.

Automatic mesh generation processor for 3-D parabolic boundary discretization

An automatic Mesh Generation Preprocessor for BE Programs with a considerable of capabilities has been developed. This program allows almost any kind of geometry and tipology to be defined with a small amount of external data, and with an important approximation of the boundary geometry. Also the error checking possibility is very important for a fast comprobation of the results.

Viaducto Des Rocs

El presente proyecto presenta las actuaciones a llevar a cabo para la Construcción del Viaducto des Rocs en la ciudad de Poitiers (Francia). El emplazamiento del viaducto está ocupado actualmente por la pasarela des Rocs, una pasarela peatonal que conecta los barrios occidentales con el centro histórico de Poitiers, sobrevolando el valle de la Boivre, marcado por la presencia de una playa de vías propiedad de la SNCF (Societé Nationale des Chemins de Fer). Las malas condiciones de esta infraestructura (que presenta un estado de degeneración avanzado), así como los planes del consistorio para dotar a la Aglomeración de un sistema de transporte público mediante autobuses discurriendo por vías reservadas (BHNS), ha motivado el reemplazo de esta pasarela por el viaducto cuyo proyecto de construcción se presenta en este documento. La solución adoptada presenta una estructura metálica en celosía tubular por cuyo interior discurrirán los autobuses de la red BHNS y los peatones, disponiendo de una parada en su zona central, para lo cual el tubo se ensancha. La estructura proyectada presenta cuatro apoyos de los cuales sólo uno cae dentro de la playa de vías de la SNCF. La presencia de esta playa impondrá numerosos condicionantes a la construcción, que han sido analizados y estudiados en el presente estudio con objeto de minimizarlos.

Simulación de excavaciones mediante un método de acoplamiento elementos finitos – elementos de contorno

Cuando se modelan sistemas físicos no lineales de extensión infinita, como las excavaciones, se hace necesario simular adecuadamente tanto la solución en el infinito como la no linealidad. El método de elementos finitos es una herramienta efectiva para representar la no linealidad. Sin embargo, el tratamiento del campo infinito truncando el dominio es bastante cuestionable. Por otro lado, el método de elementos de contorno es adecuado para simular el comportamiento en el infinito sin truncamientos. Por combinación de ambos métodos, se puede obtener un uso adecuado de las ventajas de cada uno. En este trabajo se proponen diversas posibilidades de acoplamiento entre los dos métodos. Se desarrollan algoritmos de acoplamiento basados en una descomposición de dominios y se comparan con los esquemas más tradicionales de acoplamiento.

Estimación del error de discretización con principios variacionales multicampo: II. Flexión de placas

Desarrollos recientes para encajar dentro de un marco variacional la llamada Formulación Libre sugieren la posibilidad de introducir un nuevo tipo de estimador de error para cálculos por elementos finitos. Este estimador se basa en una diferencia entre ciertos funcionales multicampo, que toman el mismo valor para la solución exacta del problema. En el presente artículo, dividido en dos partes, se introduce la formulación del estimador para problemas de elasticidad y de flexión de placas según las hipótesis clásicas de Kirchhoff. Se presentan también algunos ejemplos para dar idea de los comportamientos numéricos observados.

A computer program for the analysis of the dynamic bending-torsion coupling in bridges using a mini-computer

The analysis of modes and natural frequencies is of primary interest in the computation of the response of bridges. In this article the transfer matrix method is applied to this problem to provide a computer code to calculate the natural frequencies and modes of bridge-like structures. The Fortran computer code is suitable for running on small computers and results are presented for a railway bridge.

SERBA: a B.I.E. program with linear elements for 2-D elastostatics analysis

The great developments that have occurred during the last few years in the finite element method and its applications has kept hidden other options for computation. The boundary integral element method now appears as a valid alternative and, in certain cases, has significant advantages. This method deals only with the boundary of the domain, while the F.E.M. analyses the whole domain. This has the following advantages: the dimensions of the problem to be studied are reduced by one, consequently simplifying the system of equations and preparation of input data. It is also possible to analyse infinite domains without discretization errors. These simplifications have the drawbacks of having to solve a full and non-symmetric matrix and some difficulties are incurred in the imposition of boundary conditions when complicated variations of the function over the boundary are assumed. In this paper a practical treatment of these problems, in particular boundary conditions imposition, has been carried out using the computer program shown below. Program SERBA solves general elastostatics problems in 2-dimensional continua using the boundary integral equation method. The boundary of the domain is discretized by line or elements over which the functions are assumed to vary linearly. Data (stresses and/or displacements) are introduced in the local co-ordinate system (element co-ordinates). Resulting stresses are obtained in local co-ordinates and displacements in a general system. The program has been written in Fortran ASCII and implemented on a 1108 Univac Computer. For 100 elements the core requirements are about 40 Kwords. Also available is a Fortran IV version (3 segments)implemented on a 21 MX Hewlett-Packard computer,using 15 Kwords.

Simplified computational method for non-linear seismic analysis of bridges

After the experience gained during the past years it seems clear that nonlinear analysis of bridges are very important to compute ductility demands and to localize potential hinges. This is specially true for irregular bridges in which it is not clear weather or not it is possible to use a linear computation followed by a correction using a behaviour factor. To simplify the numerical effort several approximate methods have been proposed. Among them, the so-called Dynamic Plastic Hinge Method in which an evolutionary shape function is used to reduce the structure to a single degree of freedom system seems to mantein a good balance between accuracy and simplicity. This paper presents results obtained in a parametric study conducted under the auspicies of PREC-8 european research program.

Abutments influence in the dynamic response of bridges

A simplified analytical model of a short span bridge is proposed. The inertial interaction effects of pier foundations and abutments has been included in order to evaluate the response sensitivities to different soil-structure interaction variables. The modification of natural frequency and damping properties is shown for typical short span bridges of the integral deck-abutment type for longitudinal vibrations or general bridges for the transverse ones.

Presa de Robledo del Mazo

El objetivo que se persigue con este proyecto es la construcción de una presa de gravedad de hormigón sobre el río Gévalo, en el paraje conocido como El Hornillo. Esta presa servirá para la ampliación de los regadíos en la zona a 5000 Ha. y para asegurar el abastecimiento a la mancomunidad del Gévalo, trasladando la toma del abastecimiento a la nueva presa bajo estudio.

Agent-based modelling for cement hydration

The Agent-Based Modelling and simulation (ABM) is a rather new approach for studying complex systems withinteracting autonomous agents that has lately undergone great growth in various fields such as biology, physics, social science, economics and business. Efforts to model and simulate the highly complex cement hydration process have been made over the past 40 years, with the aim of predicting the performance of concrete and designing innovative and enhanced cementitious materials. The ABM presented here - based on previous work - focuses on the early stages of cement hydration by modelling the physical-chemical processes at the particle level. The model considers the cement hydration process as a time and 3D space system, involving multiple diffusing and reacting species of spherical particles. Chemical reactions are simulated by adaptively selecting discrete stochastic simulation for the appropriate reaction, whenever that is necessary. Interactions between particles are also considered. The model has been inspired by reported cellular automata?s approach which provides detailed predictions of cement microstructure at the expense of significant computational difficulty. The ABM approach herein seeks to bring about an optimal balance between accuracy and computational efficiency.