Precision estimates and suggested sample sizes for length-frequency data

For most fisheries applications, the shape of a length-frequency distribution is much more important than its mean length or variance. This makes it difficult to evaluate at which point a sample size is adequate. By estimating the coefficient of variation of the counts in each length class and taking a weighted mean of these, a measure of precision was obtained that takes the precision in all length classes into account. The precision estimates were closely associated with the ratio of the sample size to the number of size classes in each sample. As a rule-of-thumb, a minimum sample size of 10 times the number of length classes in the sample is suggested because the precision deteriorates rapidly for smaller sample sizes. In absence of such a rule-of-thumb, samplers have previously under-estimated the required sample size for samples with large fish, while over-sampling small fish of the same species.

Do oil and gas platforms off California reduce recruitment of bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) to natural habitat? An analysis based on trajectories derived from high-frequency radar

To investigate the possibility that oil and gas platforms may reduce recruitment of rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) to natural habitat, we simulated drift pathways termed “trajectories” in our model) from an existing oil platform to nearshore habitat using current measurements from high-frequency (HF) radars. The trajectories originated at Platform Irene, located west of Point Conception, California, during two recruiting seasons for bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis): May through August, 1999 and 2002. Given that pelagic juvenile bocaccio dwell near the surface, the trajectories estimate transport to habitat. We assumed that appropriate shallow water juvenile habitat exists inshore of the 50-m isobath. Results from 1999 indicated that 10% of the trajectories represent transport to habitat, whereas 76% represent transport across the offshore boundary. For 2002, 24% represent transport to habitat, and 69% represent transport across the offshore boundary. Remaining trajectories (14% and 7% for 1999 and 2002, respectively) exited the coverage area either northward or southward along isobaths. Deployments of actual drifters (with 1-m drogues) from a previous multiyear study provided measurements originating near Platform Irene from May through August. All but a few of the drifters moved offshore, as was also shown with the HF radar-derived trajectories. These results indicate that most juvenile bocaccio settling on the platform would otherwise have been transported offshore and perished in the absence of a platform. However, these results do not account for the swimming behavior of juvenile bocaccio, about which little is known.

Building up a frequency stabilisation based on a wavemeter for a diode laser and characterisation for a digital mirror device for artificial potentials

It has built and characterised a laser and It has learned what each of the components does. It has been able to run the laser in single-mode and stabilised it around a desired setpoint thanks to a PID controller that It has programmed. It has established a communication between the PID controller programmed in LabVIEW and Arduino Due, the DAC that It has chosen after comparing it with another candidate. It has learned some basics of how the LightCrafter 4500 DMD works. The projected light is the composition of the lights of three LED’s, each of which has a certain on-time. The mirrors chose to be in on- or off-stages depending to the amount of intensity that we want for each colour.

Evaluating mortality using length-frequency data when growth parameters are poorly known

A method is presented through which the total mortality undergone by several fish stocks of the same species can be compared when growth parameters are poorly known or unknown. Whereas the estimate of Z obtained via the length-converted catch curve is highly sensitive to the input parameters K and L sub( infinity ), the ratio of Z estimates obtained for different stocks with the same combination of parameters is almost independent of these inputs, at least when the fit of the linear regression is good. The method is tested on simulated data and an application is presented using real data from the Lesser Antilles. It provides the possibility of qualitatively comparing several stocks in situations of scarce biological knowledge.

Variability in spawning frequency and reproductive development of the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) along the west coast of Australia

The narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) is widespread throughout the Indo-West Pacific region. This study describes the reproductive biology of S. commerson along the west coast of Australia, where it is targeted for food consumption and sports fishing. Development of testes occurred at a smaller body size than for ovaries, and more than 90% of males were sexually mature by the minimum legal length of 900 mm TL compared to 50% of females. Females dominated overall catches although sex ratios within daily catches vary considerably and females were rarely caught when spaw n ing. Scomberomorus commerson are seasonally abundant in coastal waters and most of the commercial catch is taken prior to the reproductive season. Spawning occurs between about August and November in the Kimberley region and between October and January in the Pilbara region. No spawning activity was recorded in the more southerly West Coast region, and only in the north Kimberley region were large numbers of fish with spawning gonads collected. Catches dropped to a minimum when spawning began in the Pilbara region, when fish became less abundant in inshore waters and inclement weather conditions limited fishing on still productive offshore reefs. Final maturation and ovulation of oocytes took place within a 24-hour period, and females spawned in the afternoon-evening every three days. A third of these spawning females released batches of eggs on consecutive days. Relationships between length, weight, and batch fecundity are presented.

Maximum likelihood estimation of mortality and growth with individual variability from multiple length-frequency data

We consider estimation of mortality rates and growth parameters from length-frequency data of a fish stock and derive the underlying length distribution of the population and the catch when there is individual variability in the von Bertalanffy growth parameter L∞. The model is flexible enough to accommodate 1) any recruitment pattern as a function of both time and length, 2) length-specific selectivity, and 3) varying fishing effort over time. The maximum likelihood method gives consistent estimates, provided the underlying distribution for individual variation in growth is correctly specified. Simulation results indicate that our method is reasonably robust to violations in the assumptions. The method is applied to tiger prawn data (Penaeus semisulcatus) to obtain estimates of natural and fishing mortality.

Impacto dos polimorfismos genéticos da enzima conversora de angiotensina sobre desfechos clínicos e ecocardiográficos em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca não isquêmica

O papel dos polimorfismos genéticos da ECA (PGECA) na insuficiência cardíaca (IC) como preditor de desfechos clínicos e ecocardiográficos ainda não está estabelecido. É necessário identificar o perfil genotípico local para se observar se o impacto clínico desses genótipos é igual entre populações estrangeiras e a brasileira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a frequência das variantes do PGECA e sua relação com a evolução clínica de pacientes com IC de etiologia não isquêmica de uma população do Rio de Janeiro, utilizando desfechos clínicos, ecocardiográficos e do Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM).Para isso, realizou-se análise secundária de prontuários de 111 pacientes, acompanhados de forma prospectiva e retrospectiva, além da análise genética com identificação da variante do PGECA e sua classificação. Os pacientes foram acompanhados em média por 64,93,9 meses, tinham 59,51,3 (26-89) anos, predomínio do sexo masculino (60,4%) e da cor da pele branca (51,4 %), mas com alta prevalência de pretos (36 %). A distribuição do PGECA observada foi: 51,4 % DD, 44,1 % DI e apenas 4,5 % II. Hipertensão arterial foi a comorbidade mais frequentemente observada (70,3 %). O tratamento farmacológico estava bastante otimizado: 98,2 % em uso de betabloqueadores e 89,2 % em uso de inibidores da ECA ou losartana. Nenhuma das características clínicas ou do tratamento medicamentoso variou entre os grupos. Cerca de metade da coorte (49,5 %) apresentou fração de ejeção de VE (FEVE) ≤35 %. O diâmetro sistólico do VE (DSVE) final foi a única variável ecocardiográfica isolada significativamente diferente entre os PGECA: 59,21,8 DD x 52,31,9 DI x 59,25,2 (p=0,029). Quando analisadas de maneira evolutiva, todas as variáveis (FEVE, DSVE e DDVE) diferiram de maneira significativa entre os genótipos: p=0,024 para ∆FE, p=0,002 para ∆DSVE e p=0,021 para ∆DDVE. O genótipo DI se associou ao melhor parâmetro ecocardiográfico (aumento de FEVE e diminuição de diâmetros de VE), enquanto que o DD e II apresentaram padrão inverso. Os valores derivados do SHFM (expectativa de vida, mortalidade em um ano e mortalidade em cinco anos) não variaram de forma significativa entre os genótipos, mas notou-se um padrão com o DD associado a piores estimativas, DI a estimativas intermediárias e II a valores mais benignos. Não houve diferença significativa entre desfechos clínicos isolados (óbitos: p=0,552; internação por IC: p=0,602 e PS por IC: p=0,119) ou combinados (óbitos + internação por IC: p=0,559). Na análise multivariada, o peso alelo D foi preditor independente da variação do DSVE (p=0,023). Em relação aos preditores independentes de óbito + internação por IC, foram identificados classe funcional NYHA final (p=0,018), frequência cardíaca final (p=0,026) e uso de furosemida (p=0,041). Em suma, a frequência alélia e das variantes do PGECA foram diferentes da maioria do estudos internacionais. O alelo D foi associado de forma independente à pior evolução ecocardiográfica. Não houve diferenças significativas em relação aos parâmetros derivados do SHFM, embora o genótipo II pareça estar associado com o melhor perfil clínico. Por último, não houve diferenças em relação aos desfechos clínicos entre os PGECA.