Experimental Investigation into the Production Behavior of Methane Hydrate in Porous Sediment with Hot Brine Stimulation

The gas production behavior from methane hydrate in porous sediment by injecting the brine with the salinity of 0−24 wt % and the temperature of −1 to 130 °C was investigated in a one-dimensional experimental apparatus. The results show that the gas production process consists of three periods: the free gas production, the hydrate dissociation, and the general gas reservoir production. The hydrate dissociation accompanies the temperature decrease with the injection of the brine (NaCl solution), and the dissociation duration is shortened with the increase of the salinity. With the injection of hot brine, instantaneous hydrate dissociation rate also increases with the increase of the salinity. However, while the NaCl concentration is beyond a certain value, the rate has no longer continued increasing. Thermal efficiency and energy ratio for the hydrate production can be enhanced by injecting hot brine, and the enhanced effectiveness is quite good with the injection of high salinity at lower temperature.

Investigation of Interfacial Tensions for Carbon Dioxide Aqueous Solutions by Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory Combined with Density-Gradient Theory

The perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory and density-gradient theory are used to construct an equation of state (EOS) applicable for the phase behaviors of carbon dioxide aqueous solutions. With the molecular parameters and influence parameters respectively regressed from bulk properties and surface tensions of pure fluids as input, both the bulk and interfacial properties of carbon dioxide aqueous solutions are satisfactorily correlated by adjusting the binary interaction parameter (k(ij)). Our results show that the constructed EOS is able to describe the interfacial properties of carbon dioxide aqueous solutions in a wide temperature range, and illustrate the influences of temperature, pressure, and densities in each phase on the interfacial properties.

包头稀土工业区土壤中钍的环境化学行为

本论文分为两部分：1. 综述部分（第一章和第二章），介绍了我国包头地区稀土工业区钍污染概况，对稀土工业生产造成的放射性生态环境污染进行了分析和归纳；评述了土壤和沉积物中放射性核素污染生态物理化学研究和进展；说明了本研究课题的背景、意义和技术路线。2. 实验部分（第三章至第六章），包括以下几方面内容：土壤样品和高铁矿渣样品中钍的分析方法的建立；对土壤和矿渣样品中钍的形态进行定量分析，考察了土壤性质对土壤中钍形态分布的影响；模拟自然环境，研究钍在土壤-植物系统之间的迁移积累和钍形态的植物可利用性；土壤样品对钍的吸附-解吸行为及其影响因素。 我国包头稀土工业在稀土矿浮选和稀土精矿湿法冶炼过程中产生了大量含放射性钍的废渣、废水和粉尘，对当地生态环境造成严重的破坏和放射性污染。 采用合适内标，ICP-MS法对样品中钍分析，考察了基体干扰、记忆效应和质谱干扰，比较了不同的样品消解方法对钍测定的影响，并用标准土壤样品和标准加入法对方法的准确性进行了评价。分别采用Tessier、BCR和Martínez-Aguirre形态萃取方法对土壤和样品中钍的形态进行分析，通过对总量的回收率和萃取剂选择性比较，选择了Martínez-Aguirre连续萃取法定量样品中钍的形态，并对其进行了优化和评价。考察了土壤性质影响着钍的形态分布。 通过盆栽实验，考察了小麦对根际土壤中钍形态分布以及的在不同生长期对钍的吸收影响。利用相应的材料人工模拟了土壤中钍的形态，对模拟的钍各形态的植物可利用性和植物吸收贡献指数进行评估分析。利用不同的磷酸盐对土壤进行培养处理，考察了磷酸盐的加入对土壤中钍的生物可利用性影响。 实验了土壤样品对钍的吸附-解吸过程，通过吸附容量、分配系数和吸附百分比等参数考察土壤对钍吸附能力，并考察了被土壤吸附钍的解吸行为。通过吸附机理的分析，土壤对钍的吸附作用主要是通过Th(IV)的表面水解吸附模式进行。根据实验结果，土壤样品对溶液中钍的吸附热力学可以用Freundlich方程式来描述，吸附的动力学过程可用Elovich方程描述，并对吸附方式和吸附过程进行论述。实验发现，吸附-解吸条件、土壤性质、外源稀土元素和施肥等对土壤吸附钍有一定影响。