Violence Profiles on International TV News

Journalism has achieved a crucial importance as a social institution linked with the notion of the public interest. It is still doing so but is nevertheless increasingly challenged by getting networked with the interested publics. This becomes more apparent in times when the media repertoires and audiences as such are changing, when the public relies on more than one news source for the transmission and formulation of world events, but when the importance of TV news nevertheless remains relatively stable. Against this backdrop we may ask what publics contribute to or take away from the new plethora of images and stories saturating the media? This article gives an approximate answer by drawing on a comparative analysis of the present-day presentations of violence on British, German, and Russian television news. Violence in the media is not a new phenomenon, as age-old literary masterpieces like Homer’s Odyssey show, but it is still a very popular one, especially in the news. This article highlights trans-national and national elements in the reporting of violence in three different news cultures. At first glance, both the substantial cross-national violence news flow and the cross-national visual violence flow (key visuals) may be interpreted as distinctly trans-national elements. Event-related textual analysis, however, reveals how the historical rootedness of nations and their specific symbols of power are still very much manifested in respective television mediations of violence. In conclusion, this study recommends the pursuit of conscientious comparisons in journalist research and practice in order to understand what violence news convey in the different arenas of present-day newsmaking.

PLDA based speaker recognition on short utterances

This paper investigates the effects of limited speech data in the context of speaker verification using a probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) approach. Being able to reduce the length of required speech data is important to the development of automatic speaker verification system in real world applications. When sufficient speech is available, previous research has shown that heavy-tailed PLDA (HTPLDA) modeling of speakers in the i-vector space provides state-of-the-art performance, however, the robustness of HTPLDA to the limited speech resources in development, enrolment and verification is an important issue that has not yet been investigated. In this paper, we analyze the speaker verification performance with regards to the duration of utterances used for both speaker evaluation (enrolment and verification) and score normalization and PLDA modeling during development. Two different approaches to total-variability representation are analyzed within the PLDA approach to show improved performance in short-utterance mismatched evaluation conditions and conditions for which insufficient speech resources are available for adequate system development. The results presented within this paper using the NIST 2008 Speaker Recognition Evaluation dataset suggest that the HTPLDA system can continue to achieve better performance than Gaussian PLDA (GPLDA) as evaluation utterance lengths are decreased. We also highlight the importance of matching durations for score normalization and PLDA modeling to the expected evaluation conditions. Finally, we found that a pooled total-variability approach to PLDA modeling can achieve better performance than the traditional concatenated total-variability approach for short utterances in mismatched evaluation conditions and conditions for which insufficient speech resources are available for adequate system development.

PLDA based speaker verification with weighted LDA techniques

This paper investigates the use of the dimensionality-reduction techniques weighted linear discriminant analysis (WLDA), and weighted median fisher discriminant analysis (WMFD), before probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) modeling for the purpose of improving speaker verification performance in the presence of high inter-session variability. Recently it was shown that WLDA techniques can provide improvement over traditional linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for channel compensation in i-vector based speaker verification systems. We show in this paper that the speaker discriminative information that is available in the distance between pair of speakers clustered in the development i-vector space can also be exploited in heavy-tailed PLDA modeling by using the weighted discriminant approaches prior to PLDA modeling. Based upon the results presented within this paper using the NIST 2008 Speaker Recognition Evaluation dataset, we believe that WLDA and WMFD projections before PLDA modeling can provide an improved approach when compared to uncompensated PLDA modeling for i-vector based speaker verification systems.

The influence of human rights on land rights and spatial information

This paper reviews the growing influence of human rights issues on land rights, administration, management and tenure. In the last few decades, attention focussed on integrating economic and environmental considerations to achieve sustainable land use. The World Trade Organisation began in 1995. As a condition of membership, nations undertook legislative programmes aimed at reducing price distortions and barriers to international trade. Reducing trade barriers has direct effects on agricultural production as a major land use. Similarly, as signatories to the 1992 Rio Declaration, nations undertook caring for and reporting on the state of the environment. However, quality of life is also an issue in deciding what is sustainable development. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, proclaimed in 1948, provided a framework for a series of international human rights conventions. These conventions now influence national legislative programmes. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the implications of human rights on rights in land and the production and use of spatial information.

Is there enough evidence with evolocumab and alirocumab (antibodies to proprotein convertase substilisin-kexin type, PCSK9) on cardiovascular outcomes to use them widely?

Introduction: Statins alone often do not reduce LDL cholesterol levels sufficiently to given maximum cardiovascular benefit. Thus, additional drugs are required to reduce the levels of LDL cholesterol. Monoclonal antibodies to PCSK9 have recently been shown to decrease LDL cholesterol, but it is not known whether they improve cardiovascular outcomes. Areas covered: Evaluation of two clinical trials reporting cardiovascular outcomes with antibodies to PCSK9; the OSLER extension with evolocumab and the ODYSSEY LONG TERM trial with alirocumab. Expert opinion: In OSLER and ODYSSEY LONG TERM, there were very few cardiovascular outcomes, but the trials do suggest that evolocumab and alirocumab may reduce these outcomes. However, there are also some safety concerns with both of these antibodies. Large clinical outcome trials are underway with both evolocumab and alirocumab, which will probably clarify both the safety concerns and any cardiovascular benefits with these antibodies. In our opinion, these antibodies may be suitable for use in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia, who are uncontrolled with their present medications, provided intensive safety and cardiovascular monitoring is being undertaken. However, evolocumab and alirocumab should be used with caution in other subjects, until outcome studies in higher numbers of subjects, have shown acceptable safety and cardiovascular profiles.

Dancer Casablanca 1930

A seated figure dressed in pink against a background of vegetation. Titled in lower left corner.

Tietokonesimulaatioita kaasujen ymmärtämisen tukemiseen kemian lukio-opetuksessa

Modernit tieto- ja viestintätekniset sovellukset, kuten tietokonesimulaatiot, tarjoavat uusia mahdollisuuksia opiskelijoiden kaasujen käyttäytymisen ymmärtämisen tukemiseen. Aihe on opiskelijoille monien aikaisempien tutkimusten mukaan usein hyvin vaikea. Kaasujen käyttäytymisen perusteiden ymmärtäminen on edellytys monien muiden kemian ilmiöiden ymmärtämiselle. Opetussuunnitelman perusteissa tulisi painottaa enemmän kaasuja, niiden ominaisuuksia ja niihin liittyviä ilmiöitä jokaisella kemiallisen tiedon kolmesta tasosta. Kolmivaiheisessa kehittämistutkimuksessa kehitettiin tutkimuslähtöisesti tietokonesimulaatioita kaasujen ominaisuuksien ja käyttäytymisen ymmärtämisen tukemiseen kemian lukio-opetuksessa. Tutkimuksessa oli kolme tutkimusongelmaa. Ensimmäiseen tutkimusongelmaan, miten kaasuihin liittyviä asioita käsitellään kemian lukio-opetuksessa Suomessa, etsittiin vastausta tarpeiden kartoituksella. Tarveanalyysissä tutkittiin, miten kaasujen ominaisuuksia ja käyttäytymistä käsitellään lukion kemian ja fysiikan oppikirjoissa. Toiseen tutkimusongelmaan, minkälaiset tietokonesimulaatiot tukevat kaasujen submikroskooppisen tason ominaisuuksien ja käyttäytymisen ymmärtämistä kemian opiskelussa lukiossa, etsittiin vastausta kehitettäessä opetusaineisto. Tutkimuksessa kehitettiin kokoelma kaasujen ominaisuuksia ja käyttäytymistä submikroskooppisella tasolla käsitteleviä simulaatioharjoituksia, jotka voi tehdä Odyssey-ohjelmistolla. Kolmanteen tutkimusongelmaan, miten tutkimuksessa kehitetyt tietokonesimulaatiot tukivat lukio-opiskelijoiden ymmärrystä kaasujen submikroskooppisen tason ominaisuuksista ja käyttäytymisestä, etsittiin vastausta kokeilemalla ja arvioimalla kehitettyä opetusaineistoa. Tutkimusjoukkona oli 17 kemiasta innostunutta lukio-opiskelijaa. He kokeilivat kehitettyjä simulaatioharjoituksia Minustako kemisti? -tutkimuskurssilla kesällä 2006. Arvioinnissa käytettiin kyselytutkimusta ennen kokeilua ja sen jälkeen. Tutkimus osoitti, että tietokonesimulaatiot tukevat kaasujen ymmärtämistä kemian lukio-opetuksessa. Kehitetyt simulaatioharjoitukset muuttivat lukiolaisten virheellisiä käsityksiä tieteen käsitysten mukaisiksi. Odyssey todettiin hyväksi simulointiohjelmistoksi lukion kemian opetukseen. Toistaiseksi tietokonesimulaatioita käytetään kemian opetuksessa hyvin vähän. Tietokonesimulaatioiden käyttöä lukion kemian opetuksessa olisi pyrittävä lisäämään. Päämäärän saavuttamiseksi olisi kehitettävä nykyisiä ja suunniteltava lisää hyviä simulointiohjelmistoja, ja koulutettava opettajia niiden käytössä. Jatkossa tulisi tutkia, miten Odysseyllä voidaan tukea muiden kemian asioiden ymmärtämistä. Olisi hyödyllistä tutkia, tukeeko Odyssey kemian ymmärtämistä myös yliopistotason kemian opiskelussa. Tärkeää olisi myös tutkia erilaisten opetuksen työtapojen merkitystä tietokonesimulaatioilla opiskeltaessa.

LZW Based Distance Measures for Spoken Language Identification

We present a new approach to spoken language modeling for language identification (LID) using the Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) algorithm. The LZW technique is applicable to any kind of tokenization of the speech signal. Because of the efficiency of LZW algorithm to obtain variable length symbol strings in the training data, the LZW codebook captures the essentials of a language effectively. We develop two new deterministic measures for LID based on the LZW algorithm namely: (i) Compression ratio score (LZW-CR) and (ii) weighted discriminant score (LZW-WDS). To assess these measures, we consider error-free tokenization of speech as well as artificially induced noise in the tokenization. It is shown that for a 6 language LID task of OGI-TS database with clean tokenization, the new model (LZW-WDS) performs slightly better than the conventional bigram model. For noisy tokenization, which is the more realistic case, LZW-WDS significantly outperforms the bigram technique

A cicatriz do Tatarana: o sagrado feminino em Grande sertão: veredas

O trabalho analisa, na obra Grande Sertão: Veredas de João Guimarães Rosa (1956), elementos discursivos indicadores de um modo de narrar que ficcionaliza, tanto na forma quanto no teor de sua mensagem, manifestações do sagrado originárias da Antiguidade grega e da tradição judaico-cristã. A partir da analogia entre a obra de Guimarães Rosa e a Odisseia de Homero, tornam-se evidentes vestígios do épico e de modelos clássicos de narrativa que, revestidos do peculiar trabalho da linguagem rosiana, adensam a complexidade do romance. O paralelismo com as Sagradas Escrituras, mais difuso, projeta as ações num patamar dramático, em que se decidem o destino das personagens e a solenidade do discurso memorável. A fundamentação teórica articula o pensamento de Erich Auerbach, André Jolles, Rudolf Otto e também de estudiosos que se dedicaram à obra do autor mineiro, como Kathrin Rosenfield. Esse recorte mostrou a presença do sagrado em microcélulas entretecidas ao emaranhado de histórias e causos que costuram a obra prima de Rosa. A cicatriz da Tatarana alude à cicatriz de Ulisses, sinal revelador da identidade do herói grego e que, no caso do jagunço Riobaldo, desoculta um amor negado por meio da purgação do passado, elaborada numa conversa "unilateral com um suposto interlocutor. Em linguagem mítica e mágica, a figura nebulosa de Diadorim funciona como índice de ambiguidade e, ao mesmo tempo, da revelação alcançada através da morte. A pesquisa, por seu turno, segue as veredas abertas pelo estudo de Tereza Virgínia Ribeiro Barbosa a respeito das mulheres vestidas de sol, metáfora relacionada a Medeia, mas que se projeta na Virgem Maria e numa linhagem de figuras femininas da América Latina ligadas ao sagrado. Verificamos, na perspectiva das transferências culturais do tipo passado místico-mistérico/posteridade fabular, que o discurso de Riobaldo é atravessado por micronarrativas de longa tradição que sincretizam diferentes símbolos exotéricos. O trabalho encerra sua investigação desvendando a dualidade do sertão rosiano, onde impera o embate entre fé e ceticismo, a dúvida e a razão, o amor e o ódio, o masculino e o feminino, que resulta no inacabado, na travessia, a vida como metáfora, no campo das infinitas possibilidades do homem humano