Melhoramento genético florestal e o desafio imposto pela doença da murchidão do pinheiro

Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL

Aspectos da interacção entre Phytophthora cinnamomi e a doença do declínio em Q. suber e Q. rotundifolia

Faculdade de Engenharia de Recursos Naturais, Univ. do Algarve, 2001

Sebes e paisagem. Caso de estudo: planalto Mirandês

Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL

Projeto de implementação de um corredor verde no concelho de Torres Vedras

Dissertação de Mestrado, Arquitetura Paisagista, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

Bananicultura orgânica.

Na bananicultura orgânica, uma das práticas mais importantes é o manejo do solo, pois este deve ser mantido com cobertura viva e/ou morta. Os nutrientes podem ser supridos por fontes orgânicas (plantas melhoradoras do solo ? leguminosas e não leguminosas, estercos animais, tortas vegetais, resíduos agrícolas) ou fontes minerais naturais (calcários, fosfatos naturais, pós de rocha e cinzas de madeira). O manejo de pragas em sistemas orgânicos de produção, visando à proteção das plantas, baseia-se no uso de variedades resistentes e mais adaptadas às condições da região e também na utilização de controle biológico de pragas e doenças. São várias as opções de variedades resistentes às três principais doenças da bananeira (sigatoka-negra; sigatoka-amarela e mal-do-panamá), as quais constituem importante alternativa para o cultivo orgânico. Práticas culturais, como o uso de matéria orgânica (MO), rotação de culturas e adubação verde, contribuem para diminuir o estresse nas plantas, reduzindo os problemas com pragas e doenças. O mercado brasileiro para produtos orgânicos tem sido crescente. Assim, a demanda por bananas orgânicas visa não só produtos saudáveis, isentos de qualquer tipo de contaminantes que ponham em risco a saúde do consumidor e do agricultor e o meio ambiente, mas também a preservação e a ampliação da biodiversidade dos ecossistemas e a conservação das condições físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo, da água e do ar, atendendo assim ao tripé: ambientalmente correto, socialmente justo e economicamente viável. Espera-se, com a bananicultura orgânica, que o agricultor tenha mercado distinto com um produto diferenciado e competitivo

Caracterização da incidência e evolução de pragas e doenças em agroecossistemas cafeeiros sob diferentes manejos.

A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de avaliar a incidência e evolução das principais pragas e doenças do cafeeiro em agroecossistemas sob manejo convencional, organo-mineral, orgânico e agroflorestal nos municípios sul mineiros de Machado e Poço-Fundo. Foram realizados monitoramentos mensais do bicho-mineiro (Leucoptera coffeella), broca-do-café (Hypothenemus hampei), ferrugem (Hemileia vastatrix) e da cercosporiose (Cercospora coffeicola) por um período de um ano (dez/2007 a nov/2008) em lavouras da variedade Mundo Novo sob diferentes manejos. O monitoramento do bichomineiro e das doenças do cafeeiro foi realizado através da coleta de dez folhas do terceiro ou quarto par em todos os lados do cafeeiro, sendo amostradas vinte plantas por agroecossistema, totalizando duzentas folhas coletadas para avaliação dessas moléstias em cada sistema. Para o monitoramento da brocado- café selecionou-se 32 plantas, seis pontos diferentes em cada planta (10 frutos agrupados por ponto estabelecido) e realizou-se avaliação nãodestrutiva. Em todos os agroecossistemas monitorados, ambos manejados pela agricultura familiar, a infestação da broca-do-café e do bicho-mineiro não atingiram nível de dano econômico em nenhuma avaliação. Com relação às doenças avaliadas, observou-se que tanto a ferrugem como a cercosporiose atingiram nível de dano econômico em todos os sistemas de manejo. No entanto, nos sistemas organo-mineral, orgânico (monocultivo) e agroflorestal (diversificado) a ocorrência da ferrugem foi crítica, atingindo índices elevados nos meses de abril a outubro de 2008, registrando-se valores acima de 60% de incidência em quatro meses de avaliação. A incidência da cercosporiose foi relativamente menor no sistema convencional e orgânico (monocultivo), cujos picos não ultrapassaram 41% e 55%, consecutivamente. Já no sistema organomineral e agroflorestal (orgânico) a ocorrência da cercosporiose atingiu níveis muito elevados, chegando a 76% e 67%, respectivamente, no mês de julho. Apesar dos elevados níveis de incidência da ferrugem e cercosporiose encontrados nos agroecossistemas cafeeiros organo-mineral e orgânico, a produtividade média alcançada por esses sistemas nos últimos três anos foi superior ao convencional, mesmo esse último sistema investindo pesado em agrotóxicos e fertilizantes químicos.

Indicadores agrometeorológicos obtidos com imagens MODIS na bacia hidrográfica do rio Paracatu.

Para análises dos parâmetros hídricos e de vegetação com ênfases em pivôs de irrigação, usou-se o produto MODIS MOD13Q1, em conjunto com dados agrometeorológicos nas áreas envolvidas pelos municípios do Noroeste de Minas Gerais, dentro da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Paracatu. A Evapotranspiração atual (ET) e a produção de biomassa (BIO) foram obtidas em toda a região de estudo sob diferentes condições termo hídricas, com aplicações do algoritmo SAFER e de Monteith. A produtividade da água (PA) nas áreas com pivôs, na maioria com a cultura do milho, foi estimada como a razão da BIO pela ET e e o resultado multiplicado pelo índice de colheita (IH) para dar a produtividade da água da cultura (PAC). A razão da ET para a evapotranspiração de referência (ET0) foi utilizada na elaboração de um modelo relacionando o coeficiente de cultura (Kc) e os graus-dias acumulados (GDac). Os resultados indicaram que a dinâmica dos parâmetros biofísicos em diferentes agros-ecossistemas pode ser monitorada nas resoluções espacial de 250 m e temporal de 16 dias e que o Kc determinado com imagens MODIS usados operacionalmente no manejo de irrigação.

Avaliação ambiental de manguezais adjacentes aos campos petrolíferos de Macau e Serra (RN), como subsídio às medidas mitigadoras ao processo erosivo

Among the various effects caused by the climate change and human intervention, the mangrove ecosystem changes through of the years has been worth mentioning, which hasn t known which are the pros and cons for the adjacent coastal and estuarine environments yet. It happens due to the present dynamism in these areas, besides of the difficult understanding of the processes associated with evolution. This study aimed to environmentally evaluate adjacent mangroves from the Macau and Serra oil fields, located on Rio Grande do Norte northern coast, to support the mitigating actions related to the containment of the erosive process, as well as, according to the principles of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), to assess the amount of atmospheric carbon sequestered by the studied ecosystem. An inventory was conducted through mangrouve mapping which has supplied this research, especially regarding to the structural characterization of mangrove areas. To understand the local mangrove behavior in a greater level detail, techniques of remote sensing, GIS and GPS were used to make an analogy between the current and past states of the mangrove studied, allowing to make anticipated projections for the future impacts or changes in that region. This study combined data from multispectral LANDSAT 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+ with radar microwave data from SAR RADARSAT-1, which increased the interpretation capacity of the data from optical sensor systems. The interpretations have been supported by the data field, representing a better and innovative methodology for the environmental and taxonomic characterization of mangrove forests considered. The results reveal that mangroves of the Ponta do Tubarão Sustainable Development Reserve are biologically representative areas and providing a variety of benefits, especially for local communities, constituting the priority sites for actions development aimed at conservation. They also have been showing the necessity to make mitigating measures in order to recover degraded areas through reforestation or creating new areas of mangrove, as currently 7.1% of the mangrove forests studied are dead or in an advanced state of decomposition. The amount of atmospheric carbon sequestered proved very significant when analyzed for the whole area, which is able to sequester atmospheric 4,294,458 Ton CO2 per year

Avaliação da biodegradabilidade de petróleo utilizando microrganismos isolados do estuário do Rio Potengi (RN)

The oil activity in the Rio Grande do Norte State (RN) is a permanent threat to coastal ecosystems, particularly mangroves, with the possibility of oil spills. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential resistance of the mangrove environment of a possible spill. Were selected and isolated microorganisms degrading oil by the technique of enrichment cultures and formation of a bacterial consortium. The kinetic study of the consortium was held in rotary incubator shaken at 150 rpm and 30° C. Samples were taken at intervals of 4 hours for analysis of cell concentration and surface tension. The biodegradation was monitored using two methods of respirometry: manometric (OxiTop-C ®) and conductivimetry, where the biodegradation of oil was estimated indirectly by oxygen consumption and CO2 production, respectively. Furthermore, it was used a full 2² factorial design with triplicate at central point to the runs that used the conductivimetric methodology.. The technique of enrichment cultures allowed to obtain thirteen bacterial strains. Kinetic study of the consortium, we can showed the absence of the lag phase, reaching a maximum cell concentration of 2.55 g / L at 16 h of cultivation and a reduction on surface tension. When we adopted the methodology of OxiTop-C was detected a band indicating biodegradability (1% oil v/v), however when we used the conductivimetry methodology did not observe any band that would indicate effective biodegradation. By monitoring a process of biodegradation is necessary to observe the methodology will be adopted to evaluate the biodegradation process, since for the same conditions adopted different methodologies can produce different results. The oil-degrading isolates from soils of the mangrove estuary Potengi / RN are largely to be used in bioremediation strategies of these places, in the case of a possible oil spill, or it can be used in the treatment of waste oil generated in saline environments, since they are optimized the conditions of the tests so that the efficiency of biodegradation reach the minimum level suggested by the standarts

Avaliação ecológico-econômica do manguezal de Macau/RN e a importância da aplicação de práticas preservacionistas pela indústria petrolífera local

This work presents the results of a survey in oil-producing region of the Macau City, northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte. All work was performed under the Project for Monitoring Environmental Change and the Influence of Hydrodynamic forcing on Morphology Beach Grass Fields, Serra Potiguar in Macau, with the support of the Laboratory of Geoprocessing, linked to PRH22 - Training Program in Geology Geophysics and Information Technology Oil and Gas - Department of Geology/CCET/UFRN and the Post-Graduation in Science and Engineering Oil/PPGCEP/UFRN. Within the economic-ecological context, this paper assesses the importance of mangrove ecosystem in the region of Macau and its surroundings as well as in the following investigative exploration of potential areas for projects involving reforestation and / or Environmental Restoration. At first it was confirmed the ecological potential of mangrove forests, with primary functions: (i) protection and stabilization of the shoreline, (ii) nursery of marine life, and (iii) source of organic matter to aquatic ecosystems, (iv) refuge of species, among others. In the second phase, using Landsat imagery and techniques of Digital Image Processing (DIP), I came across about 18,000 acres of land that can be worked on environmental projects, being inserted in the rules signed the Kyoto Protocol to the market carbon. The results also revealed a total area of 14,723.75 hectares of activity of shrimp production and salting that can be harnessed for the social, economic and environmental potential of the region, considering that over 60% of this area, ie, 8,800 acres, may be used in the planting of the genus Avicennia considered by the literature that the species best sequesters atmospheric carbon, reaching a mean value of 59.79 tons / ha of mangrove

Descrição do ciclo gametogênico do ouriço-branco, Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816), no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha PE, Brasil

Sea urchins are common benthic organisms on coastal ecosystems of tropical and temperate shallow waters. The impact of sea urchins populations in shore communities is density-dependent, and therefore, knowledge of the life history of these animals is important to understand these interactions. Between 2000 and 2005 a population boom of Tripneustes ventricosus was observed in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. In 2004 a research program was started to monitor the population dynamics of T. ventricosus in the archipelago, when it noted a lack of basic information on the biology and reproduction of this species, despite its broad geographic distribution and economic importance in parts of its occurrence. In this context, this work focuses on the reproductive biology of T. ventricosus with emphasis on the description of the gametogenic stages. Between December 2006 and July 2007, ten urchins were collected by snorkeling in two sites of the archipelago, totaling 120 individuals. Gametogenic stages were described for both sexes through microscopic analysis, and were defined as: Recovery, Growing, Premature, Mature and Spawning. Results showed increasing in Gonad index throughout of months of sampling and suggest that the reproductive cycle of the species in the archipelago is annual

Dieta do ouriço-branco, Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816), no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, PE

Sea urchins are benthic macroinvertebrates that inhabit shallow coastal waters in tropical and temperate zones. Urchins are usually classified as generalists or omnivores as they can adjust their diet according to the food resources available in the environment. Due to the strong grazing pressure they may exert, urchins have an important role in marine ecosystems, occupying different trophic levels and stimulating the intensification of the dynamics of communities where they occur. In 2004, a monitoring program focused on the population dynamics of the white sea urchin, Tripneustes ventricosus, has been initiated in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. At the same time, a surprisingly lack of information on the species biology has been noted, despite their wide geographical distribution and economic importance in many parts of its range. Hence, this work was developed to provide information on the feeding habits of T. ventricosus in the archipelago. Ten specimens were collected between December 2006 and July 2007 at two sites of the archipelago, Air France and Sueste Bay for biometrics and analysis of gut contents. Test diameters ranged from 9.19 cm (± 1.1) to 10.08 cm (± 0.58). Calculated stomach repletion index (IRE) was higher (p <0.05) in the Air France site and also during January and July. The IRE was not correlated to the gonad index. Fifteen different species of algae were detected in a total of 120 stomachs examined: 4 Chlorophytas, 4 Phaeophytas and 6 Rhodophytas. Food diversity (p <0.05) was higher in December 2006 and January 2007. Although several items had a high frequency of occurrence, they were low represented in terms of weight, and consequently, had a low level of relative importance. The brown algae Dictyopteris spp and Dictyota spp, followed by the green algae Caulerpa verticillata accounted for the greatest importance in T. ventricosus diet, comprising about 90% of the consumed items

Eutrofização e capacidade de carga de fósforo de seis reservatórios a bacia do Rio Seridó, região semi-árida do Estado do RN

The eutrofization is a natural process of accumulation of nutrients in aquatic´s body that it has been accelerated for the human´s actives, mainly the related with the activities of camp, industrial and the inadequate disposition of the domestic sewage. The enrichment of the aquatic´s body with nutrients, mainly the nitrogen and the phosphorus, and the consequent proliferation of algae and Cyanobacteria can commit the quality of the water for the public provisioning, for the fish farming and for other ends. The problem becomes more critical when there is a shortage of water naturally as in the semi-arid area of the Brazilian northeast. Before that problem this work had as objective evaluates the trophic state of six reservoirs of the basin of River Seridó of Rio Grande of Norte and also estimate the capacity of load of match of the reservoir and risk probabilities based on the established limits by the resolution Conama 357/05. The results demonstrate that the six reservoirs are eutrofization, with concentration of total phosphorus and cloro a in the water upster to 50 e 12 μg l-1. The results show that space homogeneity exists in the state trophic of the reservoirs, but a significant variation interanual in function of the increase of the concentrations of nutrients and decrease of the transparency of the water with the reduction of the body of water accumulated in the reservoirs.The results of the simulation risk estocastic show that the reservoirs could receive annually from 72 to 216 Kg of P, assuming a risk of 10% of increasing in more than 30 μg l-1 the annual medium concentrations of total match in the water of these reservoirs. This load could be high in until 360 kg of P a year in case the managers assume a risk of 10% of increasing in more than 50 μg l-1 the annual medium concentrations of total phosphorus in the waters of these reservoirs

Investigação e avaliação da toxicidade aguda dos agrotóxicos mais utilizados no cinturão verde da Grande Natal (RN, Brasil) para o peixe-zebra (Danio rerio Hamilton Buchanan, 1822, Teleostei, Cyprinidae

The objectives of this research were to investigate the agrotoxic most used in the Gramorezinho region in the green belt of Natal, and to evaluate the acute toxicity of these, based on the LC50-48h values estimated in tests for Danio rerio, internationally used as test organism. The acute toxicity tests were performed under laboratory conditions, according to standardized methods (ABNT/NBR/15088/04) for this species. The LC50-48h estimated to Tamaron BR was 352.89 mg.L-1, which characterizes that as practically non-toxic, according to toxicological classes cited by Zucker. For Decis 25EC, the LC50-48h estimated was 0.0004156 mg.L-1 (4.156 X 10-4 mg.L-1), which classifies it as highly toxic to this species

Avaliação da qualidade da água do Rio Piranhas-Açu/RN utilizando a comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos

The biomonitoring technique for water quality in water bodies has been incorporated increasingly in management of the natural resources, using mainly indices of its aquatic community characteristics. In Brazil the first efforts to use this technique was restricted to the South and the Midwest region of this country. Located in the northeast region, this study was conducted at Rio Grande do Norte state and had as main objective the assessment of water quality in the Piranhas-Açu river using benthic macroinvertebrates community as biological indicators. Thus, were applied two biotic indices, the BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party score system) and the IBF (Family Biotic Index). According the requirements of these indices, two periods of sampling were determined as basic methodology, in dry seasons of 2006 and 2007. The sampling sites were around the municipalities of Açu, Ipanguaçu, Alto do Rodrigues and Pendências. Physical-chemical measurements; a protocol of rapid assessment of diversity of habitats, and determination of the degree of tolerance of each taxon to organic pollution were also performed. The most abundant organisms found in the river were tolerant with the prevalence of Chironomidae (Diptera) and Melanoides tuberculata. This results, together with those ones got in indices application, showed a considerable organic pollution in the four sample places and the reaches were classified as modified to impacted. According to the used indices, this study suggest that this river have significant alteration in the biotic community and water quality on the organic pollution, and this fact, occurs in the reach of the river further downstream, where were expected a good water quality. Considering these results, measures aiming the conservation of this water body are needed regarding as it is inserted into a fragile ecosystem with dry season phenomenon, and the water of this river has extremely importance for the local economy