A note on the production trend of marine shrimps in India

The paper reviews the production statistics of marine shrimps in the different maritime states of India from 1950 to 1962. It is pointed out that for a correct appraisal of the status of any fishery, it is necessary to have data on effort E and catch per unit effort in addition to the conventional data on catch C. A relationship between U and E has been developed and the status of the fishery of Metapenaeus dobsoni has been discussed in this connection with reference to the data on catch and effort obtained from trawler operations off Cochin.

Standardisation and mass production of shrimp trawlers and other fishing boats in India

This paper deals with the existing fishing crafts, new vessel types, boat building programmes, their standardisation and mass-production in India.

Factors influencing colour production from the sugar medium used for the rapid approximation of bacterial counts in fishery products

Results of the studies carried out to elucidate the factors influencing colour production from the sugar medium used for the rapid approximation of bacterial counts in fishery products are reported. The effect of particle size, trace elements, salt soluble protein and non-protein fractions, rate of multiplication of bacteria, in the medium, surface bacteria and the rate of colour production by individual strains of bacteria were studied. It is observed that the best results are obtained when a sea-water homogenate is used.

On the production and nutritive value of fish meal from Silver belly (Leiognathus spp.) landings at Rameswaram

Silver belly (Leiognathus Spp.) forms a major fishery in recent years in the Rameswaram island but fetches for the fishermen very low prices ranging from Rs. 0.03 to 0.12/Kg only, there being practically no demand for the fish. The possibilities of utilizing this cheap fish are discussed and the processing method described. During the glut season the cost of production of Silver belly fish meal works out to competitive prices of Rs. 500 to 700/ton. The silver belly fish meal is of high quality with good protein content averaging 57.71% in commercial samples and 61.90% in laboratory samples and with a high pepsin digestibility of 90.0% to 92.5%. The essential amino acid composition of the Silver belly fish meal compares very favorably with other round fish meals, with high contents of lysine, leucine, arginine, isoleucine, methionine, phenyl alanine, threonine and valine. Since there is good demand for fish meal as poultry and cattle food both in the internal and external markets, there is good scope for large scale production and sale of fish meal.

Field application of anabolic steroids in carp seed production. Pt. 1. Rearing of fry to fingerling stage

Ethylestrenol (17β Hydroxy-17alpha-ethyl-estr-4-en-3-one) and Stanozolal (17β-Hydroxy-17alpha-methyl 1-5 alpha-androstano-(3,2-C)-pyrazole), both synthetic androgenic steroids, were fed via diet at 3ppm to the fry of catla, rohu and silver carp which were reared up to fingerling stage over a period of 167-172 days in earthen ponds. Ethylestrenol enhanced growth in silver carp and rohu but retarded growth in catla. Stanozolal depressed growth in all the 3 species. Length-weight relationship for these fry had been worked out and the relative condition factor in all the cases was very close to or slightly above 1.0.

Induction of mitotic and meiotic gynogenesis and production of genetic clones in rohu, Labeo rohita Ham.

Studies were undertaken to produce genetic clones derived from all homozygous mitotic gynogenetic individuals in rohu, Labeo rohita Ham. ln view of this, attempts were made to interfere with the normal functioning of the spindle apparatus during the first mitotic cell division of developing eggs using heat shocks, there by leading to the induction of mitotic gynogenetic diploids in the F1 generation. Afterwards, viable mitotic gynogenetic alevins were reared and a selected mature female fish was used to obtain ovulated eggs which were fertilized later with UV-irradiated milt. Milt was diluted with Cortland’s solution and the sperm concentration was maintained at 10⁸/ml. The UV-irradiation was carried out for 2 minutes at the intensity of 200 to 250 µW/cm² at 28± 1°C. The optimal heat shock of 40°C for 2 minutes applied at 25 to 30 minutes a.f. was used to induce mitotic gynogenesis in first (F1) generation and at 3 to 5 minutes a.f. to induce meiotic gynogenesis in the second (F2) generation. The results obtained are presented and the light they shed on the timing of the mitotic and meiotic cell division in this species is discussed.

Rice-fish and rice mono-crop production at Gouripur, Mymensingh: an economic analysis

This study examines the relative profitability of rice-fish culture and rice mono-crop production at Gouripur thana of Mymensingh district. The results of the study show that the rice-fish farming was economically more rewarding than the rice mono-crop farming, although both the farming activities were found profitable over cash as well as full costs. In addition to extra earnings from fish, the rice-fish farming produced significantly a higher yield of rice requiring very minimum extra cost for fish. Rice-fish farming also reduced variability in yield of and return from rice.

Effect of mola (Amblypharyngodon mola Ham.) on the growth and production of carps in polyculture

The effect of introduction of mola (Amblypharyngodon mala) in polyculture with rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla) and mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio var. specularis) was studied in semi-intensive culture system in the pond complex of the Fisheries Faculty, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Mala, a small indigenous fish was found to exert a negative impact on growth and production of carps. After four months' rearing, significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the net production between the treatments.

Effects of periphyton grown on bamboo substrates on growth and production of Indian major carp, rohu (Label rohita Ham.)

The effects of periphyton, grown on bamboo substrates, on growth and production of Indian major carp, rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), were studied in 10 ponds during July to October '95 at the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Five ponds were provided with bamboo substrates (treatment I) and the rests without bamboo substrates (treatment II). It was revealed that there had been no discernible difference in the water quality parameters between treatments. A large number of plankton (30 genera) showed periphytic nature and colonized on the bamboo substrates. The growth and production of fish was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the ponds with bamboo substrates as compared to the ponds without substrates. The net production of rohu in treatment I was about 1.7 times higher than that of treatment II. Fish production was as much as 1899 kg/ha over a culture period of 4 months in the periphyton-based production system.

Growth and production performance of red tilapia and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Lin.) under low-input culture system

Comparative production potential of red tilapia (a mutant hybrid of Oreochromis mossambicus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under low-input aquaculture was studied in six ponds of 360 m² each with an average water depth of 90 cm. Three ponds were stocked with fingerlings of O. niloticus (average weight 11.4±3.48 g) while three other ponds were stocked with red tilapia (average weight 10.72±2.5 g) at a density of 20,000 fingerlings/ha. Supplementary feed consisting of rice bran was given daily at 4-6% of standing biomass. Ponds were fertilized at fortnightly intervals with cattle manure 750 kg/ ha. After six months of rearing, gross fish productions of 3,218 and 3,017 kg/ha were obtained from O. niloticus and red tilapia ponds, respectively. Of this, table size fish (>80 g in size) production amounted to 2,366 and 2,823 kg/ha from O. niloticus and red tilapia culture, respectively. Analysis of cost and benefits showed higher benefit from red tilapia culture.

Growth and production of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Lin.) in irrigated Boro rice under floodplain environment

The experiment was conducted at BRRI Regional Station, Habiganj during 1994-95 to evaluate the growth and economic performance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fish reared in the field of irrigated boro rice with different fertilizer levels. Grain yield of rice was not affected by fish culture. It was observed that 50% of recommended fertilizer was enough to produce increased rice yield (8-10 t/ha) at floodplain environment and additional yield was obtained with the increasing fertilizer rates. Results further indicated that O. niloticus could successfully be reared in the field of irrigated boro rice with recommended fertilizer level. Larger size of fingerlings at release had improved recovery percent, body weight gain and higher fish yield. Results also revealed that rice + fish production system produced higher net return than the system with rice alone.

Effects of cowdung application on the production of mud crab (Scylla serrata Forskal) in brackishwater pond

A culture experiment of mud crab for 84 days was conducted in earthen pond at Brackishwater Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Paikgacha, Khulna. The aim of the experiment was to study the effects of cowdung application on crab production and water quality. There were three treatments as without cowdung (T1), 500 kg cowdung/ha/fortnight (T2) and 750 kg cowdung/ha/fortnight (T3) with three replicates for each. The result was evaluated on the basis of growth, production, survival rate etc. The experimental months were mid-April '96 to mid-July '96. To maintain a good water quality, water was exchanged in every spring tide. The range of salinity during the experiment was 8-19 ppt. Trash fish and fresh shrimp head were used as feed on raw basis in every alternate week at a rate of 8% body weight of crab at the same time rice bran and wheat flour were used at a rate of 2% body weight as a source of carbohydrate. The production of T1, T2 and T3, were 720.35 kg, 862.16 kg and 669.19 kg/ha respectively. Though the effects of cowdung on production of crab is insignificant but in terms of production, survival rate and growth, the study suggest that the application of cowdung in addition to feed can be recommended for mud crab culture at a rate of 500 kg/ha/fortnight.