Differences in metabolic and inflammatory responses in lower and upper body high-intensity intermittent exercise

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of the particle size of maize, rice, and sorghum in extruded diets for dogs on starch gelatinization, digestibility, and the fecal concentration of fermentation products

The influence of rice, maize, and sorghum raw material particle size in extruded dry dog food on the digestibility of nutrients and energy and the fecal concentration of fermentation products was investigated. Three diets with similar nutrient compositions were formulated, each with 1 starch source. Before incorporation into diets, the cereals were ground into 3 different particle sizes (approximately 300, 450, and 600 mu m); therefore, a total of 9 diets were in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement (3 cereals and 3 particle sizes). Fifty-four beagle dogs (12.0 +/- 0.1 kg BW) were randomly assigned to the diets, with 6 dogs per diet. The digestibility was measured with the chromium oxide method. The data were evaluated with ANOVA considering the carbohydrate source, grinding effect, and interactions. The means were compared with the Tukey test and polynomial contrasts (P < 0.05). With the same grinding procedure, rice was reduced to smaller particles than other cereals. The cereal mean geometric diameter (MGD) was directly related to starch gelatini-zation (SG) during extrusion. For rice diets, the MGD and SG did not change nutrient digestibility (P > 0.05); only GE digestibility was reduced at the largest MGD (P < 0.01). For maize and sorghum diets, the total tract apparent nutrient digestibility was reduced for foods with greater MGD and less SG (P < 0.01). A linear reduction in nutrient digestibility according to cereal particle size was observed for sorghum (r(2) < 0.72; P < 0.01). Higher concentrations of fecal total shortchain fatty acids (SCFA) were observed for sorghum diets (P < 0.05) than for other diets. The rice diets led to the production of feces with less lactate (P < 0.05). The increase in raw material MGD did not influence fecal SCFA for rice diets, but for the dogs fed maize and sorghum foods, an increase in propionate and butyrate concentrations were observed as MGD increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, for dogs fed different particle sizes of the cereal starches in the extruded diets, the digestibility and fecal characteristics were affected, and this effect was ingredient dependent.

Prior Heavy-Intensity Exercise's Enhancement of Oxygen-Uptake Kinetics and Short-Term High-Intensity Exercise Performance Independent of Aerobic-Training Status

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relationship between aerobic and anaerobic parameters from 3-minute all-out tethered swimming and 400-m maximal front crawl effort

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of fipronil on energy metabolism in the perfused rat liver

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of a dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion and atropine on changes in global perfusion variables induced by hemorrhage followed by volume replacement in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aerobic fitness level modulates the effects of prior supramaximal exercise on pulmonary VO2 response during moderate-intensity exercise

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of aerobic fitness on the effects of prior exercise on VO2response during subsequent moderate-intensity exercise. After determination of the lactate threshold (LT) and maximal VO2 (VO2max). 14 untrained subjects (UG) and 14 well-trained cyclists (TG) performed on different days and in random order, rest to moderate-intensity exercise transitions (6 minutes at 80% of LT), preceded by either no prior exercise or prior supramaximal exercise (PSE: two bouts of 1 minute at 120% of VO2max, with a 1-minute rest in between). Baseline VO2 was significantly increased (p<0.05) by PSE in both groups (UG: 0.39 ± 0.06 vs. 0.51 ± 0.15 L·min -1;TG: 0.37 ± 0.06 vs. 0.58 ± 0.14 L·min -1). In the TG group, the steady state VO2 was significantly increased by PSE (TG: 2.21 ± 0.38 vs. 2.07 ± 0.27 L·min-1, p<0.05; UG: 1.60 ± 0.27 vs. 1.60 ± 0.29 L· min-1, p>0.05). It can be concluded that aerobic fitness level influences the effects of PSE on VO2 response during moderate-intensity exercise. [J Exerc Sci Fit • Vol 7 • No 1 • 48-54 • 2009].

Clinical and laboratory description of a series of cases of acute viral myositis

Describe the clinical and laboratory profile, follow-up, and outcome of a series of cases of acute viral myositis. A retrospective analysis of suspected cases under observation in the emergency department was performed, including outpatient follow-up with the recording of respiratory infection and musculoskeletal symptoms, measurement of muscle enzymes, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), transaminases (AST and ALT), blood count, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the acute phase and during follow-up until normalization. Between 2000 and 2009, 42 suspected cases were identified and 35 (27 boys) were included. The median age was 7 years and the diagnosis was reported in 89% in the first emergency visit. The observed respiratory symptoms were cough (31%), rhinorrhea (23%), and fever (63%), with a mean duration of 4.3 days. Musculoskeletal symptoms were localized pain in the calves (80%), limited ambulation (57%), gait abnormality (40%), and muscle weakness in the lower limbs (71%), with a mean duration of 3.6 days. There was significant increase in CPK enzymes (5507±9180U/L), LDH (827±598U/L), and AST (199±245U/L), with a tendency to leukopenia (4590±1420) leukocytes/mm(3). The complete recovery of laboratory parameters was observed in 30 days (median), and laboratory and clinical recurrence was documented in one case after 10 months. Typical symptoms with increased muscle enzymes after diagnosis of influenza and self-limited course of the disease were the clues to the diagnosis. The increase in muscle enzymes indicate transient myotropic activity related to seasonal influenza, which should be considered, regardless of the viral identification, possibly associated with influenza virus or other respiratory viruses.

Brazilian green propolis induced apoptosis in human lung cancer A549 cells through mitochondrial-mediated pathway

Propolis effect on the growth and apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma (A549 cells) was investigated as well as its mechanisms. Cells were incubated with propolis for 72 h, and 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays were employed to assess cell viability and the inhibitory concentration (IC). Apoptosis was detected by Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining after 24 and 48 h of incubation with ¼ IC50 of propolis by testing the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and the expression of apoptosis-related genes (p53, Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL , Noxa, Puma and p21) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Propolis displayed antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but it did not suppress the growth of normal Vero cells. An enhanced apoptosis was seen in A549 propolis-treated cells after 48 h compared with the control cells. Propolis decreased mitochondrial membrane potential by overexpression of pro-apoptotic genes (Bax and Noxa) and reduction of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-XL . The expression level of other genes remained unchanged (p53, Caspse-3 and Bax), whereas p21 expression was increased. Propolis induced caspase-independent apoptosis through a p53-independent mitochondrial pathway, and cell cycle arrest by upregulation of p21. Although propolis induces apoptosis mainly by p53-independent manner, it may be induced by another pathway, and new insights may arise for preventing or treating lung cancer.

A glycolytic phenotype is associated with prostate cancer progression and aggressiveness: a role for monocarboxylate transporters as metabolic targets for therapy

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Blood oxygen affinity increases during digestion in the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sodium bicarbonate supplementation improved MAOD but is not correlated with 200- and 400-m running performances: a double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled study

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of acute supplementation of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) determined by a single supramaximal effort (MAODALT) in running and the correlation with 200- and 400-m running performances. Fifteen healthy men (age, 23 ± 4 years; maximal oxygen uptake, 50.6 ± 6.1 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) underwent a maximal incremental exercise test and 2 supramaximal efforts at 110% of the intensity associated with maximal oxygen uptake, which was carried out after ingesting either 0.3 g·kg(-1) body weight NaHCO3 or a placebo (dextrose) and completing 200- and 400-m performance tests. The study design was double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled. Significant differences were found between the NaHCO3 and placebo conditions for MAODALT (p = 0.01) and the qualitative inference for substantial changes showed a very likely positive effect (98%). The lactic anaerobic contribution in the NaHCO3 ingestion condition was significantly higher (p < 0.01) and showed a very likely positive effect (99% chance), similar to that verified for peak blood lactate concentration (p < 0.01). No difference was found for time until exhaustion (p = 0.19) or alactic anaerobic contribution (p = 0.81). No significant correlations were observed between MAODALT and 200- and 400-m running performance tests. Therefore, we can conclude that both MAODALT and the anaerobic lactic metabolism are modified after acute NaHCO3 ingestion, but it is not correlated with running performance.

Short-term low-intensity blood flow restricted interval training improves both aerobic fitness and muscle strength

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Comparação entre a recuperação da economia de corrida e força muscular medida por diferentes métodos após o dano muscular

The goal of the present study was to investigate possible differences towards strenght recovery measured by different methods and running economy (RE), after one session of downhill running (DR), in order to induce muscle damage (MD). Our hypothesis is that the strenght recovery measured by jumps is more alike RE markers, due to the measures' specificity. Ten male subjects, ages 18 to 30, apparently healthy, without any experience with strenght training at least 6 months before the tests took place in this study. After going to the lab twice (to familiarize themselves with the protocols, and determine their maximum oxygen consumption/running speeds), they went to the lab five times in the following week, in order to collect all the variables before, immediately after, and 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours in. The variables obtained were: stride frequency (SF), stride lenght (SL), oxygen volume (VO2), carbon dioxide volume (VCO2), ventilation (VE), lactate blood concentration ([Lac]), isometric peak torque (IPT), subjective pain perception (SPP), effort perception (EP), medial-portion circumference (CIR), knee movement extent (EXT), torque development rate (TDR), counter movement jump and squat jump height (HCM and HS), strenght development rate of both jumps (SDCM and SDS), and maximum soil strenght reaction (SRCM and SRS). Changes over time in all variables were verified by one way variancy analysis. Differences between the strenght measures were verified by two way variancy analysis. When significant effects were verified, Tuckey's post-hoc were applied. The significancy level taken on this study was p < 0,05. Of all indirect muscle damage markers, IPT, SPP and TDR were the only ones in which ocurred significant changes. We couldn't find the moments where this happened for TDR with the post-hoc used. On RE markers, VO2, [Lac] and VE suffered significant effects over time. About the jumps variables, only SDCM and HCM presented significant...

Carga de trabalho de equinos da raça Quarto de Milha monitorados com Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS) e monitor cardíaco durante exercício de Três Tambores

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Animal - FMVZ