Absolute cross sections for dissociative electron attachment to HCCCN

New absolute cross sections for dissociative electron attachment to HCCCN (cyanoacetylene or propiolonitrile) in the range of 0-10 eV electron energy are presented here, which have been determined from a new analysis of previously reported data (Graupner et al 2006 New J. Phys. 8 117). The highest cross sections are observed for the formation of CN^- at 5.3 eV and CCCN^- at 5.1 eV; approximately 0.06 Ų and 0.05 Ų respectively. As part of the re-analysis, it was necessary to determine absolute cross sections for electron-impact ionization of HCCCN with the binary-encounter Bethe method. These electron-impact ionization absolute cross sections for HCCCN are also presented here; the maximum value was found to be ∼6.6 Ų at ∼80 eV.

Photoionization of Costyle="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit;">+ and electron-impact excitation of Costyle="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit;">2 + using the Dirac style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">R-matrix method

Modelling of massive stars and supernovae (SNe) plays a crucial role in understanding galaxies. From this modelling we can derive fundamental constraints on stellar evolution, mass-loss processes, mixing, and the products of nucleosynthesis. Proper account must be taken of all important processes that populate and depopulate the levels (collisional excitation, de-excitation, ionization, recombination, photoionization, bound–bound processes). For the analysis of Type Ia SNe and core collapse SNe (Types Ib, Ic and II) Fe group elements are particularly important. Unfortunately little data is currently available and most noticeably absent are the photoionization cross-sections for the Fe-peaks which have high abundances in SNe. Important interactions for both photoionization and electron-impact excitation are calculated using the relativistic Dirac atomic style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">R-matrix codes (DARC) for low-ionization stages of Cobalt. All results are calculated up to photon energies of 45 eV and electron energies up to 20 eV. The wavefunction representation of Co III has been generated using GRASP0 by including the dominant 3d^{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 0; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">7}, 3d^{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 0; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6}[4s, 4p], 3p^{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 0; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4}3d^{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 0; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">9} and 3p^{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 0; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6}3d^{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 0; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">9} configurations, resulting in 292 fine structure levels. Electron-impact collision strengths and Maxwellian averaged effective collision strengths across a wide range of astrophysically relevant temperatures are computed for Co III. In addition, statistically weighted level-resolved ground and metastable photoionization cross-sections are presented for Co II and compared directly with existing work.

Efficient and Selectable Production of Reactive Species Using a Nanosecond Pulsed Discharge in Gas Bubbles in Liquid

A plasma gas bubble-in-liquid method for high production of selectable reactive species using a nanosecond pulse generator has been developed. The gas of choice is fed through a hollow needle in a point-to-plate bubble discharge, enabling improved selection of reactive species. The increased interface reactions, between the gas-plasma and water through bubbles, give higher productivity. H_{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 0.8em; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 0.7em; font-family: Arial, "Lucida Grande", Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", sans-serif;">2}O_{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 0.8em; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 0.7em; font-family: Arial, "Lucida Grande", Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", sans-serif;">2} was the predominant species produced using Ar plasma, while predominantly  and NO_{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 0.8em; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 0.7em; font-family: Arial, "Lucida Grande", Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", sans-serif;">2} were generated using air plasma, in good agreement with the observed emission spectra. This method has nearly 100% selectivity for H_{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 0.8em; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 0.7em; font-family: Arial, "Lucida Grande", Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", sans-serif;">2}O_{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 0.8em; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 0.7em; font-family: Arial, "Lucida Grande", Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", sans-serif;">2}, with seven times higher production, and 92% selectivity for , with nearly twice the production, compared with a plasma above the water.

Fetal Movements in late Pregnancy : Categorization, Self-assessment, and Prenatal Attachment in relation to women’s experiences

Aim: To explore how pregnant women experience fetal movements in late pregnancy. Specific aims were:  to study women’s experiences during the time prior to receiving news that their unborn baby had died in utero (I), to investigate women’s descriptions of fetal movements (II), investigate the association between the magnitude of fetal movements and level of prenatal attachment (III), and to study women’s experiences using two different self-assessment methods (IV). Methods: Interviews, questionnaires, and observations were used. Results: Premonition that something had happened to their unborn baby, based on a lack of fetal movements, was experienced by the participants. The overall theme “something is wrong” describes the women’s insight that the baby’s life was threatened (I). Fetal movements that were sorted into the domain “powerful movements” were perceived in late pregnancy by 96 % of the participants (II). Perceiving frequent fetal movements on at least three occasions per 24 hours was associated with higher scores of prenatal attachment in all the three subscales on PAI-R. The majority (55%) of the 456 participants reported average occasions of frequent fetal movements, 26% several occasions and 18% reported few occasions of frequent fetal movements, during the current gestational week.  (III). Only one of the 40 participants did not find at least one method for monitoring fetal movements suitable. Fifteen of the 39 participants reported a preference for the mindfetalness method and five for the count-to-ten method. The women described the observation of the movements as a safe and reassuring moment for communication with their unborn baby (IV). Conclusion:  In full-term and uncomplicated pregnancies, women usually perceive fetal movements as powerful. Furthermore, women in late pregnancy who reported frequent fetal movements on several occasions during a 24-hour period seem to have a high level of prenatal attachment. Women who used self-assessment methods for monitoring fetal movements felt calm and relaxed when observing the movements of their babies. They had a high compliance for both self-assessment methods. Women that had experienced a stillbirth in late pregnancy described that they had a premonition before they were told that their baby had died in utero. 

Is Trading Behavior Stable Across Contexts? Evidence from Style and Multi-Style Investors

In this paper we study priming of identity within the context of inherent vs. contextual financial decision making. We use a sample of individual trading accounts in equity-style funds taken from one fund family to test the hypothesis that trading styles are inherent vs. contextual. Our sample contains investors who invest either in a growth fund, a value fund, or both. We document behavioral differences between growth fund investors and value fund investors. We find that their trades depend on past returns in different ways: growth fund investors tend towards momentum trading and value fund investors tend towards contrarian trading. These differences may be due to inherent clientele characteristics, including beliefs about market prices, specific personality traits and cognitive strategies that cause them to self-select into one or the other style. We use a sample of investors that trade in both types of funds to test this proposition. Consistent with the contextual hypothesis, we find that investors who hold both types of funds trade growth fund shares differently than value fund shares.

Combinative Aspects of Leadership Style and Emotional Intelligence

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the leader’s emotional intelligence influences the leader’s preferences for different ways of combining leadership behaviors (i.e. combinative aspects of leadership style). Design/methodology/approach – The authors used a hybrid design to collect the data to avoid common-method biases. The authors described a high-stress workplace in a vignette and asked participants to rank four styles of combining a task-oriented leadership (i.e. Pressure) statement and a socio-emotional leadership (i.e. Support) statement. The authors then asked participants to complete a Likert-scale based questionnaire on emotional intelligence. Findings – The authors found that leaders who prefer to provide Support immediately before Pressure have higher levels of emotional intelligence than do leaders who prefer the three other combinative styles. Leaders who prefer to provide Pressure and Support separately (i.e. provide Pressure 30 minutes after Support) have the lowest levels of emotional intelligence. Research limitations/implications – A key implicit assumption in the work is that leaders do not want to evoke negative emotions in followers. The authors did not take into account factors that influence leadership style which participating managers would be likely to encounter on a daily basis such as the relationship with the follower, the follower’s level of performance and work experience, the gender of the leader and the gender of the follower, the hierarchical levels of the leader and follower, and the followers’ preferred combinative style. The nature of the sample and the use of a hypothetical scenario are other limitations of the study. Practical implications – Providing leadership behaviors that are regarded as effective is necessary but not enough because the emotional impact of leadership behaviors appears to also depend on how the behaviors are configured. Originality/value – This is the first study to show that the emotional intelligence of leaders is related to their preferences for the manner in which they combine task and social leadership statements. Furthermore, two-factor theories of leadership propose that the effects of task and social leadership are additive. However, the findings show that the effects are interactive.

Microtubule attachment and regulation mechanisms of the budding yeast kinetochore

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Material Evaluation of an Elastomer, Epoxy and Lightweight Concrete Rail Attachment System for Direct Fixation Light Rail Applications

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-08

What is the Role of Attachment in Contemporary Psychotherapy? A Grounded Theory Exploration of the Perspective of Experienced Psychologists

Since Bowlby devised his theory of attachment, originally for clinical purposes, refinements and extensions have developed its clinical utility. The research question asked how experienced contemporary clinicians now perceive the role of attachment in the formulation and treatment of distress by reference to their clinical work. Using grounded theory methodology, underpinned by a relativist, moderate social constructionist epistemology, initial sampling consisted of 16 in-depth interviews with experienced clinicians. The tentative theoretical categories that emerged were then developed in theoretical sampling in further interviews with 5 of the initial interviewees. The final theoretical categories to emerge concerned the prevalence of caregiver-related problems, the provision of safety together with the prioritisation of the relationship with self as attachment-related treatment strategies, and attachment theory’s provision of understanding in problem formulation. Whilst this suggests that attachment-related ideas are integrated in contemporary practice, it also suggests that the clinical utility now offered by attachment theory, as established in the literature, has not found broad appeal amongst clinicians despite the commonness of attachment-related presenting problems. The implications of this are manifold. To begin with, attachment theorists have largely failed to bring the potential now offered by attachment-related therapeutic interventions to the market. This situation makes it incumbent on the next generation of attachment researchers to more clearly articulate techniques with which clinicians, of whatever theoretical orientation, can better leverage attachment-related knowledge in their clinical work. In this enterprise, perhaps the knowledge and experience of expert clinicians could be harvested, as this research has done. Moreover, researchers must expand the evidence base that such interventions actually work. Beyond the implications for clinical utility and efficacy, the findings strengthen counselling psychology’s influence on society’s perception and treatment of attachment-related problems.

Postpartum Psychosis in Bipolar Disorder: No Association with Personality, Cognitive Style and Temperament

Background and Aims: Bipolar disorder has been associated with a number of personality traits, cognitive styles and affective temperaments. Women who have bipolar disorder are at increased risk of experiencing postpartum psychosis, however no previous research has investigated these traits in relationship to postpartum episodes. Our aim was to establish whether aspects of personality, cognitive style and affective temperament, that have been associated with bipolar disorder, confer vulnerability to postpartum psychosis over and above their known association with bipolar disorder. Methods: Participants were 552 parous women with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder recruited into the Bipolar Disorder Research Network (www.bdrn.org). Postpartum psychosis group: lifetime episode of postpartum psychosis within 6 weeks of delivery (N = 284). Non-postpartum psychosis group: no history of any perinatal mood episodes (N = 268). Bipolar disorder-associated personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, schizotypy and impulsivity), cognitive styles (low self-esteem and dysfunctional attitudes) and affective temperaments were measured using well validated self-report questionnaire measures. Results: After controlling for key demographic, clinical and pregnancy-related variables, and measures of current mood state, there were no statistically significant differences between the postpartum psychosis group and non-postpartum psychosis group on any of the personality, cognitive style or affective temperament measures. Conclusions: Personality traits, cognitive styles and affective temperaments associated with the bipolar disorder diathesis in general were not associated with the onset of postpartum psychosis specifically. We have found no evidence that these traits should play a key role when evaluating risk of postpartum psychosis in women with bipolar I disorder considering pregnancy.

CSR Communication - An Employee Perspective : Tailoring Internal Communication using Employee Preferences for Content, Style and Channel.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) represents a theory and practice that is well-known and communicating its content has shown to play an important role in order to exploit its advantages and engage stakeholders on CSR issues. Even though, CSR communication has shown to be a real challenge, since corporations are encouraged to engage in CSR, but not to communicate too loud about this engagement. This study was inspired by Jenny Dawkins (2005) and her initial idea that tailoring CSR messages by exploring stakeholder preferences for content, style and channel, would solve the communication challenge. One stakeholder group that corporations are highly dependent on is employees and exploring their preferences for CSR communication became the purpose of this thesis: to understand employee preferences for style and channel within the content of CSR. This was of specific interest, since existing research on CSR communication has mainly been centered around financial and external issues on the expense of internal. In addition, the idea of a tailored approach has not gained any interest in research so far, and a possible explanation might be its diffuse meaning, a problem this thesis has addressed. In order to understand employee preferences for internal CSR communication, a qualitative case study research was conducted with in-depth interviews, observations and exercises at site. A total of 20 interviews were arranged in order to collect primary data during a one week prolong engagement at the case. The empirical findings from the respondents’ answers were then transcribed and analyzed using both inductive and theoretical thematic analysis. Based on the findings, the authors of this thesis contribute with two models that help practitioners to understand how to best communicate about various CSR content to employees. The first model developed suggests an implementation of the tailored approach for content, style and channel, and demonstrates a relationship between nature of content and constraint recognition. Also, the model explains how practitioners can provide CSR explanation in order to reduce skepticism and enable endorsement processes where employees communicate CSR to third parties. To show a more dependent relationship between how changes in nature of content and constraint recognition affect employee preferences, the authors created the "CSR Communication Grid". The authors made a theoretical contribution by clarifying and providing a framework for the tailoring approach as initially developed by Dawkins (2005). Additionally, the authors managed to draw a relation between Public Relations (PR) and CSR by referring models of PR to communication styles, which filled this gap in previous research.

State-Selective Attachment of Helium to Molecular Ions in a New Cryogenic Ion Trap

Light is the main information about the interstellar medium accessible on Earth. Based on this information one can conclude on the composition of the region where the light originates from, as well as on its history. The requirement for this is that it is possible to identify the different absorption and emission features in the spectrum and assign them to certain molecules, atoms or ions. To enable the identification of the different species, precise spectroscopic investigations of the species in the laboratory are necessary. In this work a new spectroscopic method is presented, which can be used to record pure rotational spectra of mass selected, cold, stored molecular ions. It is based on the idea of state specific attachment of helium atoms to the stored molecular ions. The new technique has been made possible through the development and recent completion of two new 22-pole ion trap instruments in the work group of Laboratory Astrophysics at the University of Cologne. These new instruments have the advantage to reach temperatures as low as 4K compared to the 10K of the predecessor instrument. These low temperatures enable the ternary attachment of helium atoms to the stored molecular ions and by this make it possible to develop this new method for pure rotational spectroscopy. According to this, this work is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the new FELion experiment that was build and characterized in the first part of the thesis. FELion is a cryogenic 22-pole ion trap apparatus, allowing to generate, mass select, store and cool down, and analyze molecular ions. The different components of the instrument, e.g. the Storage Ion Source for generating the ions or the first quadrupole mass filter, are described and characterized in this part. Besides this also the newly developed control and data acquisitions system is introduced. With this instrument the measurements presented in the second part of the work were performed. The second part deals with the new action spectroscopic method of state-selective helium attachment to the stored molecular ions. For a deeper analysis of the new technique the systems of CD+ and helium and HCO+ and helium are investigated in detail. Analytical and numerical models of the process are presented and compared to experimental results. The results of these investigations point to a seemingly very general applicability of the new method to a wide class of molecular ions. In the final part of the thesis measurements of the rotational spectrum of l-C3H+ are presented. These measurements have to be high-lighted, since it was possible for the first time in the laboratory to unambiguously measure four low-lying rotational transitions of l-C3H+. These measurements (Brünken et al. ApJL 783, L4 (2014)) enabled the reliable identification of so far unidentified emision lines observed in several regions of the interstellar medium (Pety et al. Astron. Astrophys. 548, A68 (2012), McGuire et al. The Astrophysical Journal 774, 56 (2013) and McGuire et al. The Astrophysical Journal 783, 36 (2014)).

Conception et application d'une grille d'analyse visant à évaluer le style d'animation

Cet essai a pour objectif de découvrir le style d'animation effectué par des animateurs de groupes de parents d'adolescents. De plus, nous voulons observer ce qui peut différer et être semblable d'un animateur à l'autre. Par le fait même, il nous sera possible de vérifier quel est l'impact du style d'animation sur les participants d'un groupe. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, nous avons enregistré sur bandes vidéoscopiques chacune des six séances de trois groupes. Pour évaluer et comparer les animateurs, nous avons élaboré une grille d'analyse permettant de coder chacune des interventions de ceux-ci. L'élaboration d'une telle grille a bien sûr exigé une revue littéraire autant sur le phénomène de la dynamique de groupe que sur les grilles d'analyse déjà existantes utilisées dans ce domaine. Il est également nécessaire de suivre une méthodologie rigoureuse afin de s'assurer de la validité de la grille. L'application de cette grille devrait nous permettre d'obtenir un portrait du style de chacun des animateurs et de leurs interactions avec les participants ainsi que sur la dynamique de groupe. Finalement, après avoir appliqué cette grille et recueilli les données utiles aux fins de cette étude, nous évaluerons la dite grille et ferons les recommandations appropriées afin de permettre à d'autres intervenants de l'utiliser au besoin.